Ngati mufunsa wina kuti afotokoze momwe angagwiritsire ntchito ndalama, nthawi zambiri mumapeza mzere wa mabuku: ndi njira yolondola yogwiritsira ntchito chipolopolo cha ceramic. Kumeneko sikulakwa, koma kuli ngati kufotokoza galimoto ngati galimoto ya matayala anayi—imaphonya mfundo yonse ya chimene chimaipangitsa kukhala chokopa. M'dziko lenileni, makamaka patatha zaka makumi atatu mumasewerawa, tanthauzo liri mwatsatanetsatane, kusagwirizana, komanso kuthetsa mavuto omwe amafunikira. Sikuti amangopanga mawonekedwe ovuta; ndi za kuyang'anira chipwirikiti cha kukula kwa matenthedwe, maloto opangira ma gating, ndi nkhondo yamuyaya yolimbana ndi zovuta zapamtunda. Ambiri amaganiza kuti ndi za mbali zapamwamba zazamlengalenga, koma ndi lingaliro lolakwika lofala. Ndaziwona zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pachilichonse kuyambira pa chopopera chosavuta kupita ku implant yachipatala komwe pore limodzi lingatanthauze kulephera.
Pakatikati pa Njirayi: Sera, Shell, Thirani
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi zoyambira momwe zimachitikira pansi. Mtima wa kuponya ndalama ndi chitsanzo cha sera. Zikumveka zophweka, koma kusakaniza sera ndi sayansi yeniyeni. Zofewa kwambiri, ndipo zimapunduka panthawi yogwira; kwambiri, ndipo imasweka pamene mukuyesera kusonkhanitsa mtengo wovuta. Ku shopu yathu, takhala zaka zambiri tikukonza izi. Mumabaya phula mu nkhungu ya aluminiyamu - yomwe nthawi zambiri imapangidwa kudzera mu makina a CNC kuti muthe kulondola - kuti mupange chofanizira cha gawo lomaliza. Kenako, mumawotcherera pamanja kapena mwama robot pa phula lapakati kuti mupange mtengo. Sitepe iyi ndi yovuta mwachinyengo. Maonekedwe a ngodya ndi mphambano apa amalamula kuyenda kwachitsulo pambuyo pake. Zilakwitseni, ndipo mudzakhala ndi chipwirikiti chomwe chimakokera kuyikapo kapena kupanga zitseko zozizira.
Gawo lotsatira ndikumanga chipolopolo cha ceramic. Apa ndipamene mawu akuti ndalama amachokera - mukuyika ndondomekoyi ndi zinthu zotsutsa. Ndi ndondomeko ya dip-and-dunk: choyamba zirconia zabwino kapena alumina slurry, kenako stucco wosakaniza wa silika kapena mullite. Mukubwereza izi 6 mpaka 9, kuyanika pakati pa malaya. Luso siliri mu kubwerezabwereza; ndi kuweruza slurry mamasukidwe akayendedwe tsiku ndi tsiku. Chinyezi chimakhudza izo. Kutentha kumakhudza. Ngati chovala choyambiriracho ndi chochepa kwambiri, kulowa kwachitsulo kumawononga mapeto a pamwamba. Ndi yokhuthala kwambiri, ndipo imatha kutsekereza mpweya kapena ming'alu panthawi yotulutsa phula. Ndikukumbukira gulu la matupi azitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri komwe tidathamangira kuyanika. Chigobacho chinkawoneka bwino kwambiri, koma mkati mwa autoclave dewax, nthunziyo sinkatha kuthawa mofulumira kudzera mkati mwake. Zipolopolozo zinaphulika chifukwa cha mphamvu ya mkati. Kutayika kwathunthu. Ndicho chenicheni—tanthauzo lake likuphatikizapo mfundo zolephera izi.
Pambuyo pakuwotcha ndi kuwombera, mumasiyidwa ndi nkhungu ya ceramic yoyaka moto. Kuthira ndi luso lake. Pazinthu monga ma aloyi opangidwa ndi faifi kapena ma aloyi opangidwa ndi cobalt, zomwe timagwira pafupipafupi, mukukumana ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso kulimba kofulumira. Inu simumangotsanulira; muyenera kuwongolera kutentha kwapakati. Thirani pang'onopang'ono, ndipo zitsulo zimazizira musanadzaze zigawo zoonda. Thirani mwachangu kwambiri, ndipo mumawononga mkati mwa ceramic, ndikuyambitsa zolakwika ngati mchenga. Chikombole chikadali chozungulira 1000 ° C pamene chitsulo chosungunuka chikugunda. Kugwedezeka kwa kutentha kumeneko ndi mphindi yodziwika-kwenikweni. Kuthira kopambana kumabweretsa gawo lofanana ndi ukonde, koma tanthauzo lachipambano ndikukhala ndi malire okwanira pamapangidwe kuti alole makina otsatizana a CNC kugunda kulolerana kolimba.
Kumene Tanthauzo Limakhala Zenizeni: Zovuta Zakuthupi
Lankhulani ndi msilikali aliyense woyambitsa, ndipo angakuuzeni kuti kuti mufotokozere momwe mungapangire ndalama, muyenera kuyankhulana. Si njira imodzi yokha. Kusankhidwa kwa alloy kumatengera gawo lililonse kumtunda. Tengani 17-4 PH chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Ndi kavalo wamba, koma amakhudzidwa ndi kuzizira. Ngati kuziziritsa kwa zipolopolo sikuyendetsedwa, mutha kupeza magawo osayenera omwe amapha zida zamakina. Ndiye muli ndi ma superalloys, opangidwa ndi nickel ndi cobalt. Izi ndi za malo owopsa - masamba a turbine, zida zotulutsa mpweya. Kutanthauzira kwawo kwa castability ndikovuta. Ali ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri ndipo amatha kupanga magawo owopsa a topologically close-packed (TCP) ngati kulimba sikuyendetsedwa bwino.
Apa ndi pamene zochitika trumps chiphunzitso. Bukuli likhoza kunena kuti gwiritsani ntchito kutsanulira mofulumira kwa zigawo zoonda. Koma ndi aloyi yochokera ku cobalt, kutsanulira mwachangu kungayambitse kung'ambika kotentha chifukwa aloyiyo imakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yozizira. Muyenera moyenera kutsanulira liwiro ndi nkhungu preheat kutentha. Taphunzira izi pa ntchito ya kasitomala wa petrochemical. Gawoli linali gululi chothandizira chothandizira mu aloyi ya nickel-chromium. Kuthamanga koyamba kunabweretsa misozi yotentha kwambiri pamatako. Yankho silinali pachipata; kunali kuchirikiza kutentha kwa nkhungu ndi pafupifupi 50 ° C kuti apange chiwonjezeko chokwera kwambiri, kulimbikitsa kulimba kolowera. Kusintha kumeneku sikuli konse mu tanthauzo lenileni, koma ndiye maziko a luso.
Ndipo tisaiwale zinthu zachitsulo monga carbon ndi alloy steels. Iwo amakhululukira kwambiri pa shrinkage koma akhoza kukhala ankhanza pa chipolopolo. Kutentha kwakukulu kungayambitse chitsulo-chipolopolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto lolimba, lagalasi lotchedwa kulowetsa kwachitsulo. Kuti athane ndi izi, kupangidwa kwa malaya oyamba a slurry ndikofunikira - nthawi zambiri kumafunikira zosefera zapadera kapena zowonjezera. Ndi kukambirana kosalekeza pakati pa wasayansi wazinthu ndi injiniya woyambitsa. Tikamanena kuti timakhazikika pazidazi pa QSY, zikutanthauza kuti tapanga laibulale ya maphikidwe osavuta awa, owongolera pazaka 30. Si mzere wotsatsa; Ndilolemba lazovuta zomwe zathetsedwa.
Kugwirana Chanza kwa Machining: Kuchokera Kuponya mpaka Gawo Lomaliza
Palibe tanthauzo la kuponya ndalama lomwe limatha popanda kukambirana zomwe zimachitika chipolopolocho chikachotsedwa. Mwasiyidwa ndi zoponya zomwe zili ndi zipata ndi othamanga, ndipo malo ena amafunikira makina. Uwu ndiye gawo lofunikira. Lonjezo la kuyika ndalama liri pafupi ndi ukonde, koma pafupi ndi nthawi yosinthika. Kwa ma hydraulic manifold, mutha kukhala ndi zololera zovuta mkati mwa 0.05mm. Kuponya kokha sikungagwire zimenezo. Apa ndipamene zida zophatikizika, monga zomwe tamanga ku Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), zimawonetsa mtengo wake. Kukhala CNC Machining m'nyumba si yabwino; ndi njira yoyendetsera bwino.
Opanga makinawo ayenera kumvetsetsa kuponya. Ayenera kudziwa komwe shrinkage porosity ingakhale (nthawi zambiri pafupi ndi malo omaliza kuzizira) kuti asagwere chida. Ayenera kumvetsetsa za stock allowance. Nthawi zambiri timasiya 0.5mm mpaka 2mm pamalo ovuta, koma zimatengera gawo la geometry ndi aloyi. Chigawo chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chopyapyala chopanda mipanda chikhoza kusokonekera kwambiri pakuzizira, zomwe zimafuna katundu wambiri. Okonza mapulogalamu a CNC ndi mainjiniya oyambira ayenera kulankhula chilankhulo chimodzi. Ndawonapo mapulojekiti akulephera chifukwa kuponya kudapangidwa popanda lingaliro lililonse pakukonza makina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale maloto osakhazikika, onjenjemera pabedi la CNC.
Kugwirizana kumeneku ndi chifukwa chake makasitomala ambiri, makamaka omwe ali m'magawo ngati magetsi kapena makina opangira mafakitale, amafunafuna malo ogulitsira. Iwo samangofuna wogulitsa amene angatanthauze kuyika ndalama; amafuna wina amene angapereke gawo lomaliza, logwira ntchito. Amatitumizira kusindikiza kwa nyumba yopopera muzitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ziwiri. Timayendetsa kayeseleledwe ka kulimba, kupanga makulidwe a sera, kuponya, kutenthetsa kuti zisawonongeke, kenaka timayika nkhope za flange ndi mabowo a bawuti pamalo athu a CNC. Lipoti lomaliza loyang'anira limafotokoza za kukhulupirika kotulutsa (X-ray) ndi kukula kwa makina (CMM). Ndilo tanthauzo lathunthu, lothandiza.
Misampha Wamba ndi Msampha Wapafupi Kwambiri
Imodzi mwa njira zabwino kwambiri zodziwira chinthu ndikuwona pamene chikusweka. Gawo lalikulu la ntchito yanga lakhala la post-mortems pa ma castings omwe sanapange zenizeni. Vuto lomwe nthawi zambiri limasokoneza kwambiri ma geting system. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti akudya bwino, akatswiri nthawi zina amapanga timipiringidzo tothamanga kwambiri tothamanga. Izi zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwachitsulo chofunikira, mtengo wa chipolopolo, ndi nthawi yoyeretsa. Choyipa kwambiri, chikhoza kupanga malo otentha omwe amatsogolera kuwonongeka kwa shrinkage mu gawo lomwelo. Nthawi zina, njira yosavuta yowongoka kuchoka pagawo lolemera kwambiri ndi yabwino. Ndiko kuitana chiweruzo, ndipo mumangokulitsa chiweruzo chimenecho poona zolephera.
Msampha wina ndikungoganizira zonse kuponya ndalama ndizolondola kwambiri. Kulekerera kothekera ndi ntchito ya kukula kwa gawo, aloyi, ndi kuwongolera njira. Kwa gawo laling'ono, lokhazikika la aloyi, ± 0.13mm pa 25mm ndizomveka. Koma chimango chachikulu mu carbon steel, inu mukhoza kuyang'ana ± 0.5mm kapena kuposa chifukwa shrinkage mosayembekezereka. Kulonjeza mochulukira pagawo logwira mawu ndi njira yobweretsera tsoka. Ndinayenera kukhala ndi malonda ndikufotokozera kuti chifukwa chakuti tikhoza kulekerera mutu wa gulu la gofu sizikutanthauza kuti tingathe pa thupi la valve 20kg. Tanthauzo la ndondomeko lili ndi kusinthika kokhazikika.
Zoyembekeza zomaliza zapamwamba zimafunikiranso kuyang'aniridwa. Pamwamba ngati-cast kuchokera pachipolopolo chabwino cha ceramic imatha kukhala yosalala kwambiri, pafupifupi 3.2 μm Ra. Koma uku sikumalizitsa kalilole wopukutidwa. Ngati kasitomala akusowa kalilole kuti agwiritse ntchito madzimadzi otaya, ndiye ntchito yachiwiri yopukutira. Mfundo ndi yakuti, njirayi ili ndi malire. Mphamvu zake zazikulu ndizovuta komanso kusinthasintha kwakuthupi, osati kukwaniritsa kumaliza kwabwino kwambiri kapena kulolerana kolimba palokha. Ndi gawo la chilengedwe chopanga.
Kuyang'ana Patsogolo: Tanthauzo Lakusinthika
Choncho, kuzungulira mmbuyo ndi kuyesa kufotokoza kuponya ndalama m'njira yomwe imasonyeza pansi msonkhano, ndi izi: mwatsatanetsatane, chitsanzo ofotokoza kuponyera ndondomeko amene bwino zimadalira ankalamulira mogwirizana wa chitsanzo sera sera, wosanjikiza ceramic chipolopolo, ndi chitsulo chosungunula, ndi mtengo wake wonse anazindikira kokha pamene Integrated ndi woganizira kamangidwe ndi pambuyo kuponyera njira monga kutentha kutentha ndi Machining. Ndi unyolo, ndipo ulalo uliwonse - kuyambira jekeseni wa sera mpaka QC yomaliza - uyenera kugwira.
Tanthauzo lake silokhazikika. Kubwera kwa kusindikiza kwa 3D kwa sera mwachindunji kapena kupanga nkhungu ya ceramic, malire akusokonekera. Tsopano titha kupanga mawonekedwe amodzi a ma prototypes osagwiritsa ntchito zida, zomwe zimasinthiratu zochitika zachitukuko. Koma maziko a physics—kutengera kutentha, kulimba, zitsulo—zimakhalabe chimodzimodzi. Zida zatsopano zimangotilola kulephera mwachangu ndikuphunzira mwachangu.
Kwa kampani ngati QSY, yomwe ili ndi zaka zambiri pansi pa lamba wake, tanthauzo lake lilinso m'chidziwitso chosonkhanitsidwa. Zili m'maphikidwe a slurry, nkhokwe ya zofananira zolimba za mabanja osiyanasiyana, ndi maso aluso a wogwiritsa ntchito yemwe amatha kuyang'ana chipolopolo chodetsedwa ndikudziwa ngati chikumveka. Mutha kupeza tanthauzo lofunikira kulikonse. Koma kumvetsetsa kwenikweni, konyowa, kothandiza—kumene kumapangitsa chojambula kukhala chodalirika, chochita bwino kwambiri muzitsulo zotayidwa, chitsulo, kapena aloyi yachilendo ya nickel-ndicho chimene mumapeza pochichita, tsiku ndi tsiku, ndi kuphunzira kuchokera kuzinthu zonse, zabwino ndi zoipa. Ndiwo ndalama, kupitirira kuponya.
