Anthu ambiri akamva mawu akuti "ufa zitsulo", nthawi yomweyo amajambula zida zotchinjiriza ndi kubisala. Ndilo polowera, zedi, komanso ndi lingaliro lolakwika kwambiri - kuti PM ndi njira yotsika mtengo yopangira mawonekedwe osavuta. Chowonadi, makamaka mukalowa m'magulu ochita bwino kwambiri, ndi chilombo chosiyana. Ndizochepa zosintha masitepe opangira makina komanso zambiri zopanga zinthu zomwe simungathe kuzipeza kuchokera kusungunuka. Ndawona mapangidwe ambiri akulephera chifukwa wina adatchula gawo la PM kutengera tchati cha kachulukidwe kabuku osamvetsetsa zomwe zimachitika pakuphatikiza kutentha ndi kukakamizidwa. Kusiyana pakati pa malo abwino a isotropic pa datasheet ndi gawo lenileni lomwe likukhala patebulo loyang'anira litha kukhala lalikulu.
The Alloy Powder Puzzle: Imayamba Isanafike Nkhungu
Aliyense amangoyang'ana paziwongolero ndikusintha, ndipo moyenerera. Koma mutu nthawi zambiri amayamba kale, ndi ufa wokha. Sitikunena za kusakaniza kwachitsulo-mkuwa-carbon pre-mix pano. Mukamagwira ntchito ndi ma alloys apadera, monga nickel-based kapena cobalt-based based omwe timagwira nawo pamodzi ndi ntchito yathu yoponyera ku QSY, njira yopangira ufa imakhala yovuta. Atomu ya gasi motsutsana ndi atomization yamadzi sikungosiyana mtengo; ndi za oxide okhutira, tinthu mawonekedwe, ndi flowability. Ndikukumbukira pulojekiti yosindikizira kutentha kwambiri komwe kasitomala amaumirira pamadzi atomu ya nickel alloy powder pamtengo wake. Chotsatira? Mavuto opitilira sintering komanso kusasunthika kosagwirizana. Tinayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wa atomu, ndipo vutolo linazimiririka. Phunziro linali kuti mu ufa zitsulo, mbiri ya zinthuzo imatsekeredwa mu tinthu ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono, ndipo simungathe kusokoneza chiyambi choipa.
Izi zimagwirizana ndi chifukwa chake makampani omwe ali ndi zitsulo zolimba, monga Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mwendo. Mutagwira ntchito kwa zaka zopitilira 30 popanga ndi kupanga makina, mumayamba kumva m'matumbo momwe ma alloys amachitira mukamatentha. Chidziwitso chimenecho ndi chosinthika. Tikayang'ana ufa wa nickel-based alloy kwa gawo la PM, sitikungowona ufa; tikuganiza za khalidwe lake lolimba, kukhazikika kwa gawo lake-chidziwitso chomwe chimakulitsidwa kuchokera kuzaka makumi angapo zakupanga ndalama ndi ma aloyi ofanana. Zimasintha zokambiranazo kuti zingopanga mawonekedwe awa kukhala ma microstructure ati omwe tikufuna?
Mfundo ina yobisika ndikugwira ufa. Zikuwoneka ngati zazing'ono, koma kujambula kwa chinyezi, ngakhale m'malo olamulidwa, kumatha kuwononga. Kwa ufa wachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndi wakupha. Mutha kupeza gawo lobiriwira lobiriwira pamakina osindikizira, ndikungopeza matuza komanso kusinthika mutatha kuwomba. Kukonzekera nthawi zambiri kumakhala muzosungirako ndi zosungirako - chinthu chomwe ndi chosavuta kuchinyalanyaza ngati mukuchokera ku makina achikhalidwe kapena kuponyedwa komwe mumayamba ndi katundu wolimba.
Kumene PM ndi Machining Zimagwirizana (ndi Kugwirizana)
A woyera ufa zitsulo gawo, molunjika kunja kwa ng'anjo ya sinter, nthawi zambiri imakhala yongopeka ya ntchito zololera kwambiri. Ndipamene mgwirizano ndi CNC Machining umakhala wosakambitsirana. Malingaliro a wopanga ophatikizidwa amafunikira kwambiri. Pamalo athu, gawo la PM ndi makina a CNC osasunthika. Opanga makina amadziwa kuti gawo lopindika silingafanane ndi chitsulo; pakhoza kukhala kachulukidwe kachulukidwe kakang'ono, ndipo amasintha ma feed ndi liwiro moyenera. Izi sizinthu zamabuku; ndi chidziwitso chafuko chomwe chimaperekedwa pakati pa sintering tech ndi CNC operator.
Ndikukumbukira chigawo chovuta cha flanged chokhala ndi magiya amkati a helical. Mano a giya adapangidwa kudzera pa PM mpaka mawonekedwe apafupi - kuyesa makina olimba kukanakhala vuto lowononga komanso nthawi. Koma nkhope ya flange imafunikira kumaliza kwa Ra 0.4 ndi perpendicularity yolimba. Kuyimba kokha sikukanakhoza kugunda izo. Chifukwa chake, tidayiyika, kenako ndikuyiyika pa mphero ya CNC. Chinyengo chinali pakukonzekera: simungaphwanye gawo lopindika ngati momwe mungapangire. Tidapanga cholumikizira cha nsagwada zofewa chomwe chimagawa mphamvu yotchinga kudera lalikulu la flange. Tsatanetsatane yaying'ono, koma idalepheretsa kupotoza ndikuwonetsetsa kuti nkhope yomaliza yopangidwa ndi makina inali yowona. Mlatho wamtunduwu ndi pomwe mtengo weniweni umapangidwa.
Njira yophatikizikayi ndi yomwe mukuwona pamalo ngati QSY. Webusayiti yathu, https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, imafotokoza ntchito zathu zazikulu popanga nkhungu, kupanga ndalama, ndi makina a CNC. Zomwe zikutanthawuza, ndi zomwe timakhala tsiku ndi tsiku, ndi ndondomeko-agnostic filosofi. Cholinga sikugulitsa gawo la PM kapena gawo lotayira; ndikupereka gawo logwira ntchito lomwe limakumana ndi zinthu zina, modalirika. Nthawi zina izi zikutanthauza PM pachimake chokhala ndi makina. Nthawi zina, zimatanthawuza kulangiza kasitomala kuti pamilandu yawo yonyamula katundu ndi geometry, kuyika kwa chipolopolo kutha kukhala kolimba kuposa mtundu wa PM, ngakhale pamtengo wokwera kwambiri. Kuwona mtima kumeneko kumabwera chifukwa chokhala ndi zida zingapo m'bokosi.
Vuto Lakachulukidwe: Si Nambala Yokha
Kachulukidwe ndi njira yopatulika ya PM, koma ndi metric yozembera. Kukwaniritsa 7.4 g/cm3 pa gawo lokhala ndi chitsulo ndi chinthu chimodzi; kuonetsetsa kuti kachulukidwe kamakhala kofanana mbali zonse ndi zina. Porosity si nthawi zonse mdani - ndi yabwino kwa mayendedwe odzipaka okha - koma kugawa kwake ndikofunikira. M'malo opanikizika kwambiri, malo omwe ali ndi kachulukidwe kochepa kwambiri ndi malo oyambira ming'alu omwe akuyembekezera kuchitika.
Tinaphunzira izi movutikira pa gawo la lever la hydraulic system. Gawoli linadutsa cheke chake cha kachulukidwe ndi mitundu yowuluka. Koma pakuyesa m'munda, idapitilirabe kulephera pamalo enaake a pivot. Chigawo chamtanda cha metallographic chinavumbulutsa kachulukidwe kakang'ono kamene kamayenderana ndi mawonekedwe oyambira a ufa mu kufa. Kukonzekera sikunali kungowonjezera kukakamiza kophatikizika padziko lonse lapansi (komwe kumayika zida zoyika pachiwopsezo ndi kuyanika). Tinayenera kukonzanso chidacho ndi nkhonya zingapo zotsika kuti tiphatikize ufawo mofanana ndi nkhwangwa zingapo. Zinawonjezera mtengo ndi zovuta ku chida, koma zidathetsa vutoli. Uwu ndi mtundu wa ufa zitsulo nuance yomwe imalekanitsa chithunzi kuchokera ku gawo lokonzekera kupanga.
Apanso ndipamene ma post-sintering operations monga saizi kapena coining amabwera. Sikuti amangofuna kulolerana; amatha kugwira ntchito-kuumitsa pamwamba ndikutseka porosity yachiphamaso. Ndi njira yachiwiri yomwe imawonjezera mtengo, koma mbali zomwe zikuyang'anizana ndi kuvala kapena dzimbiri, zitha kukhala kusiyana pakati pa moyo wautumiki wa chaka chimodzi ndi zaka zisanu. Chigamulo chowonjezerapo chimabwera chifukwa cha kugamula koyenera pa ntchito ya gawoli, osati kusindikiza kokha.
Pamene PM Si Yankho: Njira Yopangira
Ndi mizu yathu yakuzama pakuponya, tikufanizira nthawi zonse mabanja awiri anjira. Pali chigawo chomwe amapikisana, komanso chigawo chomwe wina ali wapamwamba kwambiri. Kwa ma geometries amkati omwe ali ovuta kwambiri - ganizirani njira zozizirira pamasamba a turbine - kuyika ndalama kukadali mfumu. Ufa zitsulo akulimbana ndi zina undercuts ndi woonda kwambiri, makoma akuya mu boma wobiriwira pamaso sintering.
Komabe, pazida zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuziyika momveka bwino, monga zida zina zothamanga kwambiri kapena ma tungsten-heavy alloys, PM ndi godsend. Imathetsa tsankho ndipo imapereka kugawa bwino, yunifolomu ya carbide. Tinali ndi mlandu wa mbale yovala mu ntchito ya migodi. Zinthuzo zinali aloyi yachitsulo ya chromium yapamwamba. Mtundu wa casting udapitilira kukhala ndi zibowo zocheperako. Tinasinthira ku njira ya PM pogwiritsa ntchito ufa wofanana wa alloy, wotsatiridwa ndi sinter yotentha kwambiri komanso CNC yofulumira kukula. Moyo wovala udakwera ndi 300%. Mtengo pa gawo lililonse unali wokwera, koma mtengo wonse wa umwini unatsika.
Ichi ndiye maziko opangira zinthu: kusankha mapu oyenerera. Sizokhudza kukondera tekinoloje imodzi yomwe muli nayo. Ku QSY, kuti tili ndi luso lopanga komanso PM (pamodzi ndi kumaliza CNC) zimatikakamiza kukhala ndi cholinga. Titha kuyendetsa kusanthula popanda kukondera kwa malonda. Nthawi zina, njira yabwino kwambiri ndi haibridi. Tachita mbali zomwe thupi lalikulu ndi lopangira chipolopolo chotsika mtengo, koma chovala chovuta kwambiri ndi choyikapo cha PM chomwe chimakhala cholimba kapena chokhomedwa pambuyo poponya. Zikumveka zosokoneza, koma zimagwira ntchito bwino m'munda.
Tsogolo Sili Kungowonjezera
Zambiri zomwe zikuchitika masiku ano ndi kuzungulira zitsulo zopangira zowonjezera, zomwe ziri pamtima pake, mawonekedwe a ufa zitsulo. Koma atolankhani-ndi-sinter ndi MIM (Metal Injection Molding) sizikuchoka. Pazinthu zazikulu, zobwerezabwereza, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zogwira mtima kwambiri kuposa kusindikiza kwa 3D. Chisinthiko chomwe ndimachiwona chili muufa womwewo - ufa wopangidwa ndi zokutira zokhala ndi nano-scale kapena zida zophatikizika zomwe zimalola kuzizira kutentha pang'ono mpaka ma microstructures omaliza.
Vuto lothandiza lomwe lili m'chizimezime ndilokhazikika. Kubwezeretsanso ufa ndi chinthu chachikulu. Sikuti ufa wonse ungagwiritsidwenso ntchito, makamaka pambuyo pa mlengalenga. Momwe mumagwirira ntchito zotayira - zochulukirapo, magulu a ufa wakunja - akukhala nkhawa yamakasitomala, osati EPA yokha. Ndi wosanjikiza wina wa ndondomeko ulamuliro kuti afika anawonjezera mndandanda.
Chifukwa chake, ndikaganiza 'za zitsulo za ufa', sindimangoganiza za njira. Ndikuganiza za dziko lakuthupi, kusagwirizana ndi mwayi, ndi mgwirizano wofunikira ndi maphunziro ena opanga. Ndi chida champhamvu, koma kokha ngati mumvetsetsa chilankhulo chake - chilankhulo cholankhulidwa mosiyanasiyana, magawo a tinthu tating'ono, ndi ma curve a sinter, osati papepala lokha.
