Anthu ambiri akamva 'zinthu zopangira ndalama,' amafanizira ma turbine opanda cholakwika, owoneka ngati ukonde kapena zodzikongoletsera zovuta. Ndiwo gloss yotsatsa. Zowona pansi pa sitolo ndikukambirana kosalekeza pakati pa geometry yabwino pamtundu wa CAD ndi fiziki yolimba yazitsulo zosungunuka ndi zipolopolo za ceramic. Maganizo olakwika kwambiri? Kuti ndi njira 'yolondola' mu labu yosabala. Ndizolondola zomwe zimabadwa kuchokera ku chipwirikiti cholamuliridwa, zokumana nazo, komanso kuthana ndi mavuto ambiri zomwe sizimafika papepala.
Pakatikati pa Njirayi: Zonse Ndi Za Shell
Aliyense amayang'ana mbali yomaliza yachitsulo, koma matsenga enieni - komanso gwero la mutu wambiri - zimachitika m'chipinda cha zipolopolo. Ubwino wa a kuponya ndalama imatsekeredwa mkati mwa dips zotsatizana ndi ma stuccos. Ndawonapo mapulojekiti akulephera chifukwa mame sanawongoleredwe panthawi yowumitsa, zomwe zimatsogolera ku ming'alu yaying'ono yomwe imawonekera pambuyo pothira. Sizongotsatira zophikira; ndi za kuwerenga chipinda, kwenikweni. Chinyezi cha tsiku la mvula chikhoza kukubwezeretsani mmbuyo maola 24.
Pamalo ngati Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), ndi zaka zambiri zamasewera, gawo lomanga zipolopolo ndipamene chidziwitso chawo cha bungwe chimapindula. Sakungopanga zipolopolo; akupanga malo olephera - nkhungu yomwe imayenera kupirira 1500 ° C + koma imatha kusweka kuti ichotse gawo lovuta popanda kuwononga makoma owonda. Pazitsulo zotentha kwambiri monga zomwe zili ndi nickel zomwe amalemba, mapangidwe a zipolopolo amapangidwa kuti asagwirizane ndi zitsulo. Chigoba chokhazikika chomwe chimayang'anizana ndi superalloy nthawi zambiri chimayambitsa kuipitsidwa pamwamba, gritty, wosanjikiza wosanjikiza zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuti makina azimitsidwa pambuyo pake.
Nthawi ina tinali ndi mavavu azitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri pomwe ulusiwo umakhala wotuluka mopotoka pang'ono. Wolakwa? Kukula kwamafuta kumasiyana pakati pa pachimake cha ceramic ndi chipolopolo. Pakatikati pake panali kuletsa zitsulo zolimba kuti zitulukemo. Kukonza sikunali kusintha kwa CAD; kunali kusintha kutentha kwa nkhungu kusanayambe kutentha kusanathire kuti kusinthe gradient yolimba. Ndiwo mtundu wa chidziwitso chachinsinsi chomwe mumapanga zaka zopitilira 30, mtundu womwe umalekanitsa kuyimba kogwira ntchito kuchokera ku umphumphu wapamwamba.
Zosankha Zazida: Zoposa Menyu Yotsitsa
Makasitomala amatumiza zinthu zakuthupi—316 zosapanga dzimbiri—ndipo amaganiza kuti ndi zimenezo. Koma Sungunulani kuchita kwa zinthu zopangira ndalama ndi yosiyana ndi kupanga kapena kuponya mchenga. Mukulimbana ndi kutentha kwakung'ono, nthawi zambiri vacuum kapena argon atmosphere, ndipo kapangidwe kambewu kamakhala kosiyana. Pamitundu ya QSY, kusuntha kuchokera ku chitsulo cha kaboni kupita ku aloyi yopangidwa ndi cobalt si nkhani yongosinthana ma ingots. The fluidity amasintha, kuchepa kumasintha kwambiri, ndipo ndondomeko ya chithandizo cha kutentha pambuyo poponyedwa imakhala yovuta.
Ndikukumbukira chitsanzo cha chida chopangira opaleshoni chopangidwa kuchokera ku martensitic zosapanga dzimbiri. Zolembazo zinkafuna kulimba kwina. Tinagunda nambala yolimba, koma ziwalozo zinali zolimba. Nkhaniyi inali kufufuza zinthu kuchokera ku zinthu zobwezeretsedwa (zobwezerezedwanso sprue ndi othamanga) zomwe zimakhudza kusintha. Tinayenera kupita ku 100% virgin melt, yomwe inawombera bajeti koma inathetsa vutoli. Ndi chikumbutso kuti zinthu pa satifiketi si nthawi zonse zinthu mu nkhungu; ndondomeko imatanthawuza katundu womaliza.
Apa ndipamene nyumba ya utumiki wathunthu imawonjezera mtengo. Chithunzi cha QSY kuponya ndalama ndi makina amkati a CNC amatanthauza kuti amatha kulangiza ma tweaks opangira kupanga. Mwinanso kuwonjezera kulembera pang'ono sikungatheke pa ntchito ya gawolo, koma anganene kuti aloyi wosiyana ndi wokhululuka kwambiri kapena chithandizo cha kutentha chomwe chimapangitsa mphamvu yofunikira popanda kupanga gawolo kuti likhale losayerekezeka. Ndi ntchito yogwirira ntchito limodzi, osati kungogula.
The Machining Handoff: Kumene Kuponya Kumakumana Ndi Zowona
Iyi ndi nthawi ya choonadi. Inu mukugwedeza mtengowo, kuphulitsa chipolopolocho, ndi kudula zipata. Tsopano muli ndi kuponya kwaiwisi. Kugunda koyamba kwa kafukufuku wa CNC kumakuuzani chilichonse chokhudza kuwongolera kwanu. Ndondomeko yoyendetsedwa bwino imabweretsa chiwongola dzanja choloseredwa. Ndawonapo masitolo kumene dipatimenti yokonza makina ndi malo opangira maziko ali pankhondo—okonza makina akudandaula za malo olimba ndi mazenera akusuntha, maziko akuimba mlandu njira zaukali.
Zochita zophatikizidwa zimachepetsa izi. Pamene magulu oponya ndi CNC ali pansi pa denga limodzi, ngati pa Mtengo wa QSY, ndemanga ndi nthawi yomweyo. Ngati thumba limakhala lothina nthawi zonse, phula lingasinthidwe mu kubwereza kotsatira. Iwo amamvetsa kuti kuponyera sikutha pamene kutsanuliridwa; izo zatsirizidwa pamene ndi makina, chigawo chofufuzidwa. Kwa ma aloyi apadera omwe adalembedwa, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ankhanza pazida, mgwirizano uwu ndiwofunikira. Mutha kupanga chojambula chokhala ndi zigawo zokhuthala pafupi ndi malo otchingira kuti mupulumuke kupsinjika kwamakina, zomwe malo ogulitsa makina sangaganizire.
Tsatanetsatane wothandiza: kukhazikitsidwa kwa datum. A zabwino kuponya ndalama Njirayi iphatikiza kupanga mapangidwe a sera ndi zipolopolo zokhala ndi zida zosinthika. Izi zitha kukhala zoyala zing'onozing'ono zoponyedwa pamalo osafunikira, opereka malo oyera, okhazikika poyambira koyamba. Ndichinthu chaching'ono chomwe chimachepetsa kwambiri zovuta zamakonzedwe ndikuwongolera kubwereza. Ndi malingaliro omaliza mpaka-mapeto awa omwe amatanthawuza wogulitsa weniweni wa injiniya zinthu zopangira ndalama, osati wojambula zithunzi chabe.
Kulephera ngati Chida Chophunzirira (Mtundu Wokwera mtengo)
Simunaphunzire kwenikweni kuponya ndalama mpaka mutataya magulu angapo okwera mtengo. Kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yanga, tinali ndi dongosolo la zopopera mu duplex zosapanga dzimbiri. Zigawozo zinadutsa X-ray, kuyesa kupanikizika, chirichonse. Iwo analephera m'munda patapita miyezi ingapo kupsinjika dzimbiri akulimbana. Chifukwa chake? Chosakwanira njira annealing pambuyo kuponyera. Tidatsata nthawi / kutentha koyenera, koma kusiyana kwa makulidwe a gawo mu kapangidwe kameneka kunapangitsa kuti pakhale kutentha komwe kumalepheretsa pachimake kufika kutentha kwakukulu. Kukonzekera kunali chizolowezi chozungulira chozungulira chokhala ndi nthawi yayitali yonyowa. Zosindikiza za kasitomala sizinatchule izi; zinali pa ife kudziwa malire a ndondomeko yathu.
Wina tingachipeze powerenga: micro-porosity mu zolemera zigawo moyandikana ndi woonda makoma. Pulogalamu yoyeserera mwina siyingatchule, koma zokumana nazo zimatero. Nthawi zina yankho limakhala lopanda nzeru, monga kugwiritsa ntchito kuzizira mu nkhungu kukakamiza kukhazikika kolunjika kutali ndi malo omwe ali ndi vuto, kapenanso kukonzanso njira yolowera kuti idyetse zitsulo bwino. Awa si mayankho amabuku; iwo ndi zidule inu kupanga pambuyo kuona zana osiyana geometries kulimba.
Ndiwo mtengo wa mbiri yakale yamakampani. Pamene Mtengo wa QSY akuti akhalapo kwa zaka 30, zikutanthawuza kuti adakumanapo - ndikuthetsa - mitundu yolephera iyi pazitsulo zotayidwa, zitsulo, ndi ma alloys apadera achinyengo. Chidziwitso chawo chamayendedwe kwenikweni ndi laibulale yamavuto am'mbuyomu ndi mayankho ovomerezeka, chomwe ndi chinthu chamtengo wapatali kwambiri pomwe simukuponya midadada yosavuta.
Muyeso Weniweni: Kusasinthasintha, Osati Chitsanzo Chagolide Chabe
Aliyense akhoza kupanga chitsanzo chimodzi chabwino ndi nthawi ndi ndalama zokwanira. Vuto la mafakitale likupanga nambala ya 1001 yomwe ili yofanana ndi nambala 1. Apa ndi pamene zolemba za ndondomeko ndi kulamulira zimabwera, komanso kumene luso limakumana ndi sayansi. Kukhuthala kwa slurry, ngodya ya dip, kuyanika kwa mpweya - izi zikhoza kukhala zofanana, koma zimafunikirabe ogwira ntchito aluso kuti aziyang'anira ndi kusintha.
Kwa okwera kwambiri zinthu zopangira ndalama, kusasinthasintha uku ndi malo ogulitsa. Ganizirani za nyumba zamagalimoto a turbocharger kapena zida zamafuta. Kuthekera kwa a foundry kumatsimikiziridwa ndi data yake ya Cp/Cpk, mitengo yake yokolola yoyamba. Ndizochepa pakupanga gawo limodzi lodabwitsa komanso zambiri zopanga magawo khumi ofanana motopetsa, opanda chilema. Izi zimafuna kukhwima komwe nthawi zambiri kumabwera ndi kukula ndi nthawi yogwira ntchito.
Kuyang'ana wothandizira, nthawi zonse ndimafunsa za kutsimikizika kwa njira yawo pagawo latsopano. Kodi amayendetsa kafukufuku wa statistical process control (SPC) pagulu loyamba lopanga? Kodi amasamalira bwanji kuvala kwa zida za phula pakapita nthawi? Mayankho amakuuzani ngati akuganiza mopyola dongosolo loyamba. Cholinga chake ndi mgwirizano pomwe amakhala owonjezera gulu lanu la uinjiniya, kuyang'anira mosamalitsa moyo wawo wonse kuponya ndalama zida ndi ndondomeko. Ndipamene mumachoka pogula chinthu kupita kukagula njira yodalirika, yopangidwa mwaluso.
