Anthu ambiri akamva za 'chitsulo chopanga ndalama', amawona chinthu chopanda cholakwika, chofanana ndi ukonde chikutuluka mu nkhungu, chakonzeka kupita. Ndilo mtundu wa kabukuka. Chowonadi, chomwe mumaphunzira patatha zaka zingapo ndi nkhokwe zochepa, ndikuti ndikuvina kosagwirizana. Sikuti amangosungunuka zitsulo ndikuzitsanulira mu chipolopolo cha ceramic. Ndizokhudza kuyang'anira kusiyana pakati pa kachulukidwe ka malingaliro a chitsanzo chanu cha CAD ndi zenizeni zenizeni za chitsulo cholimba-kuchepa, kupotoza, kuphatikizika. Ambiri obwera kumene, ngakhale ogula ena, amaganiza kuti ndi njira yamatsenga pazovuta zilizonse. Si. Ndi chida champhamvu, koma ngati mumvetsetsa chilankhulo chake.
The Core Illusion: As-Cast Finish
Tiyeni tiwone izi molunjika. Mawu akuti as-cast kumaliza mu chuma chamtengo wapatali ndi pafupifupi dzina lolakwika ngati mukuganiza za pamwamba makina. Zomwe mumapeza ndizowoneka bwino kwambiri kuchokera ku nkhungu ya ceramic, yomwe ndiyabwino kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kuponya mchenga, koma ikadali pamwamba. Kwa thupi la ma hydraulic valve, zitha kukhala zabwino m'malo osasindikiza. Kwa aerofoil ya tsamba la turbine, ndikofunikira. Mtengo wa Ra ukhoza kuwoneka bwino pamapepala, koma mdierekezi ali m'malo am'deralo - micro-porosity, ma peel pang'ono a lalanje kuchokera ku ceramic slurry. Ndawonapo mapulojekiti akuyimitsidwa chifukwa gulu lopanga lidatchula Ra ngati-3.2μm kudera lonselo, osazindikira kuti ngodya zamkati ndi zocheperako zimakhala zovuta. Muyenera kupanga ndi ndondomekoyi m'maganizo, osati kukakamiza ndondomekoyi kuti igwirizane ndi zoyenera.
Apa ndipamene mgwirizano ndi maziko amasanduka uinjiniya, osati kungogula zinthu. Sitolo ngati Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ndi zaka makumi atatu mu chipolopolo ndi kuponya ndalama, ndidzakuuzani izi mwamsanga. Iwo aziwona izo zonse. Phindu lawo silimangopanga chipolopolo; ndikuwunikanso chojambulira chanu ndikulozera, Onani khoma lopyapyalali loyandikana ndi chikwama chachikulu? Ndi malo otentha. Zitha kukopa porosity kapena kupangitsa kuti patsekeke pakhoma. Tiyeni tiwonjeze chokwera apa, kapena bwino apobe, kodi tingathe kusintha pang'ono geometry? Kukambirana kumeneko kumapulumutsa masabata a kulephera kusanthula pambuyo pake.
Ntchito yomanga zipolopolo palokha ndi ntchito yamanja. Kuviika koyamba kwa slurry, stucco yamchenga, kuyanika - gawo lililonse ndi mwayi wowonetsa kusiyanasiyana. Tsiku lachinyezi ku Qingdao limatha kuchedwetsa kuyanika, kukhudza mphamvu yomaliza ya chipolopolo. Choyambitsa chabwino chimawongolera izi, koma si ntchito yokankha-batani. Mukapita kumalo osungiramo zinthu zakale ndikuwona mizere yowumitsa, iliyonse ili ndi magulu a zipolopolo zoyera zowoneka ngati mazira achilendo, mukuyang'ana pamtima pa ndondomekoyi. Kulondola kumamangidwa wosanjikiza ndi wosanjikiza weniweni.
Zosankha Zakuthupi: Si Chitsulo Chabe
Kutchula chitsulo cha carbon kuli ngati kulowa mu lesitilanti ndikupempha chakudya. Ndizopanda tanthauzo. Kodi tikulankhula za low-carbon 1020 pa bulaketi yosavuta? Kapena 4340 pagawo lamphamvu kwambiri, lotenthetsera kutentha? Aloyiyo imalamula chilichonse: kuthira kutentha, madzimadzi, shrinkage factor, kuyankha kwa kutentha kwa kutentha, komanso makina omaliza.
Ili ndi gawo lina lomwe chidziwitso cha trumps. Pazigawo zolimbana ndi dzimbiri, 304 kapena 316 zosapanga dzimbiri ndizofunsidwa wamba. Koma 316 ili ndi mpweya wabwino woponyera kuposa 304, womwe ungatanthauze kuchulukitsa kwatsatanetsatane. Komabe, ngati gawolo likufunika kukonza makina pambuyo popanga, kuchuluka kwa ntchito kwa 316 kumatha kukhala kowopsa kwa malo ogulitsira. Nthawi zina, kusankha giredi yosinthika ngati 303, ngakhale kukana kuwononga pang'ono, ndiye kusankha kwanzeru pamakina. Zochitika za QSY zokhala ndi zosakaniza zosapanga dzimbiri komanso zapadera monga zopangira faifi zimawapatsa laibulale yazidziwitso zothandiza izi. Iwo sali kungotsanulira zitsulo; akuyembekezera mndandanda wonse wopanga.
Ndiye palinso zofunsira zovutirapo—kutentha kwambiri, kuvala kwambiri. Ndiko kumene miyala ya cobalt ndi faifi tambala imabwera kuponya ndalama ndondomeko ndi pafupifupi njira yokhayo kupanga zinthu intractable izi mu akalumikidzidwa zovuta. Koma mtengo wake suli mu zopangira zokha, zomwe ndi zakuthambo. Ndi mu ulamuliro ndondomeko. Ma alloys awa amakhudzidwa ndi kugwedezeka kwamafuta; kutentha kwa chipolopolo chisanayambe kutsanuliridwa kumakhala chinthu chofunika kwambiri, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimayesedwa ndi kulamulidwa mpaka madigiri makumi angapo. Kuponda molakwika apa sikungotanthauza mbali yolakwika; angatanthauze chigoba chong'ambika ndi kutayika kwamtengo wapatali kwa superalloy yosungunuka.
The Handoff: Kuponyera ku CNC Machining
Awa ndi malo opangira-kapena-kupumula omwe ambiri omwe amayima okha amalimbana nawo. Kuponyera koyenera sikuthandiza ngati malo ogulitsa makina sangathe kugwira bwino kuti apeye nkhope za datum. Vuto lalikulu kwambiri nthawi zambiri ndi gawo la as-cast stock allowance. Ikani mochulukira, ndipo mukuwononga nthawi yopanga makina ndi moyo wa zida pongotaya zinthu zochulukirapo. Ikani pang'ono, ndipo khoma limodzi lopanda kulolerana pang'ono limatanthawuza kuti wodulayo sangathe kuyeretsa pamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zidutswa zochepa.
Ntchito zophatikizika zili ndi mwayi waukulu pano. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mtundu wa QSY, kuphatikiza kuponyera ndi makina awo a CNC, ndiwothandiza kwambiri. Gulu lawo la makina limagwira ntchito mwachindunji ndi maziko awo. Iwo amapanga chiwongola dzanja. Akatswiri amauza oyambitsawo, Tikupeza nthawi zonse flange iyi yokulirapo 0.5mm mbali imodzi, zomwe zimayambitsa kugwedezeka pagulu lathu. Malo opangirako amatha kusintha mawonekedwe a sera kapena malo olowera kuti akonze. Kugwirizana kwamkatiku kumachotsa masewera olakwa pakati pa ogulitsa osiyana ndikugwirizanitsa zolimbikitsa ku gawo lomaliza.
Ndikukumbukira pulojekiti yopangira chopondera mu duplex zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Kujambula kwake kunali kokongola, koma chobowola chovuta kwambiri cha shaft chimafunikira kulekerera koyenera kosindikiza. Vutoli linali kusungitsa kuzungulira kwa bore pambuyo pa kupsinjika kwa makina. Chifukwa QSY idagwira magawo onse awiri, adapanga motsatana: makina ovuta, kuchepetsa nkhawa, kenako makina omaliza. Mbali ya foundry inasintha njira yozizirira pambuyo pa kugwedeza kuti muchepetse kupsinjika koyamba. Kupangana kotereku sikutheka pamene kuponyera ndi makina akugawanika. Gawolo silimangoponyedwa; amapangidwa.
Kupeza ndi Kudyetsa: Geometry Yosawoneka
Ngati gawo lomaliza ndi chosema, gating ndi riser system ndiye scaffolding. Ndipo ndizofunikira. Chipata chosakonzedwa bwino chikhoza kuyambitsa chipwirikiti, kuyamwa mpweya ndi ma oxides mu gawolo. Chokwera chokwera molakwika chomwe chili chaching'ono kwambiri sichidzalephera kudyetsa zitsulo zamadzimadzi ku gawo lomwe likucheperachepera, ndikupanga shrinkage porosity. Izi zitha kupezeka pakuwunika kwa X-ray kapena, choyipitsitsa, kulephera kwantchito.
Mapulogalamu amakono oyerekeza amathandiza, koma si mpira wa kristalo. Zimakupatsirani mapu owoneka ngati otentha. Mukufunikirabe mainjiniya kuti azitanthauzira ndikusankha kasinthidwe ka gating. Uku ndi kusakanikirana kwa sayansi ndi luso. Nthawi zina, kutsekeka koyenera kwa kumveka bwino kumapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto lakudula ndikupera pambuyo pake. Muyenera kulinganiza kumveka bwino kwazitsulo ndi mtengo wachiwiri wa opaleshoni. Ndakhala ndikulimbikitsa kuti pakhale mtengo wokwera kwambiri, wokhala ndi zipata zambiri chifukwa zimatsimikizira kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri pachitetezo. Mtengowo unali wokwera mtengo wodula poyamba, koma unalepheretsa kukumbukira komwe kungachitike. Ndiko kuitana chiweruzo.
Pazigawo zing'onozing'ono, zokulirapo, monga zida za mano kapena zodzikongoletsera, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito masinthidwe amtengo, okhala ndi magawo ambiri omwe amamangiriridwa pakatikati pa sprue. Pazigawo zazikulu za uinjiniya, monga ma valavu kapena nyumba za turbine, gawo lililonse litha kukhala ndi njira yakeyake yodzipatulira. Kusankha kumakhudza zokolola, kukonzekera kwa ng'anjo yamoto, ndi mtengo wonse. Ukadaulo wa a foundry umawonekera m'mapangidwe awo otsekera - kukulitsa zokolola za zida zabwino pa paundi imodzi yazitsulo zotsanuliridwa.
Kulephera monga Mphunzitsi
Simunaphunzire kwenikweni chuma chamtengo wapatali mpaka munakhala ndi kulephera kwakukulu kugawa. Kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yanga, tinali ndi magulu azitsulo zazitsulo zochepa zomwe zinkangokhalira kusweka panthawi ya kutentha. Zojambulazo zadutsa macheke owoneka ndi amiyeso. Zizindikiro zakuthupi zinali zabwino. Vuto linali lopanda zitsulo - tinthu ting'onoting'ono tadothi tadothi tomwe tidatsekeredwa muchitsulocho. Zophatikizika izi zidakhala ngati zolimbikitsa kupsinjika. Pansi pa kutentha kwa kutentha kwa chithandizo cha kutentha, iwo anayambitsa ming'alu.
Chifukwa chake? Zinali zophatikiza. Kukula kwamafuta a chigobacho kunali kosiyana pang'ono ndi chitsulo chachitsulocho, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuphulika pang'ono. Ndipo liwiro lotsanuliridwa linali lokwera kwambiri, kupangitsa kutuluka kwa chipwirikiti komwe kumatha kutulutsa tinthu tating'ono. Kukonza sikunali chinthu chimodzi. Tidasinthira ku ufa wosiyanasiyana wothira mu slurry wa aloyiyo ndikuphunzitsa gulu lothira pang'onopang'ono, laminar yothira kwambiri. Zinagwira ntchito. Supeza yankho limenelo m’buku lophunzirira; mumachipeza pansi, kuyang'ana malo osweka pansi pa maikulosikopu.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake moyo wautali mubizinesi iyi umafunikira. Kampani yomwe ikugwira ntchito kwa zaka zopitilira 30, ngati yomwe ili kumbuyo kwa https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, ili ndi kukumbukira kwakuzama kwamitundu iyi yolephera. Mwina akumanapo ndi kuthetsa mavuto omwe simunawaganizirepo. Chidziwitso chimenecho chimayikidwa m'mapepala awo a ndondomeko ndi nzeru za akatswiri awo. Akapereka malingaliro osintha pang'ono pamapangidwe anu kapena njira yawo yokhazikika, nthawi zambiri amakhala chifukwa adawotchedwa kale. Uphungu umenewo ndi woyenerera kulemera kwake muzitsulo.
Kuyang'ana M'tsogolo: Osati Njira Yongotengera Cholowa Chake
Ena amawona kuyika ndalama ngati ukadaulo wakale, wokhwima. Si static. Kuphatikizana ndi kusindikiza kwa 3D ndikodziwikiratu kosintha masewera. Kusindikiza sera kapena utomoni kumachotsa kufunikira kwa zida zolimba zama prototypes kapena kuthamanga kwamphamvu. Izi zimalola kubwereza kwa mapangidwe pa liwiro lomwe linali losayerekezeka zaka 20 zapitazo. Koma malire enieni ali muzinthu ndi njira zosakanizidwa.
Tikuwona kufunikira kowonjezereka kwa ma castings okhazikika, pomwe zinthu zimasintha mbali zonse. Izi zikadali mu R&D, koma zimalozera kumayendedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, mzere pakati pa kupanga ndi kupanga zowonjezera ukusokonekera. Kodi gawo losindikizidwa lachitsulo lomwe pambuyo pake limakhala lotentha-isostatic (HIP'd) losiyana kwambiri ndi gawo loponyedwa? Metallurgy imayamba kusakanikirana.
Pakadali pano, komanso zam'tsogolo zomwe zikuwonekeratu, chuma chamtengo wapatali imakhalabe njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri yopangira zigawo zapakati-mpaka-zambiri zazitsulo zovuta, zodalirika kwambiri. Mphamvu zake sizikhala ukadaulo wowoneka bwino kwambiri, koma kukhala womveka bwino, wodalirika komanso wosinthika. Chofunikira ndikuchita nawo osati ngati ntchito yazamalonda, koma ngati luso laukadaulo lapadera. Pezani abwenzi omwe amalankhula chilankhulo chimenecho, omwe amawona gawolo osati ngati chojambula kuti mutchule, koma ngati chinthu chakuthupi chomwe chiyenera kuchita m'dziko lenileni. Ndiko kumene mtengo weniweni umaponyedwa.
