Mukafunsa za mtengo wopangira ndalama, anthu ambiri amalumphira pamtengo wamtengo uliwonse. Ndiko kulakwitsa koyamba. Mtengo weniweni ndi ukonde wa zisankho, kunyengerera, ndipo nthawi zina, misampha yobisika yomwe mumangophunzira pambuyo poti polojekiti ikupita chammbali. Sizongokhudza kulemera kwachitsulo kapena kusokonezeka kwa gawo pajambula; Zili pafupi ndi chilichonse chomwe chimachitika kuyambira pomwe mumamaliza kupanga mpaka tsiku lomwe mumalandira mapepala omaliza. Ndawonapo ma projekiti ambiri pomwe mawu oyambira amawoneka abwino, ongotengera ndalama zenizeni chifukwa palibe amene adafunsa mafunso oyenera.
Kumene Ndalama Imapita
Tiyeni tiphwanye. Zinthu zazikulu zamatikiti ndizodziwikiratu: zakuthupi ndi ntchito. Koma mkati mwake, kusankha kwa alloy ndi dalaivala wamkulu. Kupita ndi muyezo 316 zosapanga dzimbiri ndi dziko limodzi; kutchula fayilo yopangidwa ndi faifi tambala ngati Inconel 718 ndi chilengedwe chinanso potengera mtengo wazinthu zopangira komanso ukatswiri wofunikira kuti uziponya bwino. Sikuti mukungolipira zitsulo zodula; mukulipirira kuthekera kwa opeza kuti agwire popanda kupanga ndalama zambiri, zomwe zimandifikitsa ku mfundo yotsatira.
Mtengo wa zida zopangira phula nthawi zambiri sumvetsetseka. Kwa ma prototype kapena ma voliyumu otsika kwambiri, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe osindikizidwa a 3D, omwe amasunga zida zoyambira koma amawonjezera mtengo wapatani iliyonse ya sera. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito, mufunika nkhungu ya aluminiyamu kapena chitsulo. Ndiko kuwononga ndalama zam'tsogolo. Kampani ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., ndi zaka makumi atatu kuponya ndalama ndi makina, amalangiza pa mfundo yopuma iyi. Webusaiti yawo, tsngtaocnc.com, limafotokoza ntchito yawo ndi kaloti wapadera, amene nthawi yomweyo kukuuzani inu anakhazikitsa ntchito kumene zinthu ndi ndondomeko kulamulira ndalama kuposa nkhawa tooling.
Ndiye pali ndondomeko yomanga zipolopolo palokha. Chiwerengero cha malaya adothi, nthawi yowuma pakati pa chilichonse, mtundu wa chimanga chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito - zonsezi zimakhudzana ndi nthawi yogwira ntchito ndi malo. Mbali yovuta yokhala ndi matumba akuya ingafunike malaya asanu ndi awiri kapena asanu ndi atatu, pomwe mawonekedwe osavuta amatha ndi asanu. Chovala chilichonse chimawonjezera tsiku kuzungulira. Choncho, wanu mtengo wogulitsa ndalama zimalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi nthawi yayitali bwanji gawo lanu limatenga malo muchipinda chowumira cha foundry.
Madalaivala Obisika (Omwe Amakupezani)
Apa ndi pamene zokumana nazo zimayankhula. Zofunikira pakumaliza pamwamba. Ngati mukufuna kutsirizitsa kwapamwamba kwa 125 Ra microinches, ndiye muyezo. Koma ngati mawonekedwe anu akuyitanitsa 63 Ra kapena kupitilira apo, mazikowo amayenera kusintha slurry ya ceramic, gwiritsani ntchito stucco yabwino kwambiri, ndipo mutha kutsirizanso kutulutsa pambuyo pake. Kusintha kumeneku kumatha kuwonjezera 15-20% ku mtengo wagawo lanu mosavuta. Ndi zambiri zomwe nthawi zambiri zimamanyalanyazidwa pazithunzi za uinjiniya.
Kupanga gating ndi kutulutsa mpweya ndichinthu china chopha bajeti. Dongosolo losayenda bwino lomwe limapangidwa kuti lisunge zinthu kungayambitse chipwirikiti, kutsekeka kwa mpweya, ndi kuchepa kwa porosity. Chotsatira? Mtengo wokwera kwambiri. Mudasunga $2 pa sera koma tsopano muli ndi 30% yokana. Zoona mtengo wogulitsa ndalama pa gawo labwino langokulirakulira. Ndinaphunzira izi movutirapo pa ntchito yoyambirira ya chopopera chopopera; tinakonza mapangidwe kuti agwiritse ntchito sera pang'ono, koma batchi yoyamba idalephera 40% chifukwa cha kuchepa. Tinayenera kukonzanso mageti onse, zomwe zinatanthauza zida zatsopano komanso kuchedwa kwa miyezi iwiri.
Zochita za pambuyo poponya nthawi zambiri zimatchulidwa mosiyana. Kodi mtengowo ukuphatikiza kudula (kuchotsa zigawo mumtengo)? Kodi zikuphatikizapo kugaya zipata? Nanga bwanji za chithandizo cha kutentha kapena kuwongola? Wopereka ntchito zonse zomwe zimagwirizanitsa CNC makina, monga QSY imatchulira m'mawu awo oyamba, nthawi zambiri imatha kuwongolera izi. Kukhala ndi makina oponyera ndi makina pansi pa denga limodzi kumachepetsa mayendedwe, kukonzanso, ndi zovuta za handoff. Kuphatikizikako kumatha kutsitsa mtengo wanu wonse womwe mwafika, ngakhale mtengo woyambira woponya siwotsika mtengo kwambiri pamsika.
Volume vs. Kuvuta: The Balancing Act
Kuponya ndalama kumatchuka chifukwa cha ma geometri ovuta, koma zovuta zimakhala ndi mtengo. Gawo lokhala ndi makoma opyapyala (titi, pansi pa 2mm) limafunikira jekeseni wolondola wa sera ndi kumanga zipolopolo kuti zisasweke kapena kudzaza kosakwanira. Miyendo yamkati imawonjezera gawo lina la mtengo ndi chiwopsezo. Kwa ma voliyumu otsika, pangakhale koyenera kukonzanso kuti mupewe pachimake. Kwa mitundu yayikulu, mtengo wamtengo wapatali umachepetsedwa.
Apa ndipamene mgwirizano wanthawi yayitali umafunikira. Choyambitsa chomwe chimamvetsetsa bizinesi yanu chikhoza kuwonetsa kusintha kwa Design-for-Manufacturability (DFM) koyambirira. Kuyang'ana kuyang'ana kwa QSY pa nkhungu ya chipolopolo ndi kuponya ndalama kudutsa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, iwo ali bwino akukonzekera kusamalira zovuta malonda. Iwo mwina alangiza makasitomala osawerengeka za komwe angawonjezere zolembera pang'ono kapena ma radius kuti azikolola kwambiri.
Kuchotsera kwa voliyumu kulipo, koma sikofanana. Kutsika kwakukulu kwamitengo kumachitika kuchokera ku prototype (zidutswa 1-10) mpaka kupanga pang'ono (100-500 zidutswa). Pambuyo pake, ndalama zomwe zimasungidwa pa unit zimachepa. Mukupulumutsa pazida zochepetsera komanso nthawi yokhazikitsa. Zakuthupi ndi ntchito mwachindunji pa chidutswa chilichonse chimakhala zinthu zazikulu.
Kusankha Zinthu: The Core Cost Equation
Simungathe kuyankhula mtengo popanda zolankhula. Zitsulo za carbon ndiye maziko. Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri (304, 316, 17-4 PH) ndizokwera. Koma mukalowa pamndandanda wa QSY wopangidwa ndi cobalt kapena faifi tambala, muli mu ligi yosiyana. Ma alloys awa si okwera mtengo pa kilogalamu imodzi, komanso ndi ovuta kusungunuka, kuthira, ndi kumaliza. Amafuna kuwongolera njira zowongoka komanso chithandizo chamankhwala apadera.
Mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito ma aloyi awa sizinthu zama invoice zokha. Ndi chitsimikizo chakuti mazikowo ali ndi ukadaulo wazitsulo kuti asunge zinthu za alloy. Malo otsika mtengo atha kupereka kuponya Inconel, koma ngati sakuwongolera kutentha kothira kapena kuzizira bwino, mumatha kukhala ndi gawo lomwe likuwoneka bwino koma likulephera kugwira ntchito. Ndiwo mtengo wotsiriza, watsoka.
Nthawi zina, kusankha koyenera ndiko kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zodula kuyambira pachiyambi. Ndikukumbukira chigawo cha valve chomwe chinatchulidwa poyamba chosapanga dzimbiri. Zinapitiriza kulephera chifukwa cha dzimbiri ndi kutentha. Tinasinthira ku duplex yosapanga dzimbiri, yomwe idachulukitsa zinthuzo kawiri mtengo wogulitsa ndalama. Komabe, moyo wa gawoli udakwera kuwirikiza kasanu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtengo wa umwini ukhale wotsika kwambiri. Wothandizira woyambitsa bwino amakuthandizani kuti muwone chithunzi chachikulu.
Kufika ku Mawu Owona
Ndiye, mumapeza bwanji mawu omwe amawonetsa zenizeni? Perekani chirichonse. Chitsanzo cha 3D ndi chiyambi, koma sizokwanira. Muyenera kufotokozera: kalasi yazinthu (osati chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri), zofunikira zamakina, chithandizo cha kutentha, milingo yovomerezeka yachilema (monga ASTM A802 yoyang'anira pamwamba), ndi zofunika pambuyo pokonza. Mukakhala osadziwika bwino, ndipamene mungapangire zinthu zodziwikiratu pamtengo kuti ziteteze kuopsa kwawo.
Funsani kuti mumve zambiri. Mawu omveka bwino atha kulekanitsa mtengo wa zida, mtengo wopangira ma unit, ndi mtengo wapambuyo pokonza. Izi zimakuthandizani kumvetsetsa komwe ndalama zikupita komanso komwe pangakhale malo okambilana kapena kukonzanso.
Pomaliza, ganizirani za mtengo wake wonse, osati mtengo wokha. Choyambira chokhala ndi Integrated CNC makina luso, monga momwe zafotokozedwera tsngtaocnc.com, amapereka ulamuliro. Amagwira ntchito yonse kuyambira chitsulo chosungunuka kupita ku gawo lopangidwa ndi makina, lokonzekera kuyika. Izi zimachepetsa zolemetsa zanu pakuwongolera, zimathandizira kutsata kwabwino (mfundo imodzi yaudindo), ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatsogolera ku khalidwe labwino chifukwa gulu la makina limamvetsetsa momwe akuponya. Kuphatikizika kumeneko kuli ndi phindu lomwe kutulutsa kopanda mafupa pa kilogalamu sikudzawonetsa konse. Pomaliza, zoona mtengo wogulitsa ndalama ndi mtengo wopeza gawo lodalirika, logwira ntchito lomwe limakwaniritsa zomwe mukufuna, munthawi yake, nthawi iliyonse. Zina zonse ndikungoyerekeza.
