Mukamati 'kuponya mchenga wachitsulo', anthu ambiri amayerekezera chitsulo chosapangana bwino chochokera kufakitale ya zaka za m'ma 1800. Ndilo lingaliro lolakwika loyamba. M'malo mwake, ndi njira yachinyengo yomwe imagwirizanitsa zachuma, sayansi yakuthupi, ndi zochitika zenizeni kuposa china chilichonse. Ndiwo msana wazinthu zambiri zamafakitale, osati chifukwa ndi 'zabwino kwambiri' m'lingaliro la labu, koma chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoyenera pantchitoyo. Chinyengo si kungodziwa kutsanulira chitsulo mumchenga; ndikudziwa nthawi yoti mugwiritse ntchito panjira zina monga kuumba zipolopolo kapena kupanga ndalama, komanso momwe mungasamalire zovuta zake - kuchepera, ma angles, mapangidwe a mageti omwe angapangitse kapena kuswa kukhulupirika kwa gawo. Ndawona zopanga zambiri zikulephera chifukwa wina adazitenga ngati njira yosavuta yosinthira zitsulo.
Mchenga Wokha Si Dothi Lokha
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi maziko: mchenga. Mchenga wobiriwira, mchenga wa utomoni wosaphika-chosankha apa chikutanthauza chilichonse. Pakuti mkulu-voliyumu, ndi yosavuta kuponyera chitsulo mchenga mbali, mchenga wobiriwira (kusakaniza mchenga wa silika, dongo, ndi madzi) ndiye kupitako. Ndizotsika mtengo komanso zogwiritsidwanso ntchito, koma chinyezi ndi nkhondo yosalekeza. Kuuma kwambiri, ndipo nkhungu imataya mphamvu; kunyowa kwambiri, ndipo mumatuluka kuphulika kwa nthunzi panthawi yothira, ndikusiya kuwonongeka kwa mpweya pansi pa kuponyera. Ndikukumbukira gulu la nyumba zopopera pomwe tinali ndi nkhonya zapamtunda. Zinatitengera tsiku kuti tiwulondolere ku chinyontho chomwe chinali pamalo osungiramo zinthu zomwe zidasintha kusakanikirana kwa mchenga. Ndizosavuta.
Kuti tipeze ma geometries ovuta kwambiri kapena kulondola kwabwinoko, timasunthira ku machitidwe osaphika, monga furan kapena phenolic urethane. Mchengawo umasakanizidwa ndi utomoni wamadzimadzi ndi chothandizira, ndipo umachiritsa mwamphamvu. Mapeto ndi apamwamba, ndipo mukhoza kukwaniritsa makoma woonda. Koma mtengowo umadumpha, ndipo kubwezeretsanso mchenga kumakhala kovuta kwambiri - simungangouponyanso mu muller. Pamalo ngati Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), kumene amasamalira chirichonse kuchokera ku nkhungu ya chipolopolo kupita ku ndalama zopangira ndalama, chisankho cha ndondomeko ya mchenga yomwe idzagwiritse ntchito chitsulo chachitsulo ntchito imabwera pamawerengedwe angapo: gawo la zovuta, kuchuluka, kufunikira kwa kumaliza, ndi chilolezo cha makina. Sizingochitika zokha.
Zida zachitsanzo ndi mtengo wina wobisika. Kwa mchenga wobiriwira, nthawi zambiri mumagwiritsa ntchito machesi, aluminiyamu kapena chitsulo, omwe ndi okwera mtengo kupanga. Pamafupi kapena ma prototypes, tagwiritsa ntchito mapatani a polystyrene (njira yotayika ya thovu) mwachindunji mumchenga wosamangidwa. Zimagwira ntchito, koma kuwongolera chojambula cha kaboni ndikupewa zopindika pomwe thovu likuphwa ndi luso palokha. Mumapeza gawo labwino, koma zitsulo sizofanana ndi nkhungu zachikhalidwe.
Kuthira Chitsulo: Sikuti Ndi Kutentha Kokha
Iron gray, ductile iron - kusankha alloy ndikofunikira. Iron yotuwa, yokhala ndi ma graphite flakes, imakhala ndi mphamvu yonyowa kwambiri komanso makina ake. Chitsulo chachitsulo, chokhala ndi nodular graphite, chimabweretsa nyonga yolimba komanso ductility. Kuthira kumasintha kwa aliyense. Pachitsulo cha ductile, muyenera kuyang'anira magnesium fade ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito ladle yothiridwa; mphamvu ya nodularizing imachepa pakapita nthawi, kotero pali zenera lokhazikika pakati pa chithandizo ndi kutsanulira. Ndikuphonya, ndipo microstructure imabwerera, kupha makina.
Kutentha kothira ndi vuto la Goldilocks. Kutentha kwambiri, ndipo mumawonjezera shrinkage porosity ndi chiopsezo chowononga makoma a nkhungu, makamaka m'zigawo zoonda. Kuzizira kwambiri, ndipo mumapeza ma mistruns, kutsekeka kozizira, ndi kusayenda bwino kwamadzi kuti mudzaze nkhungu. Kwa chitsulo chamtundu wa Class 35 chotuwa, timafuna pafupifupi 1370 ° C mpaka 1400 ° C, koma ndi poyambira chabe. Kuchuluka kwa gawo la gawolo palokha kumapereka kutentha kwabwino. Chovala chokhuthala, chaching'ono chingathe kutenthetsa pang'ono; chochulukira, chokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala imafunikira madzi pang'ono pang'onopang'ono. Ndinaphunzira izi movutikira pa thupi la hydraulic valve. Tidagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa zinthuzo, koma gawolo linali ndi netiweki ya ndime zopyapyala zamkati. Tinamaliza ndi kuponya kokongola komwe kunali kokwanira 80% - zina zonse zinali zotsekera zoziziritsa kukhosi zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zisawonongeke.
Kuwuka ndi kudyetsa ndi kumene zochitika zenizeni zimasonyeza. Chitsulo chimakhala chochepa kwambiri kuposa chitsulo, koma chimafunikabe kudyetsedwa pamene chimalimba. Kuyika zokwera pamwamba molakwika kumapangitsa kuti ming'alu ikhale yocheperako m'malo ovuta kunyamula katundu. Kuzizira ndi chida china - kuyika chitsulo kapena mkuwa kuzizira mu nkhungu kukakamiza kulimba kolowera kuchokera pakuponyedwa m'mwamba. Ndi chithunzithunzi cha 3D chotenthetsera chomwe mumathetsa ndi zomwe mwakumana nazo komanso nthawi zina, pulogalamu yoyeserera. Makampani omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chozama, monga QSY ndi zaka makumi atatu kupopera ndi makina, apanga chidziwitso ichi pa ntchito masauzande ambiri, ndichifukwa chake amatha kutulutsa mawu omveka bwino, oletsa kuponderezedwa pamapampu ndi ma valve.
The Finish Line: Kuyeretsa, Machining, ndi Reality Check
Shakeout ndi ntchito yankhanza. Kuponyedwa kumatuluka mumchenga wotentha, ndi zipata, zokwera, ndi mchenga wowotchedwa. Kuchotsa chowonjezera ndi sitepe yoyamba. Ndiye kuwombera kuphulika kuyeretsa pamwamba. Apa ndipamene zolakwika zobisika zimadziwonetsera: pobowola pamchenga, kung'ambika kwa kuzizira kofulumira. Kuyang'ana kowoneka ndi chiyambi chabe.
Apa ndipamene kusakanikirana ndi makina kumakhala kovuta. Chiyambi chomwe chimagwiranso ntchito CNC makina, monga ntchito zomwe zafotokozedwa patsamba la QSY, zili ndi mwayi waukulu. Iwo amapanga kuponyera ndi ndondomeko Machining mu malingaliro. Izi zikutanthawuza kuwonjezera ndalama zothandizira masheya (osati zochuluka kwambiri, osati zochepa kwambiri), kupanga malo opangira ma datamu kuti apangidwe, ndikumvetsetsa momwe gawolo lidzachitikira mu chuck kapena vise. Ndawonapo zojambula zomwe zimawoneka bwino koma zosayerekezeka chifukwa chobowola chovuta chinali pamalo olimba chifukwa chozizirira mwachangu, ndikuwononga mabowo atatu a carbide tisanagonje.
Umboni womaliza nthawi zambiri umakhala pakuyesa kosawononga. Pazigawo zofunika kwambiri, timapanga utoto kuti tiwunike ming'alu kapena kuyezetsa kupanikizika. Chikhutiro chenicheni ndikuwona yaiwisi kuponya mchenga—chinthu chakuda, chakuda ichi—chimasandulika kukhala chinthu chopangidwa mwaluso, pokwererapo pamakhala mosalala, ulusi wake umakhala woyera, wokonzeka kukulungika mu chipika cha injini kapena chimango cha kompresa. Ndilo kuzungulira kwathunthu, ndichifukwa chake kuponya sikungalephereke kuchoka kumayendedwe akumunsi.
Pamene Kuponya Mchenga Si Yankho
Ndi nkhani zonsezi kuponyera chitsulo mchenga, m'pofunika kudziwa malire ake. Mukafuna makoma owonda kwambiri (ochepera 3mm), malizani molunjika kuchokera mu nkhungu, kapena mawonekedwe apafupi ndi ukonde wa ma aloyi akunja, okwera mtengo, njira zina zimapambana. Ndipamene zaluso zina za QSY, kuponyera nkhungu za chipolopolo ndi kuponya ndalama, zimalowa. Kuumba zipolopolo kumagwiritsa ntchito mchenga wokutidwa ndi utomoni kuti apange chipolopolo chopyapyala, cholimba, chopatsa kulondola komanso kumalizidwa bwino kuposa mchenga wobiriwira. Kuponyera ndalama, njira yotayika ya sera, ndiyovuta kwambiri, yozama kwambiri.
Kwa muyezo chitsulo chachitsulo nyumba yama gearbox, mutu wa silinda ya injini, kapena chimango cholemetsa, kuponyera mchenga nthawi zonse kumakhala njira yotsika mtengo komanso yothandiza. Chidacho chimatha kuyendetsedwa bwino, zinthu zakuthupi ndi zabwino kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo scalability imatsimikiziridwa. Koma ngati wina andibweretsera kamangidwe kanyumba kochititsa chidwi kamene kamakhala ndi magalasi amkati ndi zodzikongoletsera zakunja, mwina ndikuwatsogolera ku chipolopolo kapena kukambirana ngati zitsulo kuyika ndalama kungakhale kokwanira bwino ngakhale mtengo wake. Kusankha kwazinthu - chitsulo motsutsana ndi chitsulo vs. a aloyi wapadera- zimagwirizana ndi njira yosankha.
Ndi malingaliro onsewa omwe amalekanitsa wogulitsa magawo ndi mnzake weniweni wopanga. Cholinga sikugulitsa masewero; ndikupereka gawo logwira ntchito, lodalirika, komanso lachuma. Nthawi zina njirayo imadutsa molunjika pamchenga wopangidwa bwino, ndipo nthawi zina imapatuka. Kuzindikira kusiyana kwa zojambula zoyamba ndi zomwe zaka zambiri mubizinesi iyi, monga mbiri yakale yamakampani monga Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology, imakuphunzitsani. Ndi zochepa za kukakamiza njira ndi zambiri za zoyenera ndondomeko vuto.
Chisinthiko Chosaoneka
Njirayi siyinayime. Mapulogalamu oyerekeza olimba ndi kusanthula kupsinjika akupezeka, kutiloleza kuyesa kakhazikitsidwe kokwera ndi kulosera malo otentha tisanadule chitsulo kuti chifanane. Kusindikiza kwa 3D kwa nkhungu zamchenga ndikusintha masewero kwa ma prototypes ndi magawo ovuta omwe amayendetsedwa ndi amodzi, kuchotseratu mtengo wake. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zazitsulo ndi kutentha zimatsalirabe, koma zida zowongolera zikukulirakulira.
Komabe, paukadaulo wonse, zimatengera luso la gulu loyambira. Kuwerenga kuthyoka kwa bar yoyesera kuti muweruze kapangidwe ka graphite, kudziwa kumveka komwe gudumu logaya limapanga likagunda pabowo, kumvetsetsa momwe kusintha pang'ono kwa mpweya wofanana kungakhudzire machinability pa. CNC pansi pambuyo pake. Kudziwa mwakachetechete kumeneku ndiye chuma chenicheni.
Kotero, pamene muyang'ana pa a kuponyera chitsulo mchenga, musamangoona chitsulo chachitsulo. Onani kusagwirizana mwadala ndi zisankho zaukatswiri-kuyambira kusankha mchenga ndi mapangidwe a zitseko mpaka kuthira ndi kukonza makina. Ndi umboni wa uinjiniya wothandiza, njira yomwe imakhala yokhudzana ndi zosintha zoyendetsedwa bwino monga momwe zimakhalira pakuwongolera zomwe zidabadwa. Ndipo m'makampani omwe nthawi zonse amathamangitsa njira yotsatila yaukadaulo wapamwamba, kupezeka kwake kosatha ndichikumbutso chabata kuti kulimba komanso kutsika mtengo sizimachoka.
