Tiyeni tinene zoona, anthu ambiri akamva mawu akuti "wax metal casting" amayerekezera munthu waluso ali yekhayekha akusema mozama chosema cha phula la njuchi chisanazimiririke ndi kuphulika kwa utsi n'kulowetsamo zitsulo zonyezimira. Chithunzi chachikondi chimenecho ndi gawo la nkhaniyi, koma zenizeni za mafakitale-zomwe timatcha kuponya ndalama-ndi gitty, yolondola, ndipo nthawi zambiri yokhumudwitsa ballet ya chemistry, thermodynamics, ndi kuleza mtima kwakukulu. Maganizo olakwika kwambiri? Kuti ndi njira yosavuta, sitepe imodzi 'yotayika sera'. Si. Ndi unyolo, ndipo ulalo uliwonse, kuyambira panjira yoyambira sera mpaka kugwedezeka komaliza, ndizotheka kulephera. Ndawonapo zinthu zambiri zotayidwa kuchokera ku kanthu kakang'ono kakang'ono kamene kali mu chipolopolo cha ceramic kusiyana ndi zitsulo zilizonse. Ndiko kumene ntchito yeniyeni imachitika.
Sera Ndi Chiyambi Chake
Aliyense amangoganizira za sera, ndipo ndithudi, ndizofunikira. Koma mtundu wa sera? Si luso chosema sera. Timagwiritsa ntchito phula lopangidwa ndi jekeseni, zosakaniza zomwe zimapangidwira kuti zichepetse, phulusa, ndi kusasunthika. Kumalo ngati Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ndi zaka zawo zamasewera, adzakhala ndi laibulale ya sera zantchito zosiyanasiyana. Bokosi lazamlengalenga lokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala limafunikira mawonekedwe osiyana ndi mavavu olimba. Kusokoneza magawo a jakisoni apa-kutentha, kupanikizika, nthawi yozungulira-kumatanthauza kuti ndondomekoyi idzasokoneza pambuyo pake. Ndipo kupotoza pa siteji ya sera kumachulukitsa mu gawo lomaliza lachitsulo. Ndinaphunzira kuti njira yovuta kumayambiriro, kutulutsa mtanda wa zida zopanda kanthu zomwe zinali zosadziwika bwino; Anatsata sera kuzirala pang'onopang'ono mukufa.
Kusonkhanitsa kwapatani, kapena 'mtengo', ndi luso lina locheperako. Sikuti kumamatira zidutswa za sera pamitengo. Mukupanga njira yodyetsera zitsulo zosungunuka. Momwe mumayendera mbali, m'mimba mwake mwa othamanga, kuyika kwa zipata - zonsezi zimalamula kulimba. Kusayenda bwino kumabweretsa ming'alu yocheperako, zolakwika zamkati zomwe zitha kuwoneka pa X-ray. Ndikukumbukira pulojekiti yopangira chopondera muzitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ziwiri pomwe tinkapitilira kukhala ndi porosity pamalopo. Tinapanganso mtengo wa sera, ndikuwonjezera tinjira tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe tinkadumphira, ndipo idakonzedwanso. Ndi ma tweaks awa, obadwa kuchokera ku kulephera, omwe amalekanitsa malo ogulitsa ntchito ndi katswiri.
Kenako pakubwera malaya oyambira, choviikidwa choyamba cha ceramic. Iyi si nkhani wamba. Dothi losanganikirana ndi ufa wosalala wa silika ndi binder, liyenera kunyowetsa sera bwino kuti igwire chilichonse. Kachigamba kakang'ono kalikonse komwe matopewo samamatira amakhala 'zipsepse' kapena kugunda pakuponya. Mchenga wa stucco, kapena mchenga, umagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Kukula kwa grit kwa malaya oyambirirawa ndi abwino kwambiri - ndi omwe amakupatsani mapeto a pamwamba. Ndakhala maola ambiri ndi maikulosikopu kuyerekeza ufa wa zircon ndi silika wosakanikirana wa malaya oyambirira pa gawo lofuna Ra 3.2 microinch kumaliza. Chosankha ndichofunika.
Kumanga kwa Shell: Kuyesa Kuleza Mtima
Kumanga chipolopolo ndi marathon, osati sprint. Mumapaka malaya mutavala, kusinthasintha pakati pa slurry ndi stuko wokulirapo pang'onopang'ono (monga aluminosilicate), ndikusiya wosanjikiza uliwonse kuti awumire pamalo olamulidwa. Chinyezi ndi mdani pano. Kutentha kwakukulu kumachepetsa kuyanika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chipolopolo chifooke. Mofulumira kwambiri, ndipo mumapeza ming'alu. Timayang'ana magawo 7 mpaka 9 nthawi zambiri, koma popanga zitsulo zazikulu, zitha kukhala 12 kapena kupitilira apo. Chigawo chilichonse chimawonjezera makulidwe ndi mphamvu kuti zipirire mphamvu ya ferrostatic yachitsulo chosungunuka. Ndakhala ndi zipolopolo zolephera - kung'ambika koopsa panthawi yothira - chifukwa tinkafulumira kuumitsa tsiku lachilimwe lachinyezi. Maphunziro okwera mtengo polemekeza ndondomekoyi.
Dewaxing ndi kumene dzina la 'lotaika sera' limachokera, ndipo ndi gawo lachiwawa. Sitisungunula sera pang'onopang'ono. Njira yokhazikika ndi autoclave dewaxing: chipolopolocho chimakhala ndi nthunzi yothamanga kwambiri, yomwe imatenthetsa sera, ndikupangitsa kuti ikule ndikutuluka. Ngati chipolopolocho sichimauma mokwanira, mphamvu ya nthunzi imatha kuiwuzira mkati mwake. Kapenanso, kuwotcha kwamoto wonyezimira—kuponyera chipolopolocho m’ng’anjo yotentha—kumakhala kofulumira koma koopsa chifukwa cha kutenthedwa kwa kutentha. Cholinga ndikusiya malo abwino, oyera a ceramic. Phulusa lililonse lotsala la sera likhoza kuwononga zitsulo pambuyo pake.
Pambuyo pochotsa phula, chipolopolocho chimawotchedwa mu ng'anjo yotentha kwambiri, nthawi zambiri pafupifupi 1000 ° C. Izi zimapanga zinthu ziwiri: zimawotcha phula kapena zomangira zomaliza, ndikumangirira tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta ceramic, ndikupanga nkhungu yolimba, yokonzeka kutsanulira. Ndondomeko yowombera ndi yofunika kwambiri. Yendani mwachangu kwambiri, ndipo kupsinjika kwa kutentha kumang'amba chipolopolo. Chigoba chowotchedwa ndi chosalimba koma chimatha kupirira kutentha. Inu mumachigwira icho ndi mtundu wa ulemu wokhazikika.
Kutsanulira, Kugwedeza, ndi Mphindi ya Choonadi
Kuthira ndi gawo lalikulu. Nkhungu, yomwe idakali yotentha kuchokera ku ng'anjo, imayikidwa mu botolo lodzaza mchenga kuti lichirikize. Chitsulo - kunena, a nickel-based alloy pa tsamba la turbine - amasungunuka mu vacuum kapena ng'anjo yolowera kuti itenthe bwino kwambiri. Kuthira kuyenera kukhala kofulumira komanso kosalekeza kuti musatseke kuzizira. Mukuwona zitsulo zikusefukira mu chikho cha sprue, ndiyeno ndi masewera oyembekezera pamene amalimbitsa. Kutentha kwa chipolopolo kumakhudza mwachindunji kapangidwe ka chitsulo. Ndicho chifukwa chake maphikidwe a ceramic ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa maziko ambiri.
Akazirala, ndi nthawi yoti mugwedezeke. Iyi ndi brute force imakumana ndi finesse. Mumathyola chipolopolo cha ceramic kutali, nthawi zambiri ndi nyundo ya pneumatic kapena tebulo logwedezeka. Ndi ntchito yaphokoso, yafumbi. Chotsalira ndi mtengo wachitsulo, wokutidwa ndi zokutira zolimba za ceramic. Ziwalozo zimadulidwa pakati pa sprue pogwiritsa ntchito mawilo abrasive kapena ma saw band. Aka ndi nthawi yoyamba mukuwona zojambula zosaphika. Kumverera pamene muwona mawonekedwe oyera, athunthu akutuluka ndi mpumulo weniweni. Kumverera mukamawona gawo losowa kapena kuchepa kwakukulu? Mantha.
Kuyeretsa koyamba kumaphatikizapo kuphulitsa mchenga kapena kuyeretsa mankhwala kuti muchotse zipolopolo zomaliza. Kenako kuyendera kumayamba. Macheke amtundu, kuyang'ana kowoneka bwino kwa zolakwika zapamtunda, kuyezetsa kolowera kwa utoto kwa ming'alu. Pazigawo zofunika kwambiri, monga zomwe QSY imapangira makina omaliza, mumapita ku radiographic (X-ray) kapena kuyesa kwa akupanga kuti mupeze zolakwika zamkati. Apa ndi pamene masitepe oyambirira amaweruzidwa. Kuchuluka kwa porosity pafilimu ya X-ray nthawi zambiri kumatha kutsatiridwa ndi vuto la sera kapena vuto la kapangidwe ka zitseko kuyambira kale.
Chifukwa Chake Sichingokhudza Kuponya
Nachi chinthu chamakono phula zitsulo kuponyera: si kawirikawiri mapeto a mzere. Gawo la as-cast ndi lapafupi ndi neti lopanda kanthu. Kuti izi zitheke, nthawi zonse zimafunikira makina. Apa ndipamene kuphatikiza kumafunika. Chiyambi chomwe chimamvetsetsa kupanga ndi golide. Adzapanga kupanga poganizira ma datums, onjezani ndalama zochepa koma zokwanira masheya, ndikuganizira mfundo zochepetsera. Mtundu wa QSY wopereka zonse zopangira ndalama komanso CNC makina pansi pa denga limodzi zimamveka bwino. Atha kuponya valavu ya zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri 17-4PH yokhala ndi nkhope zosindikizira zovuta zomwe zimasiyidwa ngati zoponyedwa, podziwa ndendende kuchuluka kwa katundu omwe angasiyire mphero zawo za CNC kuti amalize ku Ra 0.8 yabwino. Imathetsa kuloza chala pakati pa mashopu osiyana ndi makina ogulitsa.
Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu kumaphatikizaponso ndondomekoyi. Investment casting imapambana ndi ma alloys omwe ndi ovuta kupanga makina. Ndizopanda ndalama zambiri kupanga mawonekedwe ovuta kuchokera ku Inconel 718 kusiyana ndi kuyika makina kuchokera pa block yolimba. Njira zowonongeka ndizochepa. Pazigawo zing'onozing'ono zokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, monga mitu ya gofu kapena zoyika mano, amagwiritsa ntchito sera yokhala ndi zingwe zambiri komanso kusonkhana kwamitengo. Pazinthu zochepa, zazikulu - ganizirani nyumba yapampu imodzi yopangira migodi-ikhoza kukhala mtengo wopangidwa ndi manja kuchokera pamapangidwe opangidwa kudzera mu prototyping mofulumira. Njirayi imakula, koma mfundo zazikuluzikulu sizisintha.
Ndawonapo masitolo akuyesera kudula ngodya-kugwiritsanso ntchito slurry nthawi zambiri, kufupikitsa nthawi yowumitsa, kulumpha kusanthula kwathunthu kwamafuta pamapangidwe atsopano. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse zimabwerera m'mbuyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwongoleredwe ziwonjezeke zomwe zimachotsa ndalama zomwe akuganiza kuti asungidwe. Makampani omwe amakhalapo, monga omwe ali ndi zaka 30 za mbiri yakale, amamvetsetsa kuti ndi dongosolo. Ndizokhudza kuwongolera mazana osiyanasiyana kuti mukwaniritse kusasinthika. Simatsenga; ndizosamala, nthawi zina zotopetsa, zowongolera.
Malingaliro Omaliza: Njira Yokonzanso
Choncho, kuponyera phula zitsulo, kapena kuponya ndalama, si njira imodzi. Ndi chimango. Sera ndi poyambira, koma dongosolo la zipolopolo za ceramic ndilo mtima weniweni, ndipo zitsulo ndi moyo. Kupambana kwagona momwe mumayendetsera mayanjano pakati pawo. Ndi njira yoyenera kuvutikira, ma aloyi omwe amaseka zida zodulira, komanso mapulogalamu omwe magwiridwe antchito amakulira chilichonse.
Kwa mainjiniya omwe akupanga gawo latsopano, upangiri wanga wosafunsidwa ndikuti mulankhule ndi maziko anu molawirira. Osangotumiza chitsanzo chomaliza cha CAD kuti mutengere mtengo. Alowetseni mu gawo la kupanga-kwa-kupanga. Kusintha pang'ono kwa ngodya, kusintha kosawoneka bwino kwa radius, kapena chipata chosunthira kungatanthauze kusiyana pakati pa zokolola za 95% ndi zokolola za 70%. ukatswiri pa Integrated wopanga si kutsanulira zitsulo; ndikuyendetsa unyolo wonse kuchokera ku sera kupita kumakina omalizidwa.
Pamapeto pake, zomwe zimatuluka mu chipolopolo chosweka cha ceramic ndizoposa zitsulo. Ndichimaliziro cha njira zazitali zotsatizana, iliyonse ikutsamira pomalizira pake. Zikagwira ntchito, zimamveka ngati kupanga komanso ngati alchemy, zomwe zimapezedwa poyesa, zolakwika, ndi grit wosonkhanitsidwa. Ndiyo nkhani yeniyeni kuseri kwa sera.
