Mukamva 'ductile iron casting', chinthu choyamba chomwe chimabwera m'maganizo ndi kapangidwe ka ma graphite, ma spheroids omwe amapereka kusinthasintha. Koma m'malo mwake, ndiye chiyambi chabe. Vuto lenileni ndikusakwaniritsa nodularization - zopezeka zabwino kwambiri zimatha kuthana ndi izi ndi chithandizo cha MgFeSi. Ikuwongolera chilichonse chomwe chimachitika isanachitike komanso ikatha mphindiyo kuti mupeze kuponya komwe sikungodutsa mayeso a labu, koma kumachita m'munda popanda kusweka pansi pampanipani kapena kulephera msanga kuchokera pansi pamadzi. Ndawona zambiri zomwe zimangoyitanitsa chitsulo cha ductile ndikuganiza kuti Gulu 60-40-18 laperekedwa. Si. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa phokoso la phokoso ndi chidutswa chachitsulo nthawi zambiri chimakhala mu mapangidwe a gating system, kuzizira kwa nkhungu, komanso nthawi yowononga inoculant - zambiri zomwe sizimapangitsa kuti pakhale chiphaso.
Udindo Wosamvetsetseka wa Inoculation ndi Mold Interaction
Tiyeni tikambirane katemera. Si ntchito imodzi yokha mutalandira chithandizo. Katemera wochedwa mtsinje ndi muyezo, zedi, koma ngati nkhungu wanu ndi ozizira, wandiweyani utomoni mchenga, mukulimbana nkhondo ina. Kuzizira kofulumira kumatha kulimbikitsa ma carbides, makamaka m'zigawo zoonda, ngakhale ndi katemera wabwino. Ndikukumbukira gulu la ma hydraulic valve matupi omwe tidachita, mwina zaka zisanu zapitazo. The umagwirira anali wangwiro, mankhwala anali buku. Koma tinali ndi zovuta zowuma pankhope za flange. Tinatsegula njira yopangira zipolopolo zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito - masitolo apadera monga Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chakuya ndi chipolopolo nkhungu kuponyera-kunali kuziziritsa zitsulo mwachangu kwambiri m'malo enieniwo. Tinkafunika kusintha zokutira nkhungu, kusinthira ku katemera wamphamvu kwambiri wokhala ndi bismuth, ndikusintha kutentha kothira ndi 15°C chabe. Zenera laling'ono limenelo linapanga kusiyana pakati pa kuvomereza ndi kukana. Ndi mtundu wamtunduwu womwe mumangophunzira poyendetsa kupanga ndikuwona mawonekedwe omwe ali mu malipoti olephera.
Izi zikugwirizana ndi mfundo yowonjezereka yokhudzana ndi maziko. Simumangofuna munthu yemwe angathe kutsanulira chitsulo cha ductile. Mufunika bwenzi lomwe limamvetsetsa zonse zopanga. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kuponya kumafuna njira zovuta zamkati komanso pambuyo pake CNC makina Pamalo osindikizira olondola, njira yoyambira yolumikizirana ndi momwe amapangira kuti achepetse kupsinjika kotsalira kumakhala kofunikira. Sitolo yomwe imangopanga zoponya sizingaphatikizepo zovuta zamakina zomwe zimawulula porosity yobisika. Ntchito yophatikizika yokhazikika, monga momwe zafotokozedwera https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, yomwe imagwira ntchito zonse zoponya ndi kupanga, imapanga mwachibadwa ndi sitepe yotsatira m'maganizo. Amadziwa komwe angayike zodyetsa osati kuti zikhale zomveka bwino, komanso kuti asiye katundu wabwino, wokhazikika wa malo ogulitsa makina, kupewa malo olimba omwe amawononga zida.
Ponena za makina, ndilo malo ena omwe mbiri ya ductile iron ya machinability yabwino ikhoza kusokeretsa. Inde, ndi bwino kuposa chitsulo imvi malingana ndi moyo zida, zambiri. Koma machinability a kalasi ya 65-45-12 amatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera kuchuluka kwa pearlite / ferrite mu microstructure. Gawo lomwe nthawi zambiri limakhala la ferritic limakulitsa zida, pomwe imodzi yokhala ndi pearlite yochulukirapo (makamaka ngati ndi yokhuthala) imayika zoyika pansi mwachangu. Choyambiracho chimayenera kuwongolera kuzizira komanso kuwongolera kotsatira komwe kungachitike kuti igwire bwino pamakina, osati chifukwa champhamvu yokhazikika. Ndikuchita bwino.
Kupeza ndi Kudyetsa: Kumene Chiphunzitso Chimakumana ndi Pansi
Magawo owerengera mabuku ndi poyambira otetezeka, koma nthawi zambiri amalephera kuchita ma geometries ovuta. Cholinga chake ndi kudzaza bata kuti musalowe m'malo a slag ndi zinyalala, komanso kuwongolera zitsulo zotentha kwambiri ku magawo omwe amafunikira kudyetsedwa kwambiri. Pakuponyera chitsulo cholemera kwambiri, monga giya yopanda kanthu kapena nyumba yapampu, mukukumana ndi kuchepa kwakukulu. Ndi vuto la chakudya, koma ndi vuto lakukulitsa ma graphite. Kukula panthawi yolimba kumatha kubwezera kuchepa, koma kokha ngati nkhunguyo ili yolimba mokwanira kuti ikhale nayo. Ngati khoma la nkhungu lisuntha, mumapeza shrinkage porosity. Ndicho chifukwa chake kusankha pakati pa mchenga wobiriwira ndi mchenga womangidwa ndi mankhwala (monga furan kapena phenolic urethane) sikophweka. Pazigawo zodalirika kwambiri, kukhazikika kwapamwamba kwa makina omangika ndi mankhwala nthawi zambiri kumakhala koyenera mtengo wowonjezera.
Tidaphunzira izi movutikira pantchito yopanga makina opangira ma compressor. Zinali zooneka mophweka, koma ndi gawo limodzi lokhuthala. Tinagwiritsa ntchito njira yolowera mumchenga wobiriwira. Zithunzizo zidadutsa X-ray, koma pakuyesa umboni, ochepa adalephera pamalopo. Chilemacho sichinali kuchepa kwachikale; chinali chochuluka cha microporosity yobalalika. Khoma la nkhungulo linali litawomba pang'ono, zokwanira kungoletsa chitoliro koma osakwanira kutsimikizira kulimba kwathunthu. Tinasinthira ku nkhungu yamchenga wa furan wa gawolo lokha (kusintha kokwera mtengo koma koyenera) ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yoziziritsa nkhonya pafupi ndi malo a nkhunguyo. Ndinathetsa vuto. Zotengera? Simungangopanga ma geting system paokha. Muyenera kupanga kuuma kwa nkhungu ndi kuzizira kozungulira.
Apa ndipamene zaka zambiri zakupanga mapangidwe ndi luso la uinjiniya wa nkhungu zimalipira. Kampani yomwe ili ndi mbiri yayitali, tinene zaka zopitilira 30 monga tafotokozera m'mbiri ya machitidwe a QSY, yamanga laibulale yamalingaliro pazolumikizana izi. Iwo awona zomwe zimagwira ntchito pazambiri kutsutsana ndi gudumu. Kudziwa pang'onopang'ono kumeneku kumadziwitsa kamangidwe kawo koyambirira, ndikuletsa zoyeserera zambiri zoyeserera ndi zolakwika. Sichinthu chomwe mungapangire mosavuta pulogalamu yoyeserera, ngakhale kuyerekezera kumathandiza kuchepetsa zosankhazo.
Zinthu Zakuthupi: Si Iron Ndi Mpweya Wokha
Ductile iron si chinthu chimodzi. Miyezo ya ASTM (60-40-18, 65-45-12, 80-55-06, etc.) imatanthauzidwa ndi kutsika kocheperako komanso kutulutsa mphamvu ndi kutalika. Koma zosintha zomwe sizinatchulidwe - kukana kwamphamvu pa kutentha kochepa, mphamvu ya kutopa, kutulutsa kwamafuta - kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zinthu zotsatsira komanso chithandizo cha kutentha. Mwachitsanzo, manganese. Muzitsulo, ndizolimbikitsa. Mu chitsulo cha ductile, mkulu Mn (pamwamba pa 0,3% kapena kuposa) amagawaniza malire a selo ndikulimbikitsa pearlite, zomwe ziri bwino, koma zimatha kupanga carbides zomwe zimapweteka kulimba ndi machinability. Muyenera kuchepetsa, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatanthawuza kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo choyera kwambiri cha nkhumba kapena zitsulo zachitsulo.
Ndiye pali mkuwa ndi malata, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati olimbikitsa pearlite kuti apeze mphamvu zapamwamba. Koma ziyenera kuonjezedwa molondola. Kuchuluka, ndipo mutha kusintha kuzizira kapena kuuma kwambiri. Ndawonapo gulu la ma castings omwe amayenera kukhala 80-55-06 akubwera pafupi chifukwa chowonjezera cha malata sichinawerengedwe molakwika. Iwo anali amphamvu ngati gehena, koma brittle. Iwo amayenera kuwonjezeredwa, zomwe zimawonjezera mtengo ndi nthawi yozungulira. Ndi chikumbutso kuti ng'anjo chemistry control ndi tsiku, ola lililonse chilango.
Ndipo izi ndi musanaganizirenso ma aloyi apadera. Ngakhale kuti zitsulo zokhala ndi ma ductile zimagwira ntchito zambiri m'mafakitale, nthawi zina mumafunika chitsulo chosungunuka kuti muvale kapena kukana kutentha - kuwonjezera faifi tambala, chromium, kapena molybdenum. Kapena, kugwiritsa ntchito kumafuna banja losiyana kwambiri, monga ma aloyi opangidwa ndi cobalt kapena zitsulo zopangidwa ndi nickel zomwe zida zina zapamwamba zimagwirira ntchito. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za kutulutsa mawu zikugwirabe ntchito, koma kusungunula, kuchiritsa, ndi kuthirira kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Mphepete mwazolakwa imachepa. Chitsulo chomwe chimayendetsa bwino zinthu zachilendozi chikhoza kukhala ndi machitidwe okhwima omwe amafunikira kuti apange ma ductile iron castings.
Zowona za Dimensional Tolerances ndi Kumaliza
Mutu wina wothandiza ndikugwira miyeso. Chitsulo chachitsulo chimakhala ndi gawo laling'ono lochepa kwambiri la wopanga, nthawi zambiri pafupifupi 0.8-1.0%. Koma si yunifolomu. Kuponyedwa kwautali, kophwanyika kudzazungulira mosiyana ndi kophatikizana, kophatikizana. Chitsanzo chokhacho chiyenera kukonzedwa chifukwa cha kupotoza komwe kukuyembekezeka, komwe kuli luso kwambiri kuposa sayansi. Timagwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwa 3D pazojambula zoyambirira kuti tifananize ndi mtundu wa CAD, kenaka sinthani mawonekedwewo. Ndi nthawi yambiri.
Kumaliza kwa pamwamba ndi chinthu china chomwe chimakhala chonyezimira. Malo oyera, osalala ngati oponyedwa samangokhudza kukongola; imachepetsa nthawi yoyeretsa, imathandizira kumamatira kwa zokutira, ndipo imatha kukhala moyo wotopa. Ubwino wa mchenga woumba (nambala ya AFS) ndi mtundu wa zokutira nkhungu ndizofunikira. Pamchenga wokangalika, wopserera nthawi zambiri umasonyeza kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri, kapena mchenga wosasunthika pang'ono. Koma nthawi zina, malo okhwima pang'ono m'malo osafunikira ndi malonda omwe mumavomereza kuti mutsimikizire kuti magawo oonda adzaza. Ndi kuitana chiweruzo.
Apa ndipamene chitsanzo cha utumiki wathunthu chimasonyeza mtengo wake. Pamene bungwe lomwelo liri ndi udindo woponya ndi wotsatira CNC makina, amawona mbali zonse. Atha kusankha kusiya 2mm yowonjezera pankhope yomwe imakonda kuphatikizidwa ndi mchenga, podziwa kuti malo awo ogulitsira makina amatha kuyeretsa bwino. Amapanga mapangidwe oponyera ndi gating kuti achepetse ntchito yoyeretsa. Kuphatikizana kumeneku kumathetsa kuloza kwa chala komwe kungachitike pakati pa ogulitsa osiyana ndi opanga makina pakabuka vuto. Cholinga chimakhala pakupereka gawo lomaliza, logwira ntchito.
Kuyang'ana M'mbuyo ndi Kupita Patsogolo
Pambuyo pazaka zambiri m'munda uno, mumayamba kuwona chitsulo cha ductile osati ngati chinthu chamtengo wapatali, koma ngati dongosolo. Dongosololi limaphatikizapo zida zolipiritsa, njira yochizira, kapangidwe ka nkhungu ndi zida, mchitidwe wothira, ndi ntchito zoponya pambuyo pake. Kufooka mu ulalo uliwonse kumawonekera mu gawo lomaliza, nthawi zina nthawi yomweyo, nthawi zina miyezi pambuyo pake m'munda. The best foundries osati ntchito masitepe awa; amamvetsetsa ubale woyambitsa ndi zotsatirapo pakati pawo.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikawunika wogulitsa, ndimayang'ana mochepera pazolinga zawo zamalonda komanso njira zawo zothetsera mavuto. Kodi ali ndi mapepala atsatanetsatane a ntchito iliyonse? Kodi angafotokoze chifukwa chomwe anasankha kukula kwake kwa feeder kapena kutentha kothira? Kodi amalemba zopotoka ndi zotsatira zake? Wothandizana nawo mwaukadaulo, monga yemwe wafotokozedwa koyambirira kwa zaka makumi atatu akumuyang'ana chipolopolo nkhungu kuponyera, kuponya ndalama, ndi kupanga makina, nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi mwambo umenewu. Webusaiti yawo, tsngtaocnc.com, akulozera kukula kwa kuthekera uku, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti amayenera kuthana ndi zovuta zambiri zaukadaulo panjira zosiyanasiyana ndi zida, kuyambira chitsulo chachitsulo ndi zitsulo kwa iwo ma aloyi apadera.
Pamapeto pake, wopambana ductile iron cast ndi za kusasinthika kolamuliridwa ndi kusinthika kodziwitsidwa. Palibe njira imodzi yolondola, njira yokhayo yomwe imatulutsa phokoso, gawo logwira ntchito pamapangidwe operekedwa, mkati mwa mtengo, komanso panthawi yake. Ndi luso lochirikizidwa ndi sayansi, ndipo ndikusonkhanitsa maphunziro ang'onoang'ono, opambana movutikira - nthawi zambiri kuchokera ku zolephera - zomwe zimalekanitsa maziko aluso ndi odalirika. Cholinga chake nthawi zonse ndikupangitsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yodziwikiratu, kotero kuti ntchito yoponyera m'manja mwa kasitomala imakhala yosakayikira.
