Tiyeni tikambirane za 310S zosapanga dzimbiri. Ndi imodzi mwamagiredi omwe amaponyedwa mozungulira kwambiri, nthawi zambiri ndi ulemu wolakwika. Anthu amamva kutentha kwambiri, mpweya wa okosijeni, ndikuganiza kuti ndi chipolopolo chamatsenga. Si. Ndi aloyi wosangalatsa, osandilakwitsa, koma magwiridwe ake amatengera chilengedwe komanso, mozama, momwe amapangidwira. Ndawonapo ma projekiti ambiri pomwe 310S idanenedwa molunjika, zomwe zimadzetsa kulephera kosayembekezereka kapena kuphulika kwa bajeti pomwe 314 kapena aloyi ya nickel yopangidwa mwaluso mwina inali kusewera mwanzeru. Kuchuluka kwa faifi tambala ndi chromium (25/20 mwadzina) kumapereka kukana kwakukulu kokulirapo, koma mawonekedwe omwewo amapangitsa kukhala chilombo kugwira ntchito ndi zida - zolimba pazida, makonda kugwira ntchito molimba, komanso chovuta kwambiri kuti muwotche popanda kuchititsa chidwi kapena kukulitsa gawo la sigma ngati simusamala ndi kutentha kwa kutentha ndi kutentha kwapambuyo. Izi sizinthu zamabuku; ndi zomwe mumaphunzira mutachotsa zidutswa zingapo.
Lonjezo la Aloyi vs. The Machining Reality
Kumene mumamva kusiyana ndi 310S chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ali pa lathe kapena mphero. Poyerekeza ndi 304 kapena 316, ndi ligi yosiyana. Mphamvu yotentha kwambiri imatanthawuza kuti sichimafewetsa kwambiri pansi pa kutentha kwa chida chodulira, kotero mukulimbana nayo nthawi zonse. Timagwira ntchito zambiri za CNC pano, ndipo pa 310S, nthawi yomweyo timasiya kuthamanga ndi kudyetsa. Simungathe kukhala waukali. Ngati muyesa kukankhira ngati chitsulo chochepa, mudzawotcha zoyikapo mumphindi. Takhazikika pamagiredi apadera a carbide okhala ndi ma geometries akuthwa, abwino komanso ma chipbreaker amphamvu. Zoziziritsa sizingakambirane—zoziziritsa madzi osefukira, ndipo zambiri, osati kungoziziritsa koma kuthandiza kuthyola ndikutulutsa tchipisi ta zingwe zolimba. Ngati tchipisi tayamba kukhala chisa cha mbalame, mukupempha kuti mudulidwenso ndikuwonongeka komaliza.
Ndikukumbukira gulu la mabulaketi ang'anjo omwe tidapanga kuchokera ku mbale ya 310S. Kusindikizaku kumafuna mipata yololera molimba komanso kumaliza bwino pamwamba. Kuyesa koyamba, tidagwiritsa ntchito magawo omwe adagwira ntchito ya 316L. Zotsatira zake? Kulankhula, kumaliza bwino, ndikuyika kulephera pa gawo loyamba. Tinayenera kubwerera m'mbuyo, kukhazikitsanso pulogalamu ndi SFM yotsika kwambiri, kuwonjezera chakudya pang'ono kuti tilowe pansi pa ntchito, ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zatsopano, zodzipatulira. Idawonjezera pafupifupi 40% ku nthawi yopangira makina, yomwe kasitomala sanasangalale nayo, koma zinali zimenezo kapena kupereka gawo lomwe lingalepheretse ntchito. Kufotokozera kuti woyendetsa mtengo ndi gawo la ntchito.
Chinyengo china ndi mmene zinthu zilili. Timapeza zathu 310S chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri bar ndi mbale kuchokera ku mphero zodziwika bwino, koma ngakhale pamenepo, mumapeza zosiyana. Mkhalidwe wa Annealed ndi wofunikira pamakina. Nthaŵi ina tinalandira katundu amene anali wooneka ngati wosanjikiza koma wopangidwa ndi makina ngati kuti anali ovuta theka. Macheke akuuma anali malire. Zinapezeka kuti mpheroyo idazimitsa, ndikusiya kupsinjika kotsalira. Tinayenera kukonzanso m'nyumba tisanapitirize, zomwe zinachedwetsa ntchito yonse. Tsopano, timayesa chitsanzo kuchokera pagulu lililonse latsopano pa opareshoni yaying'ono tisanapereke katundu wathunthu kumakina a CNC. Ndi gawo laling'ono, lowononga nthawi lomwe limapulumutsa mutu waukulu.
Kuganizira Zopangira: Sikungosungunuka ndi Kutsanulira
Ntchito yathu yoyambira ndi 310S nthawi zambiri imakhala kudzera pakupanga ndalama ndi kuumba zipolopolo pazinthu zovuta, zokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala monga ma nozzles, machubu owala, ndi zida zochizira kutentha. Njira yoponyera alloy iyi ndi pamene katundu wake wotentha kwambiri ndi lupanga lakuthwa konsekonse. Mufunika kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri zotsika—nthawi zambiri zimakankhira 1500°C kapena kupitirira apo. Izi zimafuna refractories apamwamba mu dongosolo nkhungu chipolopolo. Chovala cha nkhope ya zirconia-silica sichingadule; Nthawi zambiri timapanga silika wosakanikirana kapena kuphatikiza kwapadera kwa alumina-silicate kuti tipewe kuchita ndi nkhungu yachitsulo ndi zolakwika zapamtunda.
Makhalidwe a solidification ndi ovuta. Ili ndi nyengo yoziziritsa yayitali, yomwe imakhala yabwino kuti madzi azitha kudzaza mawonekedwe odabwitsa koma amapangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kung'ambika ndi kung'ambika ngati njira yolowera ndi yokwera sinapangidwe mwangwiro. Tidaphunzira izi movutirapo pakuyitanitsa koyambirira kwa ma pyrolysis tube hangers. Mapangidwewo anali ndi zosintha zina mwadzidzidzi. Ngakhale ndi chakudya chomwe tinkaganiza kuti chinali chokwanira, tidakhala ndi ming'alu yabwino m'malo osinthika amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kukonzaku kunaphatikizapo kukonzanso dongosolo kuti liphatikizepo kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono ndikugwiritsa ntchito zokwera kwambiri kuti zigawo zofunikira zisungunuke motalika, kulimbikitsa kukhazikika kolunjika. Inawonjezera mtengo wapatani, koma inali njira yokhayo yopezera nyimbo zomveka.
Kuchiza pambuyo poponya kutentha ndikofunikira kwambiri. As-cast 310S idzakhala ndi zomangira zokhala ndi tsankho ndipo mwina magawo ena achiwiri monga sigma ngati itakhazikika pang'onopang'ono m'magawo ena. Njira yothetsera kuziziritsa kwathunthu - yomwe imatenthetsa mpaka ° C kenako kuzimitsa mwachangu (madzi kapena mpweya wothamanga) - ndiyofunikira kuti musungunulenso ma carbides ndi intermetallics ndikubwezeretsanso mawonekedwe osasinthika, osafanana. Dumphani sitepe iyi, ndipo gawoli silingagwirizane ndi kutentha kwapamwamba komanso ductility ndizovuta. Makasitomala adafunsa ngati angalumphe ndalama kuti apulumutse mtengo pamawonekedwe osavuta. Yankho nthawi zonse ndi ayi ndithu. Deta ya katundu yomwe ili m'mapepala owerengeka imatengera njira yothetsera vutoli.
Msampha Wowotchera: Kumene Ntchito Zabwino Zimakhala Zoipa
Ngati pali gawo limodzi lomwe limayambitsa zolephera zambiri za 310S, ndikuwotcherera. Ndikosavuta kupeza chowotcherera chokongola chomwe chili chofooka kwambiri. Chodetsa nkhaŵa chachikulu ndi mvula ya carbide m'dera lomwe likukhudzidwa ndi kutentha (HAZ) - kudziwitsa. Ngakhale 310S ndi yolimba kwambiri kuposa 304 chifukwa cha chromium yapamwamba, sichitetezedwa, makamaka ngati chigawocho chidzawona nthawi yayitali mu 800-1000 ° F mu utumiki. Chitsulo chowotcherera chokha chiyeneranso kuchulukira. Nthawi zonse timagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo za 310 kapena 310H, koma ngakhale pamenepo, muyenera kuyang'ana nambala ya ferrite. Ndi zero, kutanthauza kuti weld ndi wokhazikika komanso amakonda kusweka ngati kudziletsa kuli kwakukulu.
Chitsanzo pankhaniyi: tidapereka ma 310S manifolds angapo kukampani yamafuta oxidizer. Iwo anali okongola ndalama castings, machined to spec. Sitolo ya kasitomalayo idawotcherera kukhala gulu lalikulu. Patatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, tidalandira foni: ming'alu idatuluka kuchokera ku zala zowotcherera. Kafukufuku adawonetsa zinthu zingapo: adagwiritsa ntchito 309 filler (yodziwika koma yosakwanira kutentha kwathunthu), kutentha kwa interpass kunali kokwera kwambiri, ndipo msonkhanowo udaletsedwa kwambiri. Chitsulo chowotcherera, chokhala ndi machulukidwe osiyanasiyana owonjezera amafuta komanso kutsika pang'ono m'malo otchingidwa, sichinathe kuthana ndi kupsinjika kwa kutentha panthawi yoyendetsa. Yankho lake linali njira yowotchereranso ndi kuwongolera kokhazikika pa kutentha kusanayambe (osati pamwamba kwambiri, kungokwanira kuteteza chinyezi), mikanda yaing'ono yowonjezera kutentha, ndi njira yomaliza ya msonkhano wonse-yomwe inali ntchito yaikulu ya ng'anjo. Linali phunziro lokwera mtengo kwa iwo chifukwa chake ma weld process specifications (WPS) alipo pazifukwa.
Pazopanga zathu, tsopano tikuumirira kuti muyenerere WPS pa chilichonse 310S chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kuwotcherera pa makulidwe akutiakuti. Zimaphatikizanso kulemba chilichonse: zitsulo zodzaza, zotchingira gasi (timawonjezera helium pang'ono nthawi zina kuti tilowe bwino pazigawo zokulirapo), amperage, voltage, liwiro laulendo, ndi magawo ochizira kutentha pambuyo pa weld. Ndi zolemba, koma ndi njira yokhayo yowonetsetsera kubwereza komanso kuteteza zomwe zinganene pambuyo pake.
Kupeza ndi Kufunika Kotsatira
Sikuti 310S onse amapangidwa mofanana. Kusiyana pakati pa chigayo chapamwamba kwambiri ndi wogulitsa kuchotsera nthawi zambiri sikumakhala mu chemistry pa cert - onse amakumana ndi ASTM A276 kapena A479 - koma mosasinthasintha, ukhondo wamkati, ndi kudalirika kwa chithandizo cha kutentha. Pazogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kutentha kwambiri, kusiyanasiyana pang'ono kwa silicon kapena cerium kumatha kukhudza kumamatira. Zotsatira zoyipa zimatha kufulumizitsa kuwonongeka. Tapanga ubale ndi anthu ochepa odalirika pazaka zambiri, ndipo timalipira ndalama zambiri. Ndizoyenera.
Apa ndipamene kulamulira kwathunthu kwa okondedwa kumafunikira. Pa shopu yathu, Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., kugwira aloyi monga chonchi ndi mbali ya DNA yathu patatha zaka makumi atatu. Sitikungodula kapena kusindikiza mpaka kusindikizidwa; tikuwongolera moyo wonse wazinthu kuyambira pa chigayo kupita ku gawo lomaliza. Za a 310S chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chigawo, zomwe zingatanthauze kuti tigule katundu wotsimikizika, kupanga makina a CNC molamulidwa, kenako perekani yankho ku sitolo yang'anjo yomwe tafufuza (kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zathu zing'onozing'ono), ndipo pamapeto pake timayesa NDT ngati kuyesa kwa utoto pamalo onse ovuta. Kuphatikizika koyima kumeneko - kapena kuphatikizika koyendetsedwa molimba - ndizomwe zimalepheretsa zolephera zomwe ndafotokoza kale. Simungangogula zinthu ndikuziponya pamalo ogulitsa makina. Mufunika wogulitsa amene amamvetsa zitsulo kumbuyo kwa malangizo Machining.
Ndimakumbukira kasitomala yemwe amafunikira chubu chowala cholowa m'malo mwa ng'anjo yoyaka moto. Iwo anali akugula kwa wopanga mageneric. Machubu anali kulephera msanga, akugwa komanso kusweka. Tinasanthula chidutswa cholephera. Chemistry inali itazimitsidwa (nickel yotsika), mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono adawonetsa ma network akulu a carbide, ndipo OD anali ndi misozi yopangira makina. Zinali zotsika mtengo zomwe zimawawonongera ndalama zambiri panthawi yopuma. Tidawapanga iwo seti yatsopano kuchokera ku 310S yosungidwa bwino ndi kukonzedwa, yokhala ndi kulolerana kolimba pakuwongoka ndi makulidwe a khoma. Zomaliza zomwe ndidamva, zomwe zidachitika kale zidapitilira katatu. Mtengo wam'mbuyo unali wokwera, koma mtengo wa umwini unali wotsika. Ndiko kuwerengera kwenikweni ndi zinthu monga izi.
Kumaliza Popanda Kumaliza: Ndi Chida, Osati Chithumwa
Chifukwa chake, ndiko kutaya kwaubongo pa 310S. Chotengera chachikulu si mndandanda wazinthu - mutha kuzipeza kuchokera m'buku lililonse. Ndiko kulongosola ndi kupanga ndi 310S chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri zimafuna kulemekezedwa kuzinthu zake. Sikulowa m'malo mwazitsulo zina za austenitic. Mtengo wake umatsegulidwa kokha ndi ndondomeko yolondola, yoyendetsedwa. Ngati mukupanga china chake chomwe chikuwona ntchito yopitilira 1000 ° C pamalo otsekemera, ndipo mutha kuthana ndi zovuta zopanga, ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri. Koma ngati kutentha kwanu kumayenda kapena mumlengalenga muli ndi ma sulfide ochepera, mutha kukhala mu 330 kapena gawo la aloyi 600. Ndipo ngati mulibe makina ogulitsira kapena maziko omwe amadziwa bwino momwe angagwiritsire ntchito, mukutchova njuga.
Zokambirana zomwe timakhala nazo ndi mainjiniya m'malo ngati Mtengo wa QSY ndizochepa ponena za mtengo komanso zambiri zowunikira pulogalamuyo. Kutentha kwakukulu ndi kotani? Ndi cyclic? Kodi mlengalenga ndi wotani? Kodi moyo udzakhala wotani? Ndiye timakambirana ndondomeko: kuponyera kapena Machining kuchokera anapangidwa? Kodi kutentha mankhwala? Mayeso otani? Kubwerera m'mbuyo ndi kutsogolo, komwe kumagwirizanako kuthetsa mavuto, ndizomwe zimasintha ndondomeko yojambula kukhala chigawo chomwe chimagwira ntchito komanso chokhalitsa. Nkhaniyi ndi poyambira chabe. Matsenga enieni, ngati mungatchule zimenezo, ali m'masitepe onse omwe amabwera pambuyo pake.
Mwina ndilo lingaliro lomaliza. Ndi chinachake ngati 310S, simukugula kwenikweni chitsulo. Mukugula ukatswiri kuti musinthe bwino. Chidaliro chakuti ikayikidwa mu ng'anjo ina kapena riyakitala, simudzakhala mukuyimba foni yowopsa pakati pausiku. Mtendere wa mumaganizo umenewo umachokera kuzinthu zopanda pake, zosasangalatsa za mitengo ya chakudya, ma annealing chart, weld logs, ndi kuyesa kulimba. Sichigololo, koma ndi chomwe chimapangitsa kusiyana pakati pa gawo lomwe langopangidwa ndi lomwe lapangidwa bwino.
