Mukuwona 316 ndi 316L zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimatchulidwa nthawi zonse, koma kusiyana kwenikweni si chilembo chokhacho pa datasheet. Zili mu zowotcherera, maenje a dzimbiri, ndi magawo omwe amabwerera kuchokera kumunda. Ambiri amaganiza kuti ndi osinthika. Iwo sali, ndipo ndawona kuganiza kokwera mtengo.
Za Carbon: Si Nambala Yokha
Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi carbon. 316 ili ndi max 0.08%, pomwe 316L chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri wasintha mpaka +0.03% sabata. Zikumveka zazing'ono, chabwino? Mwachidziwitso, mwina. Koma m'machitidwe, mpweya umenewo umafuna kuphatikizika ndi chromium panthawi yowotcherera, kupanga ma chromium carbides pamalire a tirigu. Kudziwitsidwa kumeneku kumaba chromium yomwe imapangitsa chitsulo kuti chisamachite dzimbiri, kusiya njira yosatetezeka m'malo okhudzidwa ndi kutentha kwa weld. Kwa gawo lomwe langokhala pamenepo, mwina zili bwino. Pachilichonse chomwe chimayang'anizana ndi ma chloride kapena ma acid, ndizomwe zidakhazikitsidwa kale.
Ndimakumbukira gulu la ma valve a kasitomala wokonza mankhwala. Kusindikiza kunangonena kuti 316 yopanda banga. Sitoloyo, poyesa kusunga ndalama zochepa pa kilogalamu, idagwiritsa ntchito masheya a 316 bar. Ziwalozo zidapangidwa mwaluso, zidapitilira kuwunika koyambirira. Koma patapita miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, tinapeza zithunzi: ming'alu ya kangaude yochokera ku msoko uliwonse wowotcherera. Intergranular dzimbiri. Wothandizirayo anali, momveka, wokwiya. Ndipamene mumaphunzira kufunsa, nthawi yomweyo: Kodi izi zidzawotchedwa? Malo ogwirira ntchito ndi otani? Ngati yankho liri inde pakuwotcherera, mumakankhira kalasi ya L. Palibe kutsutsana.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake kutsatiridwa kwa zinthu za ogulitsa kuli kofunika. Kampani ngati QINGDAO QIANGSENYUAN TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. (QSY), ndi zaka makumi atatu akuponya ndi kupanga, atha kupeza izi. Pamene mukuchita kuponya ndalama kapena CNC makina zigawo zomwe zidzakhale mbali ya msonkhano waukulu wowotcherera, kuyambira ndi kalasi ya carbon low si njira yokhayo - ndi kusankha kokha mwanzeru. Zomwe adakumana nazo popanga zosakaniza zapadera zimatanthawuza kuti adziwonera okha zotsatira za zinthu zolakwika.
Kuthekera ndi Kukhazikika: Zowona Zapansi pa Shopu
Tiye tikambirane za kudula ndi kuumba. Ngakhale 316 kapena 316L simaloto a akatswiri opanga makina - ndi gummy, amagwira ntchito molimba ngati openga ngati simusamala. Koma pakati pa ziwirizi, ndikanapereka pang'ono ku 316L pakukhazikika kwa makina m'magawo ovuta. Mpweya wochepa wa carbon umawoneka kuti umapangitsa kuti phokoso likhale lokhazikika pang'ono, chizolowezi chocheperako chomangirira m'mphepete mwa chida, makamaka pakugwira ntchito mosalekeza monga kutembenuza mbiri ya zopopera.
Pakupanga kapena kupanga, 316L nthawi zambiri imakhala yokhululuka. Mphamvu zake zotsika zokolola komanso kuchuluka kwa ductility poyambira kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kukankhira muzovuta chipolopolo nkhungu kuponyera mayendedwe popanda zovuta zakumbuyo. Nthawi ina tinkafunika kujambula makapu amipanda yopyapyala kuchokera pamasamba 316. Kuthamanga koyamba ndi muyezo wa 316 kudapangitsa kuti 30% ya zidutswa zazing'ono kuchokera ku ming'alu yaying'ono pa radius yokokedwa. Adasinthira ku 316L, ndipo vutolo lidazimiririka. Zinthu zinangoyenda bwino.
Iyi ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri kwa opanga zinthu. Ngati mukuyang'ana ma castings opangidwa kale kapena osasoweka, kutchula kalasi yoyenera pakupanga ndi theka lankhondo. Wokondedwa amene amamvetsa ndondomekoyi, monga zomwe mungapeze tsngtaocnc.com, sikungokugulitsa zitsulo; akugwiritsa ntchito zawo CNC makina ndi kuponya chidziwitso kuti asankhe giredi yomwe ingakhale yodziwikiratu pansi pa zida zawo ndi nkhungu, kupulumutsa aliyense mutu pamzere.
Nthano za Corrosion ndi Choonadi cha Molybdenum
Nthano yodziwika bwino ndi yakuti 316L imakhala yolimbana ndi dzimbiri kuposa 316. Osati ndendende. Kukana kwawo koyambira, koperekedwa ndi 2-3% molybdenum ndi matrix a chromium-nickel, ndizofanana m'malo opindika, osawotcherera. Molybdenum ndiye fungulo - ndizomwe zimalepheretsa kukana kwa pitting ndi kugwa kwa dzimbiri m'malo a chloride kupitilira 304. Ubwino wa kalasi ya L ndikuteteza kukana kwachilengedwe pambuyo pa matenthedwe ngati kuwotcherera.
Koma apa pali kaphatikizidwe: mu ma oxidizing acid (monga nitric), nkhaniyo imatha kutembenuka. Pali zidziwitso zina ndi umboni wodziwika bwino kuchokera m'manja akale kuti muyezo 316 nthawi zina ukhoza kuchita bwino pang'ono m'malo awa, omwe si a chloride. Chinachake chokhudza kukhazikika kwa filimuyi. Sindinabetchapo projekiti pa izi, koma ndi chikumbutso kuti sayansi yakuthupi sikhala yotsimikizika. Muyenera kudziwa mdani weniweni yemwe gawo likuyang'anizana nalo.
Pazinthu zodziwika bwino za m'madzi, makemikolo, kapena zopangira chakudya - pomwe ma chloride, ma organic acid, kapena zothira zothira zothira - kukwezeka kwa ma welded 316L chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri zimapangitsa kukhala kosasintha. Ndilo njira yotetezeka, yosunthika kwambiri pazida zopangidwa. Ndikayang'ana mbiri ya katswiri ngati QSY, yomwe imaphatikizapo zitsulo ndi ma aloyi opangidwa ndi faifi pazantchito zovuta kwambiri, zimawonetsa kuti azolowereka kuthana ndi izi, zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito, osati kungosuntha zitsulo zopangidwa ndi generic.
Mtengo ndi Kupeza: The Practical Calculus
Inde, 316L nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi ndalama zochepa. Koma kusanthula kwamtengo kumeneko ndikopanda pake ngati kuyima pa ma invoice. Muyenera kuwerengera mtengo wonse wa kupanga ndi moyo. Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito muyezo 316 zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kusungunula ma welds kuti musungunuke ma carbides (gawo lowonjezera, lokwera mtengo, komanso losokoneza nthawi zambiri), kapena muika pachiwopsezo cha kulephera kwa magawo, masamu amasintha nthawi yomweyo. Gulu la L nthawi zambiri limathetsa kufunikira kwa chithandizo cha kutentha pambuyo pa weld.
Kufufuza ndi chinthu chimodzi. Ndi kukankhira kwapadziko lonse kwa standardized, weldable structural stainless, 316L nthawi zambiri imapezeka mosavuta mumitundu yambiri-mbale, chitoliro, zopangira, zoponyera-kuposa muyezo 316. Kuyesera kupeza kukula kwake muzitsulo zenizeni za 316 bar kwa ntchito yopangira makina nthawi zina kumatenga milungu yaitali kuposa kupeza mnzake wa 316L.
Kupezeka kumeneku kumadyetsa maunyolo odalirika a opanga. Opaleshoni yaitali, monga Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., amene amatsindika zipangizo monga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi ma aloyi apadera, mwina akhazikitsa njira zamagiredi oyenera. Mbiri yawo yazaka 30 ikuwonetsa kuti adamanga maubale kuti asamangotengera zitsulo, koma chitsulo choyenera pantchitoyo, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yovuta kwambiri.
Chigamulo Chogwiritsa Ntchito: Nthawi Yomwe Mungagwiritsire Ntchito Zomwe
Choncho, lamulo losavuta la chala chachikulu: ngati lidzawotchedwa ndikukumana ndi ntchito yowonongeka, gwiritsani ntchito 316L chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Kuyimitsa kwathunthu. Izi zikukhudza 90% ya ntchito zamafakitale - makina opopera, zotengera zokakamiza, makina opangira chakudya, zida zam'madzi, akasinja amankhwala. Chidaliro chowonjezera ndichofunika kusiyana kochepa kwa mtengo.
Ndi liti pamene mungaganizire standard 316? Pazigawo zopanda zitsulo, kapena ntchito zomwe mphamvu zotentha kwambiri (zoposa 800 ° F) ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa mpweya wokwera pang'ono ukhoza kupereka mphamvu zokwawa bwino. Ganizirani za zida zina za ng'anjo, ma shaft osamangidwa, kapena zomangira. Koma ngakhale zili choncho, mukugulitsa phindu lotentha kwambiri kuti mulandire chilango chotsimikizika chowotcherera. Ndi chisankho cha niche.
Pamapeto pake, zimatsikira ku chidziwitso chodziwitsidwa. Sikuti giredi imodzi kukhala yabwinoko, koma ya kukhala yoyenera. Cholinga chake ndikufanizira zomwe zidalipo ndi momwe zimapangidwira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika. Ndilo lingaliro labwino lomwe limalekanitsa wogulitsa magawo ndi mnzake weniweni wopanga. Ndiko kusiyana pakati pa kupanga mawonekedwe ndikupereka gawo lomwe limagwira ntchito, komanso lokhalitsa, mdziko lenileni.
