Lokacin da kuka ji 'daidaicin sassan simintin ƙarfe', yawancin masu hankali suna tsalle kai tsaye zuwa juriya da takaddun shaida. Maganar ƙasida kenan. Ainihin labarin, wanda ke ƙayyade idan wani sashi yana aiki ko ya kasa a kan bene na tsawon shekaru, yana farawa bayan bayanan da aka ba da izini. Yana da game da sasantawar da ba a faɗi ba tsakanin ingantacciyar lissafi da kuma simintin gyare-gyare, da dabarar rubutun simintin simintin gyare-gyaren da ke shafar rayuwar gajiya, da kuma martanin maganin zafi na takamaiman zafin karfe wanda babu daidaitattun kamanni. Na ga zane-zane da yawa waɗanda suka yi kama da cikakke a cikin CAD amma suna da mafarki mai ban tsoro ga ƙofa da tashi, yana haifar da raguwar ciki wanda kawai ke nunawa a ƙarƙashin X-ray ko, mafi muni, cikin sabis. Madaidaicin ba kawai a cikin ma'auni ba; an saka shi a cikin dukkan sarkar tsari, tun daga tsarin kakin zuma na farko zuwa harbin harbi na karshe.
Ƙaunar Sauya-In
Tarkon gama gari, musamman ga injiniyoyin kulawa, yana ɗaukar madaidaicin sassa na simintin gyare-gyare a matsayin kai tsaye, masu maye gurbin ƙirƙira ko ƙirƙira. Buga mai girma na iya daidaitawa, amma ambulaf ɗin aikin na iya bambanta sosai. Ɗauki famfo mai sauƙi. Na jabu yana da kwararar hatsi yana bin kwandon ruwa, yana ba da babban juriya ga zaizawa. A karfe madaidaicin simintin gyaran kafa na siffar iri ɗaya yana da tsarin hatsi daidai gwargwado. Idan ba ku lissafta wannan a cikin zaɓin kayan ku-watakila za ku zaɓi mafi girman daraja na bakin ƙarfe kamar CA-15 maimakon daidaitaccen 304-za ku sami gazawar da ba ta kai ba a cikin sabis na ɓarna. Yin simintin gyare-gyare yana ba ku ƙaƙƙarfan siffa mai ban mamaki, amma kuna cinikin wasu ƙarfin kwatance. Dole ne ku tsara don tsarin simintin gyare-gyare, ba kawai tare da girmansa ba.
Mun koyi wannan hanya mai wuya shekaru baya tare da ɓangaren bawul ɗin abokin ciniki. Ya kasance mai maye gurbin sashin injin. Mun buga duk matakan tabo ta amfani da simintin saka hannun jari. Amma aikace-aikacen tururi ne mai ƙarfi. Sashin injina na asali yana da ramukan rage damuwa waɗanda ke da sauƙin niƙa amma abin tsoro don jefa ba tare da ƙirƙirar wurare masu zafi ba. Mun jefa shi kamar yadda aka buga, kuma ya wuce gwajin gwajin ruwa. Amma a cikin hawan keken zafi, ƙananan fasa-bugu sun fara ne daga waɗancan kusurwoyi masu kaifi na ciki - haɗarin lahani na yau da kullun da muka yi alama amma an gaya mana mu ci gaba. Bai yi kasa a gwiwa ba, amma ya fara kuka bayan wasu zagayowar. Gyaran ba don inganta simintin ba; za su zauna tare da injiniyan su da dabara su sake tsara bayanan tsagi zuwa radius mafi kyawu, suna sadaukar da ɗan asalin ainihin niyya don samun riba mai yawa cikin dorewa. Wannan shine haɗin gwiwar da ke bayyana ainihin ainihin.
Wannan shi ne inda gwanintar kafuwar ya zama ba za'a iya sasantawa ba. Shago kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), tare da shekaru talatin da suka yi a cikin harsashi da zuba jari, sun ga waɗannan al'amuran sun kasance sau da yawa. Ƙimarsu ba kawai wajen yin itacen kakin zuma ba; yana cikin farkon DFM (Design for Manufacturability) martani. Lokacin da suka kalli zane, a hankali suna tafiya cikin ginin harsashi, zubewa, damuwa mai sanyaya. Wannan duba-ji da gani, wanda aka haifa daga shekarun da suka gabata na yin da gyarawa, shine abin da ke hana kurakurai masu tsada. Yana da game da jagorantar mai ƙira zuwa ɓangaren da ke aiki duka da kuma na asali.
Material Ba Darajoji Ne Kawai ba
Ƙayyadaddun 316 bakin karfe don a daidai gwargwado part shine kawai bude tayin. Wanne 316? Daidaitaccen narkewa? A low-carbon 316L ga lalata juriya bayan waldi? Ko sigar da aka gyara tare da kulawa mai ƙarfi akan abun ciki na ferrite don hana ɓarna lokacin sigma a cikin sabis na zafin jiki? Zaɓin gami yana samun ƙarin mahimmanci tare da na musamman. Muna da wani aiki don injin tanderun da ke buƙatar gami na tushen nickel. Buga ya ce Inconel 625. Kyau mai kyau. Amma ga wani ɓangaren da zai ga dorewar zafi tare da ɗaukar nauyi, ma'auni na simintin 625 bai fi kyau ba. Mun tura don ƙananan tweak a cikin aluminum da titanium abun ciki don mafi kyawun ƙarfin damuwa-karshewa, shawarar da ta zo kai tsaye daga mai aikin ƙarfe a ginin da muka haɗu da shi. Ya kara watakila 5% zuwa farashin kayan amma ya ninka rayuwar sabis. Wannan shine daidaito a matakin atomic.
Sannan akwai gaskiyar bayan yin wasan kwaikwayo. Daraja ɗaya daga tushe daban-daban guda biyu na iya yin hali daban bayan jiyya na zafi. Ya sauko zuwa aikin narkewa, deoxidation, har ma da yawan zafin jiki. Kamfanonin da suka kware a ciki simintin karfe da gami na musamman, kamar QSY da aka ambata a cikin iyakokinsu, za su sami nasu girke-girke da kuma kashe abubuwan da ake so na kafofin watsa labarai don buga kayan injin da ake buƙata akai-akai. Ba za ku iya ɗauka kawai simintin ƙarfe na 4140 zai buga 280 BHN ba bayan kashe littafin rubutu da fushi. Dole ne ku gwada shi, yanke takardun shaida daga masu gudu, kuma ku gwada. Ana kulle madaidaicin a cikin sarrafa tsari, ba kawai a cikin rahoton sunadarai ba.
Surface shine Injin
Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ba a kula da su ba na daidaitaccen ɓangaren simintin gyare-gyare na simintin gyare-gyaren karfe shine ƙarewar da aka yi da simintin gyare-gyare. Mutane sun damu da daidaiton girman kuma suna manta cewa rubutun saman shine layin gaba don lalata, gajiya, da lalacewa. Kyakkyawan simintin saka hannun jari ya kamata ya fito tare da ƙarancin ƙasa a kusa da Ra 3.2 μm ko mafi kyau, kai tsaye daga harsashi. Amma wannan matsakaita ne. Ƙarƙashin na'ura mai ma'ana, za ka iya ganin ɗan ƙarar oxide, rami na mintina, ko tasirin bawon lemu daga slurry yumbu. Ga jikin bawul ɗin ruwa, wannan yana da kyau. Don saman hatimi mai ƙarfi ko ɓangaren gajiya mai tsayi, ba haka bane.
Wannan shine inda haɗin kai tare da machining, wanda QSY ke nunawa tare da damar CNC su, yana da mahimmanci. Aiki na hakika na gani sau da yawa shine: simintin siffa kusa-net, barin mafi ƙarancin haja (sau da yawa kawai 0.5mm ko ma ƙasa da mahimmancin saman datum), sannan injin. Amma dabarar tana cikin jerin abubuwan. Kuna damuwa kafin yin aiki mai tsanani? Ta yaya kuke riƙe da simintin simintin banƙyama ba tare da jawo murdiya ba? Mun taɓa samun ɓangaren turbine shroud na bakin ciki. Yin wasan kwaikwayo ya yi kyau. Amma a lokacin da CNC clamping ga aron kusa rami hakowa, dan kadan matsa lamba karkatar da dukan profile. Mafita ita ce zayyana wani abu mai laushi, daidaitaccen tsari wanda ke goyan bayan gabaɗayan fuskar baya, wani abu da ƙungiyar injinan ta haɓaka tare da injiniyoyin simintin gyare-gyare. Wannan hannun riga tsakanin simintin gyare-gyare da injina ne ke raba yanki mai kyau da mai girma. Madaidaicin simintin gyare-gyare yana samun 95% a can; da fasaha machining da karewa ƙusa na 5% na ƙarshe wanda ke bayyana aminci.
Lokacin da Mai Kyau bai isa ba
Matsalolin kasuwanci koyaushe shine don rage farashi: amfani da ƙarancin abu, hawan keke mai sauri, gami mai rahusa. Amma tare da ɓangarorin madaidaicin gaskiya, farashin gazawar yana da yawa sosai wanda ya isa ya zama ma'auni mai haɗari. Yakan zo sau da yawa zuwa gwajin marasa lalacewa (NDT). Radiography (X-ray) misali ne na sassa masu mahimmanci. Amma kuna kallon yankunan da suka dace? Gine-gine ya kamata ya iya gaya muku, dangane da ƙirar gating, inda yuwuwar raguwar porosity ya fi faruwa. A nan ne kuke mayar da hankali kan hotunan ku na X-ray. Don fashe-fashe, duba mai shiga tsakani (FPI) yana da kyau, amma don kurakuran ƙasa a cikin manyan sassa masu inganci kamar na sararin samaniya ko na likitanci, kuna iya buƙatar gwajin ultrasonic.
Na tuna da tarin sassa na cobalt-chromium gami don na'urar likita. Sun wuce duban gani da gani. Amma yayin binciken yau da kullun, mun yanke shawarar yin ƙarin FPI akan samfurin. An sami tsinke gashin gashi kusa da wurin cire kofa akan wasu sassa. Tushen dalili? Ƙananan rashin daidaituwa a tsarin yin burodin harsashi wanda ke zagayowar, yana haifar da ƙaramin zafi mai zafi. Ba gazawar tsari ba ce, amma ta kashe duka rukunin. Kamfanonin sun ci kuɗin, ba shakka, amma babban darasi shine game da yin samfuri da tsare-tsare da tafiyar tuƙi. Ko da shekaru 30 na gwaninta, ba za ku iya samun gamsuwa ba. Kowane zafi, kowane harsashi, sabon abu ne. Ana kiyaye madaidaicin ta hanyar ladabtarwa mara karewa da rashin jin daɗi.
Haqiqa Ma'aunin Ma'auni
Don haka, menene alamar ƙarshe na babban matakin karfe madaidaicin simintin gyaran kafa? Ba labarin farko bane mai haske akan teburin taron. Yana da wasan kwaikwayon a cikin shekara ta 3, shekara ta 5. Yana da daidaito a fadin aikin samarwa na guda 10,000, inda sashi na 1 da sashi na 10,000 suka dace a cikin taro ɗaya tare da izini iri ɗaya, suna nuna juriya iri ɗaya, kuma suna ɗaukar kaya iri ɗaya. An haifi wannan daidaito daga balagagge, tsari mai sarrafawa da al'ada wanda ba ya yanke sasanninta.
Kamfanoni ne waɗanda suka ci gaba da zagayowar kasuwanci da yawa, waɗanda aka saka hannun jari a cikin fasahar sarrafa tsari kamar zuba masu lura da zafin jiki da masu kula da zafi harsashi, kuma, mafi mahimmanci, sun riƙe ƙwararrun masu yin ƙirar ƙira da masu sarrafa tanderu. Lokacin da kuke aiki tare da abokin tarayya kamar QSY, ba kawai kuna siyan jerin kayan aikin su ba. Kuna siyan ƙwaƙwalwar haɗin gwiwa na waɗannan shekaru 30-ƙwaƙwalwar abin da ke haifar da hazo a cikin sashe na bakin ciki, yadda wani allo na musamman ke gudana a cikin wani tsari mai rikitarwa, da yadda ake tweak da yanayin kula da zafi don takamaiman lissafi. Wannan shine madaidaicin madaidaicin da ba za ku iya sanyawa akan takarda takamammen ba amma shine bambanci tsakanin sashi da ingantaccen kadara.
A ƙarshe, ɓangaren kayan aikin jiki ne kawai. Ainihin samfurin shine tabbacin cewa zai yi. An gina wannan tabbaci daga haɗin kai na gaskiya, zurfin fahimtar kayan aiki, mutunta ƙwaƙƙwaran tsari, da ƙin yarda da yarda mai yiwuwa lafiya. A nan ne sana'ar gaskiya, da ƙimar gaske, a cikin madaidaicin simintin ƙarfe ke kwance.
