Mukamva 'kampani yoyendetsa ndalama mwanzeru', chimabwera m'malingaliro? Mwina kabuku koyera kokhala ndi mbali zonyezimira komanso zonena zolondola pamlingo wa micron. Zoonadi, kugawanika kwa tsiku ndi tsiku, ndizovuta kwambiri komanso zosangalatsa kwambiri. Kulondola kwenikweni sikuli mu pepala lokha; zimayikidwa mu phula losonkhanitsidwa la phula pa tsiku lachinyontho, mu kuyitanitsa chigamulo pa makulidwe a zigoba za turbine yopyapyala yokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala, komanso mu mantha abata poyendera nkhani yoyamba. Mashopu ambiri amagulitsa maloto a 'ma geometries ovuta' koma amapunthwa pazofunikira - kapangidwe kake kosasintha, kasamalidwe kamafuta panthawi yothira, kapena kungopeza malo abwino kwambiri pa 17-4 PH osapangana popanda kugwiritsa ntchito makina ochulukirapo. Ndi pamene mzere umakokedwa.
Maziko: Zonse Ndi Zokhudza Njira Yopangira
Simungathe kuyankhula molondola popanda kugawa unyolo, ulalo ndi ulalo. Zimayamba ndi nkhungu ya chitsanzo cha sera. Ngati izo zazimitsidwa, zonse zomwe zikutsatira ndi zodula chabe. Ndawonapo masitolo akutsanulira ndalama mu 5-axis CNC yopangira sera koma kunyalanyaza mapangidwe a mzere wozizira, zomwe zimatsogolera ku tsamba lankhondo lomwe limawonekera kokha chipolopolo cha ceramic chikamangidwa. Chipolopolo pachokha ndi luso - kuviika kulikonse ndi phala si sitepe chabe; ndi chotchinga matenthedwe chikumangidwa. Zigawo zambiri, ndipo mumatha kusweka chipolopolo panthawi yotentha kwambiri; zochepa kwambiri, ndipo mumapeza mpumulo, maloto owopsa omwe zitsulo zosungunuka zimakumana pansi pa mchenga. Kusankha kwa binder, zircon vs. Ndi zisankho zochokera pa aloyi kutsanuliridwa. Kutsanulira ma superalloys ngati Inconel 718? Chovala choyambacho chiyenera kukhala chopanda mphamvu kuti chiteteze kumtunda. Kampani yomwe imapeza izi, monga QSY (Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology), ali ndi zaka 30, mutha kubetcherana kuti mapepala awo afotokozedwera asinthidwa ndikuyesa, inde, cholakwika.
Ndiye pali kusungunula ndi kutsanulira. 'Precision' apa ikuwoneka ngati mawu olakwika. Ndi chisokonezo cholamulidwa. Mukulinganiza kutentha kwa ng'anjo, kusungunuka kwachitsulo, ndi kufunikira kodzaza nkhungu kwathunthu gawo lirilonse lisanalimba. Pazigawo zopyapyala, nthawi zina mumayenera kutenthetsa chipolopolocho, ntchito yofewa yomwe, ikapitilira, imafooketsa. Tidaphunzira izi movutikira pakuyendetsa ma sensor housings. Geometry inali ndi tinjira zazitali, zowondazi. Zoyamba kutsanulira, chipolopolo chozizira, zolakwika. Tidatenthetsa, koma tidachita khama kwambiri, ndipo zipolopolozo zidasweka pogwira. Kukonza sikunali mu bukhu; kunali pang'onopang'ono, preheat ndi tweak kwa gating kuti akhale ngati sink yabwinoko matenthedwe. Ndiwo mtundu wa mwatsatanetsatane ndalama kuponya tsatanetsatane mumangopeza kuchokera kubwereza.
Kutsirizitsa ndi pamene lonjezo limakwaniritsidwa kapena kutayika. Apa ndipamene ambiri amati 'net-shape' koma mwakachetechete amakonza makina olemera. Kuwongolera kolondola kwenikweni kumachepetsa mwayi wamasheya. Zimatanthawuza kuti malo anu odulidwa amakonzedwa kuchokera ku gawo la mapangidwe, zipata zanu zimayikidwa osati kuti zingoyenda koma kuti zichotsedwe mosavuta popanda kuwononga gawolo. A zabwino kampaniyo Precision Investment Casting idzakhala ndi makina ake a CNC m'nyumba, osati monga chowonjezera, koma ngati gawo lomaliza lophatikizika. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa gulu lomwelo lomwe limaponya gawolo limamvetsetsa kuya kwa khungu, kuthekera kwa kupsinjika kotsalira, ndi mfundo zenizeni za datum. Ndikayang'ana kukhazikitsidwa kwa QSY, zomwe amalemba kuponya ndalama ndi CNC Machining monga co-specializations si njira malonda; ndi mayendedwe omveka. Mumaponyera thupi la valve muzitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri, ndipo mumasindikiza nkhope zosindikizira pamalo omwewo, pansi pa ambulera yamtundu womwewo. Mayankho afupipafupi ndi olimba.
Zida: Kumene Chiphunzitso Chimakumana ndi Crucible
Chitsulo cha carbon, 316L, chitsulo chosungunula—izi ndi mkate ndi batala. Koma mayeso enieni a mettle ya foundry ali mu ma alloys achilendo. Ma superalloys opangidwa ndi nickel ndi cobalt ndi chilombo chosiyana. Iwo sali chabe 'ovuta makina'; machitidwe awo onse oponya amasintha. Amakhala ndi mizere yopapatiza, amakonda kung'ambika, ndipo amatha kukhala ndi mpweya kapena nayitrogeni ngati kuthira sikuyendetsedwa. Ndikukumbukira pulojekiti yokhudzana ndi chigawo cha cobalt-chrome chopangira mano. Chofunikira cha bio-compatibility chinali chofunikira kwambiri, kutanthauza kuti kuyipitsa pamwamba paziro. Dongosolo lokhazikika la zipolopolo silinali kudula; tinayenera kusinthira ku malaya apadera opangidwa ndi aluminiyamu. Zokolola zinali zankhanza kwa mwezi woyamba. Apa ndi pamene zochitika, kapena kusowa kwake, zimawululidwa mwankhanza. A kampaniyo Precision Investment Casting omwe amangolemba mwachisawawa 'ma aloyi apadera' patsamba lake kuti akhale ndi zipika zazitsulo ndi zida zowonongeka kuti atsimikizire kuti achita homuweki.
Sikungowatsanulira. Ndi za kutentha mankhwala. Ambiri mwa ma aloyiwa amapeza katundu wawo - mphamvu zawo zolimba, kukana kwa dzimbiri - kuchokera kumayendedwe ena a kutentha komwe kumatuluka. Ngati maziko anu akungoponyera ndi zombo, akupereka bomba lomwe lingakhalepo nthawi. Gawolo likhoza kupitilira kuwunika koyambirira koma kulephera kugwira ntchito chifukwa ma microstructure sanakhazikike. Kuphatikizika kwa maziko ndi zitsulo sikungathe kukambitsirana pa ntchito yolondola. Muyenera kuwongolera nkhaniyo kuchokera pamadzi mpaka gawo lomaliza.
Izi zimandifikitsa ku mfundo yothandiza: kufufuza zinthu. Zikumveka ngati zaudindo, koma ndiye maziko odalirika. Pachinthu chilichonse chofunikira, muyenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa master alloy, malipoti a chemistry, ndi batch yanji yomwe idatsanuliridwa. Pakachitika vuto pakadutsa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, deta iyi ndiyofunika kulemera kwake mugolide. Imasintha masewera olakwa kukhala vuto laumisiri lomwe lingathetsedwe. Katswiri wochita opaleshoniyo akhazikitsa dongosololi, osati ngati lingaliro lakasitomala wam'mlengalenga, koma monga momwe amachitira.
Zokhudza Anthu: Zoyezera, Maso, ndi Kumva M'matumbo
Palibe kuchuluka kwa makina omwe amalowa m'malo mwa diso lokhazikika. Ine ndizinena izo. Katswiri wabwino amatha kuyenda modutsa zipolopolo zowumitsa ndikuwona imodzi yomwe ili ndi vuto la laminar ndi sheen, kapena kusowa kwake. 'Kulondola' mu kuponya ndalama nthawi zambiri zokhoma mu macheke khalidwe. Kuwunika kwa nkhani yoyamba ndi mwambo. Simukungotsimikizira kukula ndi CMM; mukuyang'ana kamangidwe ka tirigu pansi pa maikulosikopu, kuyang'ana micro-porosity ndi kuyesa kolowera, kuyesa kutsirizika kwapamwamba poyerekezera ndi thupi. Kodi ndikumva bwino? Chidziwitso ichi chimamangidwa pakuwona magawo masauzande ambiri, abwino ndi oyipa.
Kuphunzitsa diso limeneli kumatenga nthawi—zaka. Ndicho chifukwa chake zaka 30 mbiri ya olimba ngati QSY si mzere malonda; imayimira kukumbukira kwamabungwe. Zikutanthauza kuti pali anthu pansi omwe amakumbukira pamene geometry yofananayo inalephera mu 2005 ndi momwe adakonzera. Chidziwitso chimenecho sichimalembedwa mwangwiro mu SOP; zimaperekedwa panthawi ya kusintha kwa masinthidwe ndi kukangana kothetsa mavuto. Chosanjikiza chamunthu ichi ndiye chiwongolero chapamwamba kwambiri, chogwira zinthu zomwe scanner yokonzedwa ikhoza kuphonya.
Koma ndi lupanga lakuthwa konsekonse. Kudalira 'chidziwitso cha mafuko' kungakhale kufooka ngati sikuthandizidwa ndi deta. Mashopu abwino kwambiri omwe ndagwira nawo ntchito amaphatikiza awiriwa. Wogwiritsa ntchito wakaleyo akuganiza kuti jekeseni wa sera ikuyenda bwino; amachiyang'ana motsutsana ndi kupanikizika kwa mbiri yakale / kutentha kwa nkhungu. Deta imatsimikizira matumbo, ndipo kukonzedwa kumapangidwa. Synergy iyi ndi yomwe imapangitsa kuti ikhale yolimba, yobwerezabwereza mwatsatanetsatane ndalama kuponya ndondomeko, osati magulu amwayi okha.
Pamene Kulondola Kulephera: Kuphunzira kuchokera ku Scrap Bin
Aliyense amene sanapange nyenyeswa sanapange kalikonse. Mfungulo ndi zomwe mumachita nazo. Kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yanga, tinali ndi dongosolo lachitsanzo la zida zingapo zamkuwa zamkuwa. Kapangidwe kake kanali kofuna kutchuka—zovala zazifupi, zopindika. Kupanga koyamba, kulephera kwa 70% kuchokera ku mistruns ndi kutsekeka kozizira. Zimene anachita mwamsanga zinali kuimba mlandu kutentha kwachitsulo. Ife tinachikweza icho. Zolephera zambiri, tsopano ndi shrinkage porosity. Tinali kuthamangitsa zizindikiro.
Vuto lenileni, lomwe linavumbulidwa pambuyo pa kukhumudwa kwa sabata, linali lowirikiza kawiri. Choyamba, phula ('mtengo') linali lowundana kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chipolopolocho chizizizira kwambiri pakati pa nthawi yakupsa. Chachiwiri, khomo loloweramo linali losakwanira kudyetsa zoondazo. Tinayenera kubwereranso ku mapangidwe a phula, kuonjezera kukula kwa zipata, ndi malo amitundu mosiyana pamtengo. Zinatitengera nthawi ndi ndalama, koma kulephera kumeneko kunandiphunzitsa zambiri za misa yamafuta ndi chakudya kuposa buku lililonse. A khalidwe lolunjika kampaniyo Precision Investment Casting adzakhala ndi ndondomeko yosagwirizana ndi malamulo yomwe imakakamiza mtundu woterewu wofufuza zifukwa, osati kungokonza mwamsanga kutumiza dongosolo.
Vuto lina lofala ndilo kulephera kulankhulana ndi wopanga. Akatswiri opanga makina opangira makina nthawi zambiri samamvetsetsa ma angles, kuchepa kwachilengedwe, kapena kufunikira kwa makulidwe ofanana a khoma poponya. Ndi ntchito ya oyambitsa kufunsira, kunena kuti, Titha kuchita izi, koma ngati mulola utali wa 0.5mm pano m'malo mwa ngodya yakuthwa, zokolola zanu ndi mtengo wanu zidzayenda bwino kwambiri. Ndemanga za Design-for-Manufacturability (DFM) ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Sizonena kuti ayi; ndizogwirizana kuti gawolo likhale lokhazikika komanso lolondola. Kuyang'ana mbiri kuchokera kwa wosewera wokhazikika, nthawi zambiri mumatha kuona kusinthika kumeneku m'maphunziro awo - mapangidwewo amakhala ochezeka kwambiri pakapita nthawi, chizindikiro cha mgwirizano weniweni, osati kungotenga dongosolo.
Chitsanzo Chophatikizika: Kuponya Monga Chigawo, Osati Mapeto
Apa ndi kumene makampani akupita, kapena kumene osewera bwino ali kale. Precision Investment casting kawirikawiri si sitepe yomaliza. Gawoli likufunika Machining, mwina kuwotcherera, kutentha kutentha, ❖ kuyanika pamwamba. Kukhala ndi luso limeneli pansi pa denga limodzi, kapena mu mgwirizano woyendetsedwa mwamphamvu, kumasintha chirichonse. Imachepetsa nthawi yotsogolera, imatsimikizira kupitilira kwabwino, komanso imathandizira mayendedwe. Pamene magulu oponya ndi makina ali m'nyumba imodzi, akhoza kukhala pansi ndi gawo ndi zojambulazo. Katswiri wamakina amatha kuwonetsa komwe kusuntha pang'ono pamakina oponyera kungawapatse datum yabwinoko. Katswiri wopanga zinthu amatha kufotokoza chifukwa chake malo ena amakhala ndi roughness yokwera pang'ono.
Ichi ndi chitsanzo chomwe chimamveka pazinthu zovuta, zamtengo wapatali. Mumaziwona m'ntchito zomwe zimagwira ntchito zofunika kwambiri monga mphamvu, zakuthambo, ndi zamankhwala. Sikuti ali ndi makina CNC; ndi za ndondomeko kusakanikirana. Mwachitsanzo, kampani yomwe ikupereka yankho la makiyi athunthu kuchokera pakupanga mpaka kumakina omalizidwa, monga ntchito zomwe QSY ikuphatikiza, imatha kuwongolera mtengo wonsewo. Izi zimathetsa kuloza zala zomwe zimachitika pamene kuponyedwa kumakanidwa pa malo ogulitsa makina osiyana. Kuyankha kukuwonekera bwino.
Pamapeto pake, label 'kampaniyo Precision Investment Casting' amalipidwa, osati kutchulidwa. Zimapezedwa mu kugwirizana kwa batch 100 yofananira batch 1. Imapezedwa mu luso lotha kugwira ntchito osati zowongoka chabe koma zomwe sizingachitike, zomwe zimafuna sayansi yakuthupi, uinjiniya wa njira, ndi luso la manja kuti agwirizane. Zili mwatsatanetsatane: zipika zokonzekera za autoclave, zomata za ma calibration pa ma micrometer, mawonekedwe okonzedwa koma ogwiritsidwa ntchito bwino a labu yabwino. Kulondola kuli m'dongosolo, ndipo dongosololi limamangidwa ndi anthu omwe awona zomwe zimachitika ikawonongeka. Ndiyo nkhani yeniyeni, kutali ndi kabuku konyezimira.
