Lokacin da yawancin mutane suka ji 'bangaren bakin karfe,' suna kwatanta wani abu mai sheki, mai tsatsa, kuma a zahiri, ɗan ƙanƙanta. Wannan shine kuskuren farko. A cikin shagon mu, shine wurin farawa don tambayoyi ɗari. Wane daraja? Don wane yanayi? Menene ainihin farashin wannan tag na 'free-machining'? Na ga zane-zane da yawa kawai ƙayyadaddun 'stainless' kuma suna barin mu mu yi hasashe, wanda kusan koyaushe yana haifar da ciwon kai - ko dai a cikin injina ko a fagen. Ba abu ne kawai ba; sadaukarwa ce ga takamaiman saitin kaddarorin, kuma samun wannan kuskuren yana da tsada.
Daraja shine Tsarin Tsarin
Ba za ku iya magana game da a bakin karfe part ba tare da nutsewa cikin maki nan da nan ba. 304 da 316 shine yaƙin gargajiya, amma an fi sauƙaƙa shi. Mun kera rukunin gidaje na firikwensin daga 304 sau ɗaya don aikace-aikacen bakin teku. Takaddun bayanai sun ce 'lalata resistant.' Ya kasance, kusan watanni takwas. Daga nan aka fara rami. Abokin ciniki ya fusata, amma ƙayyadaddun bayanai ba su da tabbas. Ya kamata mu koma baya, shawarar 316L don bayyanar chloride. Yanzu muna neman takardar muhalli a gaba. Ba shi da wahala; shi ne game da sanya bangaren ya tsira daga aikinsa.
Sannan akwai tatsuniyar machinability. 303 ana kiransa 'free-machining' saboda dalili, amma ya zo tare da ciniki. Juriyar lalatarsa ba ta kai 304 ba, kuma ga sassan da ke buƙatar walda, zaɓi mara kyau ne. Muna amfani da shi don babban girma, hadaddun bakin karfe part yana gudana inda kowane daƙiƙa akan CNC ya ƙidaya, amma bayan tabbatar da cewa ba a buƙatar walƙiya ko bayyanar sinadarai mai tsanani. Ayyukan daidaitawa tsakanin ingancin shago da aikin sashi.
Don matsananciyar damuwa ko matsayi mai zafi, muna matsawa cikin jerin 400 ko matakan hazo-hardening kamar 17-4PH. Wato daban ne. Zagayowar maganin zafi yana da mahimmanci. Mun taɓa samun batch na 17-4PH masu kunna wuta suna fitowa tare da taurin da ba daidai ba saboda tanda mai zafi yana da wuri mai sanyi. Sassan sun wuce dubawa na yau da kullun amma sun gaza a gwajin gajiya. Darasi? Sarrafa dukan sarkar tsari, ko aiki tare da abokan haɗin gwiwa waɗanda ke yin, ba za a iya sasantawa ba don abubuwan da ke da mahimmanci.
Inda Casting Ya Haɗu da Machining
Wannan shi ne inda kamfanonin da zurfin gano kwarewa, kamar Fasahar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan (QSY), suna da ban mamaki. Ba kowa ba bakin karfe part yana farawa azaman ƙaƙƙarfan toshe akan gadon CNC. Don hadaddun geometries, musamman waɗanda ke da sassan ciki ko sifofin halitta, ƙirar harsashi ko simintin saka hannun jari galibi ya fi wayo. Kuna samun kusa-net-siffa, wanda ke nufin ƙarancin sharar kayan abu da ƙarancin lokacin injina. Shekarunsu uku a cikin yin simintin gyare-gyare suna nufin sun fahimci yadda za a ƙirƙira ƙirar don rage girman ƙazanta a cikin bakin - lahani na yau da kullun wanda kawai ke nunawa yayin injin ƙarshe ko gwajin matsa lamba.
Sashin hannu daga simintin gyare-gyare zuwa injina shine lokacin yin-ko-karya. Yin simintin gyare-gyare yana ba da tsari mara kyau, amma injinan CNC yana ba da daidaito. Yi la'akari da jikin bawul ko famfo impellers. Sashin simintin gyare-gyare yana da ainihin hanyar kwarara; aikin CNC yana haifar da saman rufewa, ramukan kulle-kulle, da madaidaicin juriya. Idan matakan biyu suna ƙarƙashin rufin ɗaya, kamar a QSY, masu injinan na iya ba da amsa ga ƙungiyar ganowa nan take. Wannan rukunin yana aiki da ƙarfi akan kayan aikin, shin zamu iya daidaita ƙarar? Wannan haɗin kai yana hana abubuwa da yawa da aka ɓata da lokaci.
Na tuna wani aiki don sarrafa kayan abinci. Abokin ciniki yana son ɓangaren yanki 316L guda ɗaya tare da haɗaɗɗen mashigai masu yawa. Niƙa shi daga daskararru zai zama sharar gida 80%. Mun yi aiki tare da ƙungiyar su kan hanyar saka hannun jari. Samfurin farko yana da ɗan ɗan yaƙi, yana zubar da jeri na tashar jiragen ruwa. Saboda ƙungiyar mashin ɗin suna cikin madauki ɗaya, sun canza ƙirar ƙirar don lissafin warpage a cikin simintin, ajiye tsari. Magani ne wanda kawai ya fito daga haɗin kai tsaye.
Iblis a cikin Cikakkun Machining
Machining bakin karfe baya kama aikin injin karfe. Yana aiki-hardens. Yi sannu a hankali tare da kayan aiki maras ban sha'awa, kuma da gaske kuna ƙirƙira wani yanayi mai tauri wanda zai lalata izinin wucewar kayan aikinku na gaba. Tsarin ciyarwa da saurin gudu jagora ne, ba littafi mai tsarki ba. Zaɓin sanyi yana da mahimmanci sosai. Mun karkata zuwa ga high-lubricity roba sanyaya ga bakin. Manufar shine a kiyaye yanke sanyi da fitar da kwakwalwan kwamfuta da sauri don hana sake walda zuwa kayan aikin.
Geometry na kayan aiki yana da mahimmanci. Kyakkyawan rake, kaifi mai kaifi, da mai rufin carbide sune ma'auni a gare mu. Amma ga kogo masu zurfi ko katsewar yanke a cikin wani bakin karfe part, ƙila za ku buƙaci kayan aiki mafi ƙarfi tare da maɗauri mai ƙarfi. Gwaji ne akai-akai. Muna da aljihun tebur na kayan aiki da aka gwada da kasa don takamaiman ayyuka marasa ƙarfi. Wannan aljihun tebur ya fi kowane littafi daraja.
Sannan akwai damuwa. Yin aiki mai nauyi na iya haifar da damuwa na saura, wanda zai haifar da murdiya daga baya, musamman a cikin sassan sirara. Muna jera ayyuka don gwadawa da daidaita waɗannan matsalolin. Wani lokaci, wucewa mai taurin kai, damuwa-taimakon damuwa, sannan ƙarewa ita ce kawai hanyar da za a iya jurewa. Yana da hankali, amma daidai ne. Tsallake wancan matakin don garantin juyowa da sauri yana nufin za ku sake yin sashin lokacin da ya fado kan layin taron abokin ciniki.
Rashin gazawa wurin bayanai ne
Kowa yana da labaran yaki. Ɗayan namu ya haɗa da jerin flanges don skid na sinadarai. An ƙera su da kyau daga hannun jari na 316L, sun wuce duk bincikenmu. Wata daya bayan shigarwa, mun sami kira: gashin gashin gashi a kusa da ramukan kulle. Binciken gazawar ya yi nuni ga lalatawar damuwa na chloride. Yanayin yana da alamar chlorides a yanayin zafi mai zafi, hadari mai kyau. Kayan ya kasance daidai a fasaha, amma ƙirar ɓangaren yana da babban matsuguni na damuwa. Gyaran ya kasance sake tsarawa don rage tashin hankali da kuma matsawa zuwa bakin karfe mai daraja mafi girma na wannan tsari. Ya kasance darasi mai ban tsoro a cikin tunanin tsarin - kayan, ƙira, da yanayin sabis tsarin ɗaya ne.
Wani ƙwarewar ilmantarwa shine tare da ƙare saman. Abokin ciniki yana buƙatar diamita masu santsi na ciki don aikace-aikacen tsabta. Mun sami babban gamawar Ra, amma ƙaramin ɗan kwangilar lantarki bai cire cikakkiyar kololuwar ƙarami daga hanyar kayan aiki ba, yana barin yuwuwar wuraren tashar jiragen ruwa na kwayan cuta. Yanzu ba mu ƙididdige lambar Ra kawai ba, amma hanyar goge baki har ma da tsarin abrasive lokacin da aikace-aikacen ke da hankali. Ba a yin sashe har sai ya yi aiki a cikin duniyar da aka nufa.
Waɗannan gazawar suna tilasta muku duba fiye da bugu. Suna sa ku yi tambayoyi masu ban haushi da wuri. Menene ainihin abin taɓawa? Menene zagayowar zafin jiki? Akwai jijjiga, lanƙwasa, hulɗar galvanic? Wannan tunani shine ke raba mai siyar da sashe da abokin haɗin gwiwar masana'anta. Shine abin da kuka haɓaka sama da shekaru 30, a matsayin ƙungiyar a QSY zai shaida. Ayyukansu tare da gami na musamman kamar na tushen nickel don matsananciyar yanayi kawai yana ƙarfafa wannan - kowane abu yana da ƙa'idodin ɓoye.
Layin Ƙarshe Na Gaskiya
Don haka, me ke kawo nasara bakin karfe part? Ba wai kawai buga girma akan zane ba. Sashe ne wanda aka yi shi daga ma'auni mafi dacewa, ta hanyar mafi kyawun tsari (ko na yin simintin gyare-gyare, na'ura daga ƙwaƙƙwaran, ko kuma gauraye), wanda aka ƙera shi tare da fahimtar ƙayyadaddun kayan, kuma an inganta shi don takamaiman manufa. Sama mai sheki shine mataki na ƙarshe, ba manufa ba.
Darajar dillali na dogon lokaci yana cikin wannan cikakkiyar ra'ayi. Lokacin da kuke aiki tare da masana'anta wanda kuma ya kware wajen yin simintin gyare-gyare, kamar haɗaɗɗen ƙirar harsashi, simintin saka hannun jari, da sabis na injin CNC da ake bayarwa, ba kawai lokacin siyan inji bane. Kuna siyan tarin bayanai na abin da ke aiki da abin da ba ya aiki - aljihun aljihun kayan aikin da suka gaza, sakamakon binciken su na zafi, ƙwaƙwalwar su wanda ƙirar flange ta fashe.
A ƙarshe, ɓangaren da ke kan shiryayye abu ne kawai. Sanin yadda za a iya dogara da tattalin arziki samar da shi, akai-akai, a karkashin yanayi na ainihi, shine ainihin samfurin. Abin da muke sayarwa ke nan. Bakin shine kawai zane.
