Lokacin da kuka ji 'bangaren simintin ƙarfe', yawancin masu hankali suna tsalle kai tsaye zuwa siffa ta ƙarshe - lissafin lissafi akan zane. Wannan shine kuskuren farko. Ainihin bangaren ba wai kawai siffa ba ne; shi ne gaba dayan tarihin narkakkar karfen, yanayin ƙirar, yanayin sanyaya da ke kulle a ciki, da kuma aikin hannu da ba a kula da shi sau da yawa wanda ke zuwa bayan girgizawa. Canjin abu ne tare da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, ba sauƙaƙan kwafi-manna daga CAD ba.
Wasan Shell: Fiye da Yashi Kawai
Ɗauki simintin gyare-gyaren harsashi, ɗaya daga cikin ainihin hanyoyin mu a QSY. Mutane suna tunanin shi ne kawai game da mafi kyawun ƙarewa, kuma shine - muna magana ne game da Ra 6.3 zuwa 12.5 μm kai tsaye daga cikin mold. Amma ainihin abin da ke faruwa shine a cikin rushewar yashi mai ɗaure da guduro. Don hadaddun sashin simintin karfe tare da tashoshi na ciki ko sassan siraran bango, idan harsashi bai yi daidai ba yayin sanyaya, kuna samun hawaye masu zafi. Ba fashewar da kuke gani nan da nan ba, amma lafiya, raunin gashin gashi wanda ke nunawa kawai a ƙarƙashin gwajin matsa lamba ko machining. Mun koyi wannan hanya mai wuyar shekaru baya akan jerin gidajen famfo. Cikakken girma, kyakkyawan ƙarewa, amma ƙimar gazawar 30% a cikin gwajin ruwa. Mai laifi? Ƙirƙirar harsashi ya yi ƙarfi sosai don ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfe na ƙarfe. Dole ne mu sake buga abun ciki na guduro don wannan takamaiman aikin, muna sadaukar da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfin ƙirar farko don ingantacciyar haɗuwa. Ba saitin ɗaya ya dace da duka ba.
Kuma tsarin gating na harsashi molds ne daban-daban dabba. Saboda ƙirar yana da siriri kuma daidai, ƙarfe yana gudana da sauri, yana sanyi da sauri. Ba za ku iya amfani da lissafin riser iri ɗaya kamar yadda za ku yi don ƙaƙƙarfan koren yashi ba. Mu sau da yawa muna amfani da ƙarami, mafi yawan hawan hawan da aka sanya kusa da sassa masu kauri. Ya dubi ɗan littafin rubutu, amma yana aiki. Manufar ita ce ciyar da raguwa ba tare da ƙirƙirar manyan cibiyoyin zafi waɗanda suka zama yankuna masu rarrabewa ba. Wani lokaci, mafi kyawun bayani akan software na kwaikwaiyo yana buƙatar ƙwaƙƙwaran tweak mai banƙyama akan bene mai tushe.
Zaɓin kayan abu anan yana da mahimmanci kuma. Shell gyare-gyare yana aiki da kyau tare da carbon da ƙananan ƙarfe. Amma lokacin da muka shiga wasu ma'auni masu ƙarfi, masu kashewa da fushi, saurin sanyin da ke tattare da harsashi na bakin ciki na iya haifar da taurin sama fiye da yadda ake so a cikin wuraren bakin ciki, yana mai da injin ɗin na gaba ya zama mafarki mai ban tsoro. Dole ne ku sanya simintin simintin simintin simintin gyare-gyare tun daga farko, wani lokacin har ma da daidaita abubuwan ƙarfe kaɗan tare da injin niƙa don rama takamaiman zagayowar zafinmu. Zance ne, ba oda kawai ba.
Simintin Zuba Jari: Madaidaici a farashi (na Complexity)
Simintin saka hannun jari, ko rasa-kakin zuma, shine inda kuke samun waɗancan mu'ujiza na kusa-nau'i-nau'i. Haƙuri tsakanin ± 0.005 inci kowace inch mai yiwuwa ne. Amma kalmar mai yiwuwa tana yin ayyuka da yawa. Tsarin alluran ƙirar kakin zuma da kansa yana gabatar da sauye-sauye - zazzabin allura, matsa lamba, zazzabi mai mutu. Canjin digiri kaɗan na iya canza raguwar kakin zuma, wanda ke yaduwa kai tsaye zuwa cikin harsashi yumbu, kuma a ƙarshe zuwa cikin ƙarfe. Mun taba shafe makonni biyu muna bin wani faifan ɗigon ruwa a kan ɓangaren bawul ɗin bakin karfe. Duk abin da ke cikin tsari ya kasance cikin ƙayyadaddun bayanai. A ƙarshe, mun kalli yanayin. Ya kasance makon bazara mai sanyi. Siffofin kakin zuma suna ɗaukar danshi daga iska tsakanin allura da haɗuwa, kumburi ya ɗan ɗanɗana. Gyaran? Shirye-shiryen sarrafa yanayi don bishiyar kakin zuma. Ƙananan, daki-daki marasa fasaha tare da ɗimbin sakamako na fasaha.
Tsarin ginin harsashi a cikin simintin saka hannun jari fasaha ce ta yadudduka. Kowane slurry tsoma, kowane aikace-aikace na stucco yashi, yana rinjayar iyawar harsashi na ƙarshe da ƙarfinsa. Mai yuwuwa sosai, kuma ƙarfe na iya shiga, yana haifar da ƙasa mai tsauri. Yayi yawa sosai, kuma kuna haɗarin fashewar harsashi yayin ƙonewar zafi mai zafi ko zuba. Don mai mahimmanci sashin simintin karfe kamar injin injin turbine ko bangaren dasa shuki na likitanci, zamu iya amfani da wani abu na daban don gashin farko (fuskar) -watakila zirconia maimakon silica - don inertness mafi kyawun sinadarai a kan gabobin ƙarfe mai amsawa. Wannan baya cikin ƙasidar daidaitaccen; an gina shi daga shekaru na gwaji da kuskure, da ƴan tarkace masu tsada.
Sannan akwai dewaxing. Steam autoclave abu ne na kowa, amma ga manyan gungu ko hadaddun, ana amfani da harbe-harbe. Yi kuskuren wannan matakin, kuma harsashi ya tsage daga kakin zuma mai faɗaɗa tarko. Harsashi mai fashe ba koyaushe yana nufin zubewar ƙarfe da ake iya gani ba; wani lokacin yana haifar da fins ko veining a saman simintin gyaran kafa. Wataƙila ba za ku gan shi ba sai bayan an kashe yumbura. Shi ya sa rajistan ayyukan sarrafawa ga kowane gungu zinariya ne. Kuna buƙatar gano baya. Shin yanayin matsi na autoclave ya saba da wannan ranar? Shin zafin tari kafin cirewa ya yi daidai? Aikin bincike ne.
CNC Machining: Inda Simintin Fitar Da Gaskiya Ya Fito
Wannan shine inda simintin gyare-gyaren ka'idar ya gamu da mugun nufi. A sashin simintin karfe ba daidaitaccen toshe ba ne na kayan billet. Yanke na farko ya gaya muku komai. Sautin kayan aiki, launi na guntu, yadda ruwan yankan ke gudana. Muna gudanar da namu CNC machining division a cikin-gida daidai domin wannan amsa madauki. Ba za ku iya raba simintin gyare-gyare da injina ba idan kuna son daidaito.
Kalubale na farko shine kafa datum. A ina kuke karban sifilin ku a kan m, simintin da aka yi? Mu sau da yawa muna jefa a kan ƙananan, filaye masu tasowa akan filaye marasa mahimmanci musamman don sarrafa datums. Ana sarrafa su a mataki na ƙarshe. Idan ba ku shirya wannan ba a cikin ƙirar ƙirar, kuna tilasta mashin ɗin don nemo ɓangaren, wanda ke gabatar da bambancin. Na ga sassa da aka goge saboda simintin gyare-gyaren ya ɗan canza kaɗan a cikin ƙirar, kuma ba tare da amintaccen kushin datum ba, mashin ɗin ya gundura ramukan da aka buga a fasaha amma ɓangaren ya zama mara aiki.
Abubuwan da ke ɓoye suna bayyana kansu a nan. Karamin raguwar porosity, ganuwa ga X-ray idan micro ne, zai sa kayan aiki suyi magana ko ma karye lokacin da ya kai ga wannan wurin. Wuri mai wuya daga saurin sanyaya zai ƙare abin saka carbide a cikin daƙiƙa. Mashinan mu sune masu duba ingancin ƙarshe. Suna shigar da waɗannan gamuwa: Kayan aiki sun sa wuce gona da iri akan fuskar B, suna zargin bambancin taurin gida. Wannan log ɗin yana komawa ga masanin ƙarfe na ƙarfe. Watakila muna buƙatar canza zafin zuɓi ko wuri mai tashi don yankin. Wannan haɗaɗɗiyar hanya a QSY ita ce abin da ke juya kyakkyawan simintin gyare-gyare zuwa abin dogara, abin da za a iya amfani da shi. Ba sihiri ba ne; sadarwa ce, gasa a cikin aiki na shekaru 30.
Kuma gyarawa. Yin aikin simintin gyare-gyare ba kamar aikin walda ba ne. Ba za ku iya murƙushe ƙasa da ƙarfi ba. Simintin gyare-gyare na da saura danniya. Matsawa fiye da kima na iya rikitar da sashin a zahiri, don haka kuna injina ya yi murabba'i kawai don ya fita daga haƙuri da zarar an sake shi. Muna amfani da maganin rage damuwa kafin yin injina don sassa masu mahimmanci, kuma muna tsara kayan aiki waɗanda ke riƙe da ƙarfi amma suna ba da izinin ɗan motsi na halitta. Wani lokaci, kuna ɗaukar fas ɗin roughing, sassauta maƙallan, bar shi ya shakata, sake jujjuyawa, sannan ku tafi don wucewar ƙarewa. Yana ɗaukar ƙarin lokaci, amma yana adana ɓangaren.
Karfe Ba Karfe Ne Kawai ba
Ƙayyadaddun ƙarfe ba shi da ma'ana. Muna magana 1020 low carbon? 4340 Alloy karfe? 17-4 PH bakin ciki? Ko manyan dauloli na Bakin Duplex ko na tushen cobalt kamar Stellite 6? Kowannensu yana yin kama da dabba daban-daban a cikin ginin. The sashin simintin karfe don slurry famfo sanye da farantin karfe a cikin wani cobalt-chromium gami yana da kusan kome ba a gama, tsari-hikima, tare da 1045 carbon karfe kaya blank.
Karfe na carbon suna da ɗan gafartawa, amma suna da saurin raguwa kuma suna buƙatar ciyarwa mai ƙarfi. Ƙananan ƙananan ƙarfe kamar 4140 suna da mafi kyawun ƙarfi, wanda yake da kyau ga kaddarorin ƙarshe amma zai iya haifar da fashewa yayin sanyaya idan ƙirar ƙirar ta kasance mai tsauri. Bakin Karfe na Austenitic (304, 316) suna da ƙimar raguwa mai yawa-kusan sau biyu na carbon karfe-kuma suna da saurin yagewa. Dole ne a tsara tsarin ƙofofin su don rage ƙarancin zafi. Zuba zafin jiki ya fi ƙarfi; zafi sosai, kuma kuna samun babban rarrabuwa da manyan hatsi; yayi sanyi sosai, kuma hazo yana gudana ko sanyi yana rufewa.
Sannan kuna da maki-hardening hazo kamar 17-4 PH. Kyawawan kaddarorin ƙarshe, amma aikin simintin dole ne ya kasance mai tsafta sosai don guje wa haɗawa da ke zama abubuwan damuwa. Kuma maganin zafi bayan aikin injin ba zai yiwu ba; Ba ku samun cikakkun bayanai ba tare da shi ba. Mu sau da yawa muna yin maganin maganin (Sharadi A) bayan m machining, sa'an nan na karshe inji, sa'an nan da tsufa magani. Rawar zafin zafi ce da cire kayan. Samun kuskure yana nufin ɓangaren da yake auna daidai amma zai gaza da wuri a filin. Kwarewar mu tare da gami na musamman a cikin shekarun da suka gabata yana nufin muna da waɗannan ka'idoji - galibi an ƙirƙira su don takamaiman aikace-aikacen abokin ciniki - har zuwa kari.
Kasawa a Matsayin Malami: Tarihin Yakin Scrap
Ba ka koyo daga cikakken zube. Kuna koyi da waɗanda ba daidai ba. A farkon lokacina a nan, muna da oda don manyan maƙallan baƙin ƙarfe mai kauri mai kauri—ka'idodi iri ɗaya sun shafi ƙarfe. Sun ci gaba da fashe a yankin yanar gizo bayan maganin zafi. Kyawawan simintin gyare-gyare, sannan ping - fashewa. Mun zargi zagayowar maganin zafi da farko. Bayan bincike na ƙarfe, laifin yana cikin yin simintin gyare-gyaren da kansa: ƙananan ƙaƙƙarfan porosity wanda ya yi aiki azaman mai ƙaddamarwa. Masu tashi sun yi girma sosai, amma an sanya su ba daidai ba. Suna ciyar da saman sashin, amma porosity yana samuwa a cikin wani wuri mai zafi a wurin da aka rasa simulation. Dole ne mu ƙara ƙarami, sanyi na waje-wani gunkin jan karfe da aka saka a cikin bangon ƙirƙira—don tilasta mahadar ta yi ƙarfi da farko. An warware matsalar. Yanzu, ga kowane kauri, juzu'i mai tsaka-tsaki, muna tunanin sanyi a hankali yayin da muke tunanin tashi.
Wani classic: misruns a kan sassan bakin ciki. Zane ya kira bangon 3mm a wani yanki. Kuna zuba, kuma sashin bai cika ba. Amsar mai sauƙi ita ce ƙara yawan zafin jiki. Amma hakan na iya haifar da wasu batutuwa kamar yashi kone-kone ko manyan hatsi. Wani lokaci mafi kyawun amsar ita ce ƙara yawan zafin jiki na gida ta wurin sanya sashin kusa da ƙofar ko ma yin amfani da hannayen rigar exothermic a kusa da wasu sassa na tsarin gating don kiyaye ruwan ƙarfe ya dade a cikin takamaiman hanyar. Yana da game da jagorancin zafi, ba kawai ƙara ƙarin duniya ba.
Waɗannan darussa ba sa cikin yawancin littattafan karatu. An rubuta su a cikin farashin tarkacen karfe da jinkirin isarwa. Suna tilasta maka ka kalli tsarin gabaɗayan - ƙirar, ƙira, ƙarfe, ƙimar sanyaya, shakeout, tsaftacewa, mashin ɗin - azaman tsari guda ɗaya. Canje-canje a mataki na ɗaya yana ci gaba zuwa mataki goma. Wannan shine ainihin sana'ar yin a sashin simintin karfe. Ba jerin ayyuka ba ne; canji ne mai ci gaba da kuke ƙoƙarin kiwo zuwa ga ƙarshe mai nasara. Kuma wasu kwanaki, karfe yana da nasa ra'ayoyin. Dole ne ku saurara a kusa lokaci na gaba.
