Anthu akamva zitsulo zotayira, nthawi zambiri amajambula zitsulo zosungunuka. Chowonadi ndi choyipa kwambiri komanso chochulukirapo. Ndi njira yomwe imatanthauzidwa mochuluka ndi kulephera kwachete-kuyendetsa molakwika, kutsekedwa kozizira, kuphatikizika komwe kumangopeza pambuyo pokonza-monga mwakuchita bwino. Ndakhala zaka zambiri ndikuzungulira maziko, ndawona kusiyana pakati pa zojambula zamabuku ndi zenizeni zomwe zadetsedwa ndi mwaye. Izi sizikunena za chiphunzitso changwiro; ndi za kuyang'anira kutentha, chemistry, ndi zosintha zana kuti zikhomerere zitsulo kuti zikhale zothandiza.
Kuyambira ndi Nkhungu: Kuposa Phoko Lokha
Chilichonse chimadalira pa nkhungu. Mulakwitse izi, ndipo mukungotsanulira zitsulo zodula mu dzenje ladothi labwino kwambiri. Kwa magawo ovuta, odalirika kwambiri, makampani nthawi zambiri amatsamira kuponya ndalama kapena chipolopolo nkhungu kuponyera. Kusankha sikungochitika. Ndikukumbukira gulu la nyumba zapampopi pomwe tidagwiritsa ntchito zipolopolo kuti timange bwino komanso kuti tisasunthike, koma tidayenera kukhala opanda chifundo ndi mapangidwe ake kuti tipewe chipwirikiti. Chikombolecho si chidebe chongokhala; ndi manejala wotentha komanso wowongolera geometry.
Kuponya ndalama, njira ya 'kutaya sera', ndi chilombo china. Tsatanetsatane wa momwe mungakwaniritsire ndizodabwitsa - ganizirani masamba a turbine okhala ndi mayendedwe ozizirira mkati. Koma chitsanzo cha sera chokha ndi luso. Ngati kutentha kwa jekeseni wa sera kumatsika ndi madigiri angapo, mumayambitsa nkhawa zomwe sizingawonekere mpaka chipolopolo cha ceramic chitathamangitsidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chipolopolo chiwonongeke. Ndi mndandanda wa zodalira. Kampani ngati Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ndi zaka makumi atatu m'dangali, mwina yawotcha masauzande masauzande amitundu ya sera kuti ayimbire magawo amenewo amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ndiko kudziwa komwe simungathe Google.
Ndiye pali kuyanjana kwa zinthu za nkhungu. Kuthira chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri mumchenga wa silica? Mutha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino, koma pamwamba pake pamakhala khwimbi, losavuta kulowa. Kwa magiredi apamwamba, muyenera mchenga wa zircon kapena kuyang'ana kwa ceramic. Ndi imodzi mwazowerengera za mtengo-vs-ntchito zomwe zimachitika pansi. Chisankho cha nkhungu chimayang'anira mwachindunji ntchito ya post-casting. Kusauka kwa nkhungu kumatanthawuza kugaya kwambiri, nthawi yochulukira makina, kuwononga ndalama zambiri m'mphepete mwanu.
Kuthira: Kumene Fiziki Imayamba
Iyi ndi nthawi ya choonadi. Kutentha kwa alloy ndikofunikira, koma sikuti kungogunda nambala pa pyrometer. Pali 'kutentha kwapampopi' kuchokera ku ng'anjo ndi 'kutsanulira kutentha' mu nkhungu. Kutsika ndikofunikira, makamaka kwa magawo owonda. Ndawonapo kutsanulira ma aloyi opangidwa ndi cobalt pomwe zenera ndi lopapatiza modabwitsa-kutentha kwambiri ndipo mumawononga nkhungu, kuzizira kwambiri ndipo chitsulo sichidzadzaza mwatsatanetsatane. Mumakulitsa lingaliro lake, momwe chitsulo chimayendera ndi kuwala kwake pamwamba.
Kukwera ndi kukwera ndi ngwazi yosadziwika (kapena woipa). Sizongolowetsamo zitsulo; ndi za kudyetsa zolimba kuchepa. Kulakwitsa kwachikale kwa rookie ndikuyika chokwera pomwe chikuwoneka bwino koma sichimapanga njira yolimba. Chotsatira? Kutsika kwamphamvu mkati mwa kuponya, chilema chomwe chimangodziwonetsa poyang'ana X-ray kapena pakuyesa kukakamiza. Tinaphunzira izi movutikira pa thupi la valve loponyedwa muzitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri. Kukongola kunja, koma kukakamizidwa kwa kasitomala kunalephera. Chokweracho chinali chaching'ono, kutali kwambiri. Kutayika kwathunthu kwa zinthu ndi nthawi yopangira makina.
Mlengalenga pa kutsanulira ndi wosanjikiza wina. Kwa ma alloys ena, monga ena opangidwa ndi faifi tambala, ngakhale kuwonekera pang'ono kwa okosijeni pomwe kusungunuka kumatha kubweretsa zovuta. Ndiko komwe malo oyendetsedwa bwino kapena kusinthasintha kodzitchinjiriza kumabwera. Ndizinthu zabata, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimanyalanyazidwa zomwe zimalekanitsa kutulutsa kogwira ntchito ndi kochita bwino kwambiri.
Chuma Ndi Chilichonse (Ndipo Palibe Chopanda Njira)
Mutha kutchula kalasi yabwino kwambiri chitsulo chachitsulo kapena 316 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, koma machitidwe a foundry amatsimikizira zomwe mumapeza. Kuwongolera chemistry ndikofunikira kwambiri. Chinthu chophweka ngati magnesium kutha mu chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chingathe kutembenuza chitsulo cholimba, chokhala ndi nodular kukhala chofooka, chofowoka ngati mutagwira ladle motalika kwambiri. Muyenera kusanthula mwachangu, kodalirika kwa spectrograph pansi.
Kugwira ntchito ndi ma aloyi apadera monga nickel kapena mabanja opangidwa ndi cobalt ndi ligi yosiyana. Nthawi zambiri amasungunula vacuum kapena kukonzedwa mosamala kwambiri kuti azitha kuyang'anira zinthu. Mtengo wa zinthu zopangira ndi wokwera kwambiri kotero kuti kuponyera kotayidwa kumagunda kwambiri. Mphepete mwa zolakwika imacheperachepera. Ma alloys awa amasankhidwa chifukwa cha malo owopsa - kutentha kwambiri, dzimbiri - kotero kuti cholakwika chilichonse chamkati chimakhala cholephera. Kupanga kwa izi sikungopanga mawonekedwe; ndi ukapitawo wazitsulo.
Apa ndipamene moyo wautali wa foundry ukuwonekera. Kampani yomwe yakhala ikugwira ntchito kwa zaka zopitilira 30, monga QSY, mwina yatsanulira mapiri azitsulo ndikukumana ndi vuto lililonse lodabwitsa m'bukuli. Zomwe zimachitikazi zimamasulira mwachindunji kuwongolera kwamabanja osiyanasiyana, kaya ndi ferrite-austenite balance mu duplex zosapanga dzimbiri kapena kugawa carbide mu aloyi ya cobalt. Mutha kupeza njira yawo pazinthu izi mwatsatanetsatane patsamba lawo https://www.tsingtaocnc.com.
Zotsatira zake: Kuyeretsa, Kuyesa, ndi Kukumana ndi Zowona
Kuponya kukazizira, kuyesa kwenikweni kumayamba. Kugwedeza, kudula zipata ndi zokwera - ndi ntchito yankhanza. Koma apa, mumapeza mawonekedwe anu enieni enieni. Kuphatikizidwa kwa mchenga, misozi ya pamwamba, zolakwika zoonekeratu. Ndi cheke m'matumbo. Kuyesa kosawononga (NDT) ndi bwenzi lanu pano. Kulowetsa utoto kwa ming'alu yapamtunda, kuyesa kwa radiographic kwa voids mkati. Njira iliyonse yojambula imakhala ndi siginecha yake yofanana. Popanga ndalama, zitha kukhala zidutswa za zipolopolo; mu kuponya mchenga, zikhoza kukhala mchenga inclusions.
Ndikukumbukira gulu lazinthu zopangira ndalama zamakampani azakudya komwe olowetsa utoto amawonetsa mizere yofowoka. Sanali ming'alu, koma 'mitsempha' kuchokera ku chipolopolo cha ceramic. Inali nkhani yodzikongoletsera yomwe sinakhudze magwiridwe antchito, koma zomwe kasitomala amafuna zinali zokhwima. Tinayenera kusintha mawonekedwe a chipolopolo cha slurry - tweak to refractory particle size distribution - kuti tithetse. Ndi kuti mlingo wa tsatanetsatane obsessive.
Umboni nthawi zambiri umakhala mu makina. Ndiye woweruza womaliza. Mutha kukhala ndi kuponya komwe kumadutsa NDT yonse, koma chida cha makina a CNC chikafika pamalo olimba - malo ozizira kapena kuphatikiza kosayembekezereka - gawo lonselo likhoza kukhala lopanda pake. Ichi ndichifukwa chake zida zophatikizika zomwe zimagwira zonse ziwiri kuponya zitsulo ndi CNC makina kukhala ndi mwayi. Mayankho afupikitsa. Opanga makina amatha kudziwa zomwe akuwona zomwe akuwona, ndipo zosintha zitha kupangidwa pakuwotcha kotsatira. Imaphwanya khoma pakati pa kuponyera ndi kumaliza.
Chifukwa Chake Zonse Zimatsikira Kubwereza ndi Kukhulupirira
Simudziwa kuponya zitsulo kuchokera m'mabuku. Mumaphunzira kuchokera pamadzi a zinyalala zolimba. Gawo lililonse latsopano la geometry, giredi yatsopano ya alloy, ndi chithunzi chatsopano. Nkhani yoyamba siili yangwiro. Pali kasinthasintha wa mawonekedwe, yesani, sinthani mayendedwe, sinthani kutentha, ndikuyesanso. Njira yobwerezabwereza iyi, nthawi zina yokhumudwitsa, ndiye maziko a ntchito yoyambira.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuyanjana ndi maziko sikungogula ntchito; ikugula zoyeserera ndi zolakwika zawo zomwe zasonkhanitsa. Kampani ikalemba mndandanda wazinthu - nkhungu zachipolopolo, kupanga ndalama, kukonza makina - ndi zida zingapo kuchokera kuchitsulo chonyezimira kupita ku ma aloyi apadera, sikungolemba ntchito. Iwo akuwonetsa kuthekera koyendetsa unyolo wonse wovutawu. Ndi za kukhala ndi chidziwitso metallurgical kusankha njira yoyenera zakuthupi ndi ntchito, ndi luso lothandiza kuti achite izo mosasinthasintha.
Pamapeto pake, kuponya bwino kwachitsulo ndikuphatikiza kwa sayansi yakuya ndi manja, pafupifupi mwachilengedwe, kuchita masitolo pansi. Ndizokhudza kulemekeza fizikiki, kuphunzira kuchokera ku cholakwika chilichonse, ndikumvetsetsa kuti nkhungu, zitsulo, ndi njira zimalumikizana mosalekeza. Cholinga sichimatsanulira nthawi zonse - ndi zongopeka - koma njira yoyendetsedwa, yodziwikiratu pomwe zosinthazo zimamveka ndikuyendetsedwa. Ndicho chimene chimatembenuza lingaliro mu fayilo ya CAD kukhala gawo lodalirika, logwira ntchito lachitsulo.
