Lokacin da mafi yawan masu siye suka ji 'special alloy bushing', nan da nan suka yi tsalle zuwa maki - Inconel 718, Stelllite 6, Hastelloy C-276 - kuma suna tunanin aikin ya gama. Wannan shine kuskure na farko, kuma mafi tsada. Alloy shine kawai wurin farawa; Iblis na gaske yana cikin tsarin ƙirƙira da ainihin yanayin sabis, wanda bugu yakan sami kuskure. Na ga ayyuka da yawa da yawa inda wani kyakkyawan injuna mai tushen cobalt ya gaza a cikin makonni saboda kowa ya mai da hankali kan 'na musamman' kuma ya manta da sashin 'bushing' na aikinsa.
Musamman a cikin Alloy ba Harsashin Sihiri ba ne
Bari mu yi magana game da abubuwan haɗin gwiwar cobalt, kamar Stellite. Ee, abin mamaki na lalacewa da juriya na lalata, mai girma ga aikace-aikacen zafin jiki kamar haɗin gwiwar injin turbine ko mai tsananin bututun ruwa. Amma ƙayyade shi shine sashi mai sauƙi. Tsarin simintin gyare-gyare na waɗannan kayan wani dabba ne daban. Ba kamar zubo baƙin ƙarfe ba ne. Halin narke, da harsashi mold dauki, da solidification shrinkage - idan ka kafa ba shi da zurfin gwaninta, za ka samu micro-cracking, inclusions, ko rashin daidaito taurin kai tsaye daga ƙofar. Yana kama da cikakke har sai ya shiga ƙarƙashin na'urar microscope ko cikin sabis.
Na tuna wani ƙera bawul yana samo wani tsari na musamman gami bushings don layin sarrafa sinadarai mai lalata. Takaddun kayan sun kasance cikakke, duka zuwa ASTM A494. Amma a cikin aiki, sun nuna rashin jin daɗi. Binciken gazawar ya nuna rarraba carbide. Simintin gyare-gyaren ya yi sanyi da sauri, yana haifar da gaggautsa, hanyar sadarwar carbide mara daidaito a iyakokin hatsi. An haɗu da ƙayyadaddun bayanai, amma ƙarfe ba daidai ba ne don aikace-aikacen. Gyaran ba sabon abu bane; ya kasance wani bita na kafuwar aikin tare da sarrafa sanyaya. Wannan shine inda abokin tarayya ke so Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) yayi fice. Tare da shekaru talatin a cikin harsashi da simintin saka hannun jari, da alama sun gani kuma sun warware wannan matsalar yawan sanyi a tsakanin iyalai daban-daban. Shi ne ke aiwatar da ilimin, ba kawai tanderu ba, yana da mahimmanci.
Wani abin lura da kowa shine machinability. Alloys na tushen nickel sun shahara don taurin aiki. Kuna tsara daji mai jurewa tare da sassan bakin ciki. Idan jerin mashin ɗin CNC ya kashe - kuskuren saka sa, ciyarwa/gudun da ba daidai ba, ƙaƙƙarfan aikace-aikacen sanyaya - kuna haifar da saura damuwa ko taurin fata. Bangaren ya wuce dubawa na ƙarshe amma ya lalace ko fashe a ƙarƙashin nauyin farko. Gudun daji bai gaza ba; tsarin da aka yi bayan simintin ya yi.
Zane don Kera, Ba kawai don Aiki ba
Injiniyoyi suna son zayyana ingantacciyar bushing: hadaddun tashoshi na lubrication, ƙananan yanke don riƙe hatimi, bangon bakin ciki don ceton nauyi. Sa'an nan kuma suka jefa shi a kan bango zuwa masana'antu. Tare da gami na musamman, wannan shine girke-girke na bala'i da farashin astronomical. Kowane ƙirar ƙira yana ninka wahala.
Misali, waɗancan ramukan mai da aka hako. A cikin katako na karfe, kuna hako su bayan yin simintin. Tare da yawancin nickel ko cobalt gami, hakowa bayan simintin yana da wahala. Yawancin lokaci yana da kyau a jefa su ta amfani da maƙallan yumbu. Amma wannan yana buƙatar ƙirar ƙirar ƙwararru don tabbatar da an goyan bayan ainihin ainihin kuma baya canzawa yayin zubawa, kuma ana iya cire ainihin kayan gabaɗaya bayan yin simintin ba tare da barin ragowar ba. Ƙwarewar QSY a ciki harsashi mold simintin gyaran kafa kuma zuba jari ya zama mai mahimmanci a nan. Za su iya ba da shawara kan yuwuwar geometries daga farkon. Ya kamata wannan tashar ta zama zagaye ko oval? Ƙananan kusurwa na iya sa ainihin cirewa 100% abin dogara ba tare da ya shafi aiki ba. Wannan baya-da-gaba shine abin da ke raba samfurin da ke aiki daga ɓangaren shirye-shiryen samarwa.
Daidaitaccen kaurin bango shine wani kisa shiru. Bushe yana iya samun flange mai kauri da siraren hannun riga. Daban-daban sanyaya a cikin mold yana haifar da damuwa. A cikin gawawwaki na musamman, wannan na iya haifar da hawaye masu zafi - ƙananan tsagewa waɗanda suka samo asali a lokacin ƙarfafawa. Wataƙila ba za ku iya ganin su ba tare da duba shigar rini ba. Darasi: wani lokacin kuna buƙatar ƙara ɗan abu kaɗan a cikin sashe ɗaya don tabbatar da sanyaya iri ɗaya, sannan a mayar da shi injin. Ga alama almubazzaranci ne, amma yana da arha fiye da ɓata kashi 30%.
Abubuwan da Aka Manta: Yanayin Mating
Anan ga darasi mai wahala: daji ba ya aiki shi kaɗai. Ayyukansa shine tsarin dukiya. Kuna iya sanya ingantacciyar bushing Stellite a cikin ƙaramin ƙarfe mai laushi, kuma a ƙarƙashin kaya, ƙarancin gidaje yana lalacewa, ɓata daji kuma yana haifar da ɗaukar nauyi da sauri. Haɗin kayan abu shine komai.
Muna da shari'a a kan ma'aunin toka mai nauyi. The musamman gami bushing (na tushen cobalt) an ƙayyade don juriyar abrasion. fil din ya taurare karfe. Yanayin gazawar ya kasance mai tsananin lalacewa. Matsalar? Bambancin taurin ya wuce gona da iri. Fuskokin biyu micro-welded ƙarƙashin babban matsin lamba. Maganin shine a ɗan rage taurin daji kuma a tabbatar da ƙayyadadden ƙayyadaddun ƙasa akan fil. Ya kasance mai saurin fahimta - mun lalata kayan kayan bushing don sa tsarin yayi aiki. Wannan shine irin hukunci mai amfani da ke zuwa daga ganin sassan sun gaza a fagen, ba kawai daga takardar bayanai ba.
Daidaituwar lalata wani filin naki ne. Babban juriyar lalata nickel gami da bushing na iya haifar da tantanin halitta galvanic tare da matsugunin bakin karfe a cikin yanayin jika, yana cinye gidajen. Wani lokaci, kuna buƙatar saka hannun riga ko sutura ba don bushing ba, amma don kare maƙwabcinsa. Duban tsarin ba za a iya sasantawa ba.
Lokacin da CNC Machining ke yin ko karya Bushing
Yin simintin gyare-gyare yana samun siffa mai muni, amma na ƙarshe Injin CNC ya bayyana aikin. Haƙuri layi ɗaya ne kawai akan zane. Don bushing, ingancin saman yana da mahimmanci. Dole ne tsarin injin ɗin ya ƙasƙantar da kaddarorin kayan da aka haɓaka yayin simintin gyare-gyare da magani mai zafi.
Dauki hazo-hardened nickel gami kamar Inconel 718. Yana samun ƙarfinsa daga wani takamaiman yanayin maganin zafi. Ƙunƙarar ƙira na iya haifar da isasshen zafi na gida zuwa ga abin da ke cikin yankin ya wuce shekaru, yana haifar da tabo mai laushi. Tsawon daji na iya samun cikakken girma amma ya gaza a ƙarƙashin kaya saboda wannan raunin da aka keɓe. ƙwararren masani, ko shago mai haɗaɗɗen simintin gyare-gyare da gyare-gyare kamar QSY, ya san yin amfani da kaifi, kayan aiki na musamman, matsi mai ƙarfi, da wucewar haske mai ƙarewa don adana mashin.
Sa'an nan kuma akwai ƙarewa. Ƙarshen madubi ba koyaushe ya fi kyau ba. Don kurmin daji da ake nufi don riƙe mai, ana buƙatar takamaiman ƙirar ƙyanƙyashe. Ga wanda ke aiki bushe ko tare da ingantaccen mai mai na fim, matsakaicin rashin ƙarfi na daban (Ra) shine mafi kyau. Sadar da wannan aikin da ake buƙata ga ƙungiyar mashin ɗin yana da mahimmanci. Kawai sanya Ra 0.4 akan zane na iya zama kuskure.
Farashin vs. Rayuwa: Ƙididdigar Gaskiya
Babban turawa akan musamman gami bushings kullum kudin. Cobalt-alloy bushing guda ɗaya na iya kashe 50x daidai da ƙarfen carbon ɗin sa. Ƙirƙirar wannan azaman farashi shine yadda kuke rasa hujja. Lissafin shine jimlar farashin mallaka: farashi na sashi + aikin shigarwa + lokacin injin don maye gurbin + asarar samarwa a lokacin raguwa.
Na yi aiki a kan ci gaba da yin nadi a cikin injin niƙa na ƙarfe. Asalin bushings ya dau kusan makonni 6 a cikin babban zafi, mahalli mai ɗaukar nauyi. Kwanan lokaci don maye gurbin su shine sa'o'i 12, wanda ya kashe adadi shida a cikin abubuwan da aka rasa. Mun canza zuwa simintin simintin gyare-gyare na nickel-chromium-boron gami da bushing. Kudin rukunin ya kasance mai ban mamaki. Amma sun dade sama da watanni 18. An ƙididdige ROI a cikin makonni, ba shekaru ba. Makullin shine tabbatar da rayuwa, wanda ke buƙatar ƙaramin rukunin matukin jirgi da tsauraran matakan sa ido a cikin wurin. Babu wanda ya sayi waɗannan akan alkawarin ƙasidar.
Wannan shi ne inda haɗin gwiwa tare da masana'anta hadedde a tsaye yana biyan kuɗi. Kamfanin da ke sarrafa simintin gyare-gyare, magani mai zafi, da injina a cikin gida, kamar ayyukan da aka bayyana a Kayan aikin QSY, na iya ba da ƙarin abin dogaro da hasashen aiki da rayuwa saboda suna sarrafa dukkan sarkar mai canzawa. Sun kuma ga abin da ke faruwa lokacin da aka tura sassansu zuwa iyaka a fagen, wanda ke sanar da mafi kyawun sarrafa tsari a cikin shagon.
Kammalawa Ba tare da Kammalawa ba
Babu babban wasan karshe a nan. Ƙayyadewa da kera ingantacciyar gawa ta musamman motsa jiki a cikin sarrafa cinikin da ɓoyayyun sauye-sauye. Yana da game da zabar dangin gami da ya dace, sannan daidaita tsarin simintin gyare-gyare da na'ura zuwa waccan ƙayyadaddun abubuwan haɗin gwal don takamaiman aikace-aikacen. Yana da game da zayyana tsarin kewaye da daji, ba kawai daji a keɓe ba. Kuma game da nemo mai ƙirƙira wanda ya fahimci halayen kayan aiki tun daga narke har zuwa yanke na ƙarshe, wanda zai iya zama abokin shawara, ba kawai mai ba da oda ba. Takardun kayan aiki shine farkon tattaunawar, ba ƙarshen sa ba. An rubuta ainihin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai a cikin wasan kwaikwayon a kan ginin masana'anta, tsawon lokaci bayan an rufe odar siyan.
