Mukamva 'Incoloy chubu,' chinthu choyamba chomwe chimatuluka nthawi zambiri ndi pepala la data - mawonekedwe a austenitic, maziko a nickel-iron-chromium, kukana kwa okosijeni. Koma ndi poyambira chabe. Nkhani yeniyeni imayamba pamene mukuyesera kuipinda, kuiwotcherera, kapena kukankhira malire ake pamalo owawa. Ndawona ma projekiti ambiri akupunthwa chifukwa amawaona ngati mawu omaliza. Banja la alloy, monga Mtengo wa 800H kapena Mtengo wa 825, kumakupatsani chimango, koma khalidwe la chubu limayang'aniridwa ndi mbiri yake yonse - kuchokera ku sitolo yosungunuka kupita ku chithandizo chomaliza cha kutentha. Kulondola kumeneko ndi komwe zaka zambiri zoyambira ndi kupanga makina, monga zomwe mumapeza kumakampani monga Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY), ndizofunikira.
Ma Nuances Opanga Omwe Amasamaliridwa Kwambiri
Tiyeni tiyankhule za njira yoponyera machubu awa, makamaka pazophatikizira zovuta kapena zigawo zokhuthala. Ndi kuponya ndalama, zomwe QSY yakhala ikuchita kwa zaka zopitilira 30, kuwongolera kapangidwe ka tirigu ndikofunikira kwambiri Chubu cha Ikoloy. Sikuti kungothira madziwo. Chigoba cha nkhungu, kutentha kusanayambe kutentha, kuzizira - kupatuka pang'ono apa kungayambitse kusiyana kwa zinthu monga titaniyamu kapena aluminiyamu m'makalasi ngati 800H. Izi siziwoneka nthawi zonse pamayeso wamba a PMI, koma zimakuvutitsani mukamagwira ntchito yotentha kwambiri, zomwe zimatsogolera kukhumudwitsidwa msanga. Ndikukumbukira gulu la mitu yambirimbiri yomwe idapitilira kuyesa kuyesa kwa hydro pa ma welds; wolakwayo adachokera ku kuzizira kosagwirizana mu gawo lopangira ndalama, ndikupanga mfundo zapakhomo zomwe palibe amene adaganiza zofufuza.
Ndiye pali makina. Anthu amaganiza kuti chifukwa ndi aloyi wa nickel, mumangoponyera carbide ndikuyembekeza zabwino. Ndiwo njira yofulumira ku zida zowonongeka ndi malo olimba ogwirira ntchito. Mapangidwe a chip stringy a Incoloy amatha kukhala owopsa. Mufunika khwekhwe lolimba, ma angles abwino, ndi chisankho chokhazikika pa zoziziritsa kuziziritsa - nthawi zina kusefukira kwamphamvu kumakhala kofunikira, nthawi zina pamachitidwe ena, mutha kuyandikira pouma kuti mupewe zovuta. Cholinga chake ndikukwaniritsa kutha kwa pamwamba popanda kuyika kupsinjika, komwe kumakhala malo oyambira kupsinjika kwa dzimbiri pambuyo pake. Ndikumverera komwe mukukula, osati zomwe mumapeza kuchokera m'mabuku.
Chithandizo cha kutentha pambuyo poponya ndi malo ena opangira migodi. Njira yothetsera nkhawa ndiyokhazikika, koma sing'anga yozimitsa ndi liwiro ndi chilichonse. Kuzimitsa madzi? Mafuta? Mpweya wokakamizidwa? Zimatengera makulidwe a gawo la chubu. Mpanda wokhuthala Mtengo wa 825 chubu chozimitsidwa mwamphamvu kwambiri chimatha kupindika kapena kusweka. Pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mumakhala pachiwopsezo chamvula ya carbide m'malire a tirigu, ndikugonjetsa cholinga chake polimbana ndi dzimbiri. Tinaphunzira izi movutirapo pa ntchito ya geothermal, pomwe machubu adalephera kuyang'ana pambuyo pa zomwe tinkaganiza kuti ndi zolemba zamabuku. Mng'anjo wa ng'anjoyo unali wandiweyani kwambiri, kupanga mbiri yosagwirizana ndi kutentha. Linali phunziro lokwera mtengo pakukula ndi kuwongolera njira.
Kuwotcherera: Kumene Chiphunzitso Chimakumana ndi Torch
Apa ndi pomwe mphira umakumana ndi msewu. Aliyense amalankhula za kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zofananira, koma kukonzekera ndi 90% yankhondo. Za a Chubu cha Ikoloy, nkhope ya bevel ndi mainchesi amkati (ID) ayenera kukhala aukhondo - ndipo sindikutanthauza kupukuta. Tizilombo tachitsulo chilichonse chophatikizidwa kuchokera ku zida zam'mbuyomu (kukupera fumbi lochokera ku chitsulo cha kaboni chapafupi ndi chonyansa chambiri) kumapangitsa kuti chitsulo chisungunuke mu dziwe la weld. Izi zitha kutsitsa kwambiri kukana kwa dzimbiri pa weld zone, ndikupanga anode yabwino pakuwukira kwa galvanic muutumiki.
Kuwongolera kutentha kwa interpass sikungakambirane koma nthawi zambiri kumayang'aniridwa mosasamala. Kulola chubu kuti litenthe kwambiri pakati pa madutsa, makamaka m'malo oletsedwa, kungayambitse kumera kwa njere kudera lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi kutentha (HAZ). Derali limakhala ulalo wofooka, wocheperako komanso wosavuta kusweka pansi pa njinga yamoto. Ndawonapo owotcherera akuyesa kuthamangitsa chowotcherera socket pa chubu cha Incoloy cham'mimba mwake, osanyalanyaza kuchuluka kwa kutentha, ndikungopangitsa kuti weld ang'ambike momveka panthawi yozizira. Zimamveka ngati 'ping' yaying'ono - phokoso la kukonzanso.
Kuyeretsa msana ndi chiphunzitso china. Pamachubu onyamula media zowononga, kuthandizira kwathunthu kwa argon ndikofunikira kuti mupewe shuga (oxidation) pa ID weld bead. Koma kuchuluka kwa voliyumu ndi kutuluka kwake ndizofunikira. Kupanikizika kwambiri ndipo mumadutsa muzu wanu; pang'ono kwambiri ndipo mumapeza mizu yovunda, yoipitsidwa. Kwa nthawi yayitali yamapaipi, takhala tikugwiritsa ntchito madamu osungunuka osungunuka, omwe makampani odziwa kupanga ndi kupanga ngati QSY angawadziwe bwino, kuteteza gasi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti azitha kufalikira. Ndi chinyengo chosavuta, koma kuiwala kumasokoneza kukhulupirika kwa chubu lonse kuchokera mkati kupita kunja.
Msampha Wosankha Zinthu
Kulakwitsa kofala ndikusinthira ku giredi yotchuka kwambiri, monga Mtengo wa 800H, kwa ntchito zotentha kwambiri popanda kuganizira za chilengedwe chonse. Inde, ili ndi mphamvu zazikulu komanso kukana kwa carburization. Koma ngati chilengedwe chili ndi sulfure wochulukirapo, mutha kutumizidwa bwino ndi nickel content alloy. Mapepala a deta amalemba zotsutsa zazikulu, koma opha mwakachetechete ndi zonyansa zazing'ono zomwe zikuyenda. A kulephera kusanthula ine ndinali mbali ya sulfidation kuukira 800H machubu mu ng'anjo reformer; kusanthula kwa feedstock kunasintha pang'ono, ndipo palibe amene adawunikanso kuyenerera kwazinthuzo.
Ndiye pali masewera osinthira okwera mtengo. Wina amawona 'nickel-based' ndikuganiza kuti austenitic yotsika mtengo ngati 304H ingachite. Kwa ntchito zina zowononga dzimbiri, mwina. Koma pakutopa kowona kwamafuta ndi kukana kukwawa, mawonekedwe a microstructure a Incoloy ndiosiyana kwambiri. Njira zolimbitsira kuchokera pazowonjezera za aluminium / titaniyamu (m'makalasi osalimba) kapena njira yolimba yolimba kuchokera ku molybdenum ndi mkuwa (mu Mtengo wa 825) sizowonjezera zowonjezera. Iwo ndi mankhwala. Kusankha chubu ndi kufananitsa zitsulo zake ndi njira zolephera zomwe mukuyesera kuziletsa.
Apa ndipamene kuyanjana ndi ogulitsa omwe amamvetsetsa ulendo wazinthu ndizofunikira. Kampani yomwe imagwira chilichonse kuyambira pakuyika chipolopolo chamitundu yobiriwira mpaka kumapeto kwa CNC kumapeto kwa chubu ndi ma flanges, monga QSY, imawonekera mu unyolo wonse. Sakungodula chubu cha katundu; amamvetsetsa momwe kuponyera kwa porosity, ngati kulipo, kumakhudzira pamwamba pa makina, kapena momwe kutentha kwa mphero kungagwirizane ndi ntchito yowotcherera. Kuwona kokwanira koteroko kumalepheretsa kuloza zala zambiri pambuyo pake.
Real-World Application ndi Zolephera Zolephera
M’zosinthanitsa kutentha, machubu ndi amene amapereka moyo. Ndagwirapo ntchito pazipolopolo ndi chubu mayunitsi kumene Chubu cha Ikoloy mtolo unatchulidwa molondola, koma ndondomeko yowotcherera chubu-to-tubesheet inali yongoganizira. Kukula kwapang'onopang'ono pakati pa chubu cha Incoloy ndi carbon steel tubesheet kumabweretsa kupsinjika kwakukulu. Mufunika tsatanetsatane wa weld, nthawi zambiri wokhala ndi weld wamphamvu wotsatiridwa ndi chosindikizira, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale kuphulika kwa chubu mu pepala kuti athe kuthana ndi zovutazo. Dumphani masitepe awa, ndipo muwona kutayikira pamalumikizidwe mkati mwa matenthedwe ochepa oyamba.
Mfundo ina yobisika ndi kutopa koyambitsa kugwedezeka. Ma alloys a Inconel nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa chifukwa cha izi, koma machubu a Incoloy m'mipata yayitali, osathandizidwa, titi, chowotcha chowotcha chimathanso kuvutika. Sinthawi zonse pamapangidwe kuti muwone ngati kugwedezeka kwamayimbidwe kapena kugwedezeka kochititsa chidwi. Tinali ndi vuto pomwe banki ya Mtengo wa 825 machubu mu chotenthetsera zinyalala adapanga ming'alu pafupi ndi zothandizira. Choyambitsa chake chinali ma frequency a resonant okhazikitsidwa ndi kutuluka kwa gasi, zomwe kusanthula kosavuta sikunagwire. Kukonzekera kumaphatikizapo kuwonjezera zothandizira zapakati pazitali kuti zisinthe ma frequency achilengedwe - njira yosavuta yamakina yamagawo ovuta azitsulo.
Kuyendera ndi njira yanu yomaliza yodzitetezera. Dye penetrant test (PT) ndi yabwino kwa ming'alu ya pamwamba, koma Machubu a Ikoloy, makamaka mutatha kuwotcherera, ndine wothandizira kuyesa kwa eddy panopa (ECT) kwa malo omwe akhudzidwa ndi kutentha. Itha kutenga zovuta zapansi panthaka komanso kusiyanasiyana kwazinthu zomwe PT imaphonya. Mayeso a Ultrasonic (UT) ndiabwino kwa makulidwe a khoma ndi zolakwika zazikulu, koma kuyiyika moyenera kuti ikhale yambewu yolimba ya chigawo cha pulasitiki kapena chowotcherera cha Inkoloy kumafuna midadada yoyeserera yopangidwa ndi zinthu zofanana. Kugwiritsa ntchito chipika chachitsulo chokhazikika kumakupatsani kuwerengera kosadalirika. Ndizomwezi zomwe zimalekanitsa QA yoyenera ndi zolemba zolemba.
Malingaliro Omaliza: Ndi Njira, Osati Chogulitsa
Choncho, pamene mukufufuza kapena kufotokozera Chubu cha Ikoloy, sikuti mukungogula aloyi wosawononga dzimbiri. Mukugula kukhulupirika kwa njira yonse yopangira yomwe idapanga. Mchitidwe wosungunula, magawo oponyera, njira yopangira kutentha, njira yopangira makina, ndi ndondomeko yowotchera zonse zaphikidwa kuti zitheke. Simungathe kuyang'ana khalidwe mu chubu chomwe sichinapangidwe bwino kuyambira pachiyambi.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake maziko a ogulitsa akuwonetsa. Kampani yomwe ili ndi mizu yozama pakupanga ndi kupanga makina, monga Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., imabweretsa malingaliro okhazikika. Iwo ayenera kuti anakumana ndi warping pa kutentha kutentha, zida kuvala pa makina, ndi zovuta-up-up panthawi yopanga. Chochitika chimenecho chimamasulira kukhala chinthu chodalirika chifukwa amamvetsetsa zosinthika. Mutha kupeza njira yawo yogwirira ntchito ndi ma aloyi apadera monga awa patsamba lawo, https://www.tsingtaocnc.com.
Pamapeto pake, pepalalo limakulowetsani mu ballpark. Koma kusunga chubu lanu la Incoloy likuyenda modalirika kwa zaka zambiri kumatsikira ku chidziwitso cham'manja cha momwe zinthu zimakhalira pomwe sizili bwino, lab-condition. Ndi za kuyembekezera mavuto omwe mulibe m'kabukuka. Ndiko kusiyana pakati pa chubu chomwe chimakumana ndi code ndi chubu chomwe chimatha.
