Mukamva 'kuumba jekeseni wachitsulo', chithunzi choyamba nthawi zambiri chimakhala gawo la pulasitiki losavuta lokhala ndi ulusi wamkuwa. Ndilo polowera, koma silimakanda pamwamba. Vuto lenileni, komanso kumene ntchito zambiri zimapunthwa, sikungoyika zitsulo mu pulasitiki; Ndi za kuyang'anira kukulitsidwa kwamatenthedwe kosiyanasiyana, kukwaniritsa chisindikizo cha hermetic pansi pa kukakamizidwa, kapena kuwonetsetsa kuti mphamvu yamagetsi sikulephereka pambuyo pa matenthedwe 10,000. Ambiri amaona kuti choyikacho ndi chinthu chongoganiziridwa pambuyo pake, chinthu chomwe chagwera mu nkhungu. Malingaliro amenewo amatsogolera ku zolephera zam'munda-ming'alu, kutulutsa, kapena kuyika komwe kumazungulira momasuka pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Choyikacho sichimangokhala chitsulo; ndi mtima wogwirira ntchito wa msonkhano, ndipo kuphatikiza kwake kumayang'anira moyo wa mankhwalawo.
Maziko: Zimayamba ndi Kuyika Kokha
Simungalankhule za kupambana chitsulo cholowetsa jekeseni akamaumba popanda kung'amba koyamba. Ndawona mainjiniya ambiri amangotchulapo choyikapo chamkuwa chokhazikika kuchokera pamndandanda. Kwa ogula otsika kwambiri, mwina ndi zabwino. Koma pa chilichonse pamagalimoto, zowongolera zamafakitale, kapena zamankhwala? Umenewo ndi juga. Kusankha kwazinthu ndikofunikira. Kodi ndi chitsulo cha kaboni chotsika mtengo? 300 mndandanda wosapanga dzimbiri kukana dzimbiri? Kapena china chake ngati aloyi opangidwa ndi faifi tambala wamalo otentha kwambiri? Kusankha kumakhudza mwachindunji njira yowumba ndi ntchito yomaliza.
Apa ndipamene zokumana nazo ndi mnzanu yemwe amamvetsetsa zitsulo zimalipira. Ndikukumbukira pulojekiti yomanga kachipangizo kamene kamayenera kupirira kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono kuyambira -40 ° C mpaka 150 ° C. Poyamba tidagwiritsa ntchito choyikapo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 304. Pulasitiki (nayiloni yotentha kwambiri) idasweka mozungulira choyikapo pambuyo poyesa mwachangu. Vuto silinali mlingo wa pulasitiki; kunali kusagwirizana kwa coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). Tinayenera kusinthira ku choyika chopangidwa mwachizolowezi pogwiritsa ntchito Invar alloy, yomwe ili ndi CTE yotsika kwambiri, kuti igwirizane bwino ndi nayiloni. Yankho la mtundu wotero silimachokera kwa ogulitsa mankhwala amtundu uliwonse; zimachokera ku chidziwitso chakuya cha sayansi.
Makampani omwe ali ndi phazi pakupanga zitsulo komanso kukonza mapulasitiki amabweretsa mwayi wapadera. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kampani Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., ndi mbiri yake ya zaka 30 pakupanga ndalama ndi makina a CNC a chirichonse kuchokera ku zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri mpaka zitsulo zokhala ndi faifi tambala, amayandikira mapangidwe oyika mosiyana. Iwo samangopanga makina gawo; amawona momwe chimanga chochokera pakuponyera, kapena kupsinjika kwa makina, kudzalumikizana ndi kutuluka kwa polima wosungunuka ndi kutsika kotsatira. Choyikapo si geometry chabe; ndi gawo lopangidwa lomwe lili ndi mbiri yomwe imakhudza mgwirizano.
Njira Yopangira: Kumene Chiphunzitso Chimakumana (Messy) Zowona
Chabwino, muli ndi choyikapo chopangidwa bwino. Tsopano muyenera kuwuumba. Bukuli likuti: kuyika kutentha kusanachitike kuti muchepetse kugwedezeka kwamafuta ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zamagwirizano. Zikumveka zosavuta. Koma m'malo opangira zinthu zambiri, kutentha kusanachitike kumawonjezera nthawi yozungulira komanso zovuta. Ndiye, kusinthanitsa ndi chiyani? Pakuyika kwakukulu, kokhuthala, kulumpha kutentha kusanayambike kumatsimikizira kuti palibe kapena mizere yowotcherera mozungulira, ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale malo ofooka. Poyikapo pang'ono m'nyumba yokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala, mutha kuthawa, koma mukupereka kukana kutopa kwanthawi yayitali.
Ndiye pali mawonekedwe a nkhungu. Choyikacho chiyenera kupezeka ndikugwiridwa mwatsatanetsatane - tikukamba za kulolerana. Kusuntha kulikonse pa jakisoni kumapangitsa kung'anima (pulasitiki kulowa mu ulusi kapena pamalo ovuta) kapena, choyipitsitsa, pini yopindika. Ndasintha zisankho pomwe vuto linali kungoyika zida zomangirira pambuyo pa mizungu 50,000, ndikupangitsa kusuntha pang'ono komwe kumangowoneka ngati kulephera kwapang'onopang'ono kutayikira. Kukonza sikunali mu magawo akuumba; zinali mu ndondomeko yokonza zida.
Mfundo ina yobisika: malo a chipata chokhudzana ndi choyikapo. Simukufuna kuti mtsinje wosungunuka wothamanga kwambiri ugunde mwachindunji. Imatha kuzizira msanga ikakhudzidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusanyowa bwino, kapena imatha kusuntha choyikapo pang'ono. Polima iyenera kuyendayenda mozungulira, kuti ikhale yophimbidwa mofanana. Izi nthawi zambiri zimafuna kusanthula kwachangu kwa nkhungu patsogolo, osati kungoyerekeza. Kulephera kofala komwe ndidawonapo ndi gawo lokongola lomwe limapambana mayeso onse oyambilira, koma pansi pa kugwedezeka, choyikacho chimamasuka chifukwa choyikapo pulasitiki sichinali yunifolomu, ndikusiya mbali imodzi muzovuta zotsalira.
Njira Zolephera ndi Zomwe Amakuphunzitsani
Mumaphunzira zambiri kuchokera ku gawo lolephera kusiyana ndi langwiro. The tingachipeze powerenga kulephera ndi Ikani kukokera kunja. Ngati mphamvu yotulutsa ili yocheperapo, chibadwa choyamba cha aliyense ndikuwonjezera ma knurls kapena ma undercuts akuya. Nthawi zina izo zimagwira ntchito. Koma nthawi zambiri, chifukwa chake ndizovuta zamkati mupulasitiki. Chigawocho chikazizira kwambiri, kapena ngati choyikacho chikuzizira kwambiri, pulasitikiyo imatsika ndi kupsinjika kwambiri. Kupsinjika kumeneku kungayambitse ming'alu yaying'ono yomwe imafalikira pakapita nthawi kapena kukhudzana ndi mankhwala. Nthawi ina ndidagwirapo ntchito yopangira mafuta pomwe zoyikapo zimatuluka pambuyo pokumana ndi biofuel. Ma knurl ambiri sanathandize. Yankho lake linali kusinthana ndi polima wosagwirizana ndi mankhwala ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira ma annealing kuti athetse nkhawa zamkati. Mphamvu ya mgwirizano idakwera ndi 60%.
Kulephera kwina kobisika ndi galvanic corrosion. Izi zimachitika pamene kuyika kwachitsulo ndi zokutira zitsulo kapena chigawo choyandikana (monga PCB trace) kupanga selo electrochemical pamaso pa electrolyte (chinyezi, thukuta, ndondomeko madzi). Kugwiritsa ntchito choyikapo chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri polimbana ndi sinki yotentha ya aluminiyamu mkati mwa mpanda wa pulasitiki kungakhale njira yobweretsera tsoka pamagetsi apanja. Muyenera kuganizira momwe dongosolo lonse likuyendera, osati mawonekedwe apulasitiki-zitsulo. Kudzipatula kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zolemekezeka zofanana ndizofunikira.
Kulephera kwamphamvu kwamagetsi ndi gulu laokha. Pazoyika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zolumikizira zamagetsi kapena poyambira, njira yowumba siyenera kupanga insulating oxide wosanjikiza kapena zowononga msampha pamawonekedwe. Nthawi zina, kutsirizitsa kwapadera pa choyikapo-monga choyala cha malata-chofunika kuti kuwonetsetse kuti kutentha kozizira kodalirika pakati pa chitsulo chopangidwa ndi pulasitiki ndi kukhudzana kwa kasupe komwe kungagwirizane pambuyo pake. Kulakwitsa kumatanthauza chinthu chomwe chimalephera kuyesa komaliza kwamagetsi, popanda kukonzanso kosavuta.
Pamene Sichingolowetsamo: Complex Metal Subassemblies
Malire enieni a chitsulo cholowetsa jekeseni akamaumba chikuyenda mopitirira chitsulo chimodzi. Tikukamba za kuchulukitsitsa pazigawo zazitsulo zomwe zidalumikizidwa kale-sitima yaing'ono yamagiya, chowunikira cha sensor, kapena gulu lamagetsi losindikizidwa. Apa ndi pamene ndondomekoyo imakhala yocheperapo kuumba ndikuyika bwino kwambiri. Mavuto akuchuluka. Muli ndi ma CTE angapo oti muzitha kuyang'anira, zinthu zofewa kuti muteteze ku kukakamizidwa kwa jakisoni, komanso malo ovuta omwe amayenera kukhala opanda pulasitiki.
Ndinagwira nawo ntchito yokonza kachipangizo kakang'ono kamene kali ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Ntchito ya sensayo idawonongeka ngati kupsinjika kulikonse kwa pulasitiki kutumizidwa ku diaphragm. Sitinathe kungogwira thupi la sensa; tinayenera kupanga nkhungu yomwe imachirikiza kwathunthu pambali pake ndikulowetsa pulasitiki kupyolera mumagulu ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono mu ndondomeko yomwe inapanga mwangwiro, kupanikizika kochepa pa malo ovuta. Zinatenga mayesero khumi ndi awiri a nkhungu kuti apange mapangidwe a chipata ndi kuzizira bwino. Ukadaulo wofunikira pano umaphatikiza makina olondola (kuti apange ziboliboli zabwino za nkhungu ndi zothandizira) ndikumvetsetsa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa polymer rheology.
Awa ndi malo enieni pomwe kuthekera kokulirapo kwa wopanga kumakhala kotsimikizika. Kampani ngati QSY, yokhala ndi makina ake ochulukirapo a CNC komanso chidziwitso chogwira ntchito ndi ma alloys ochita bwino kwambiri popangira ndalama, ili ndi mwayi wothana ndi zovuta izi. Amatha kupanga makina osakanikirana azitsulo, kumvetsetsa kulekerera kwake ndi zofooka zake, ndiyeno kugwirizana pa mapangidwe a nkhungu kuti atetezedwe panthawi ya overmolding. Ndi njira Integrated. Simukungotumiza chosindikizira ku choumba ndi kusindikiza kosiyana kwa katswiri wamakina; ndondomeko yonseyi imapangidwa molumikizana. Kwa gawo lofunika kwambiri mu valve yoyendetsa kayendedwe, mwachitsanzo, kuphatikiza uku kunatanthawuza kusiyana pakati pa prototype ndi gawo lodalirika, lopangidwa ndi misala.
Zowona Zachuma: Mtengo motsutsana ndi Mtengo
Tinene mosabisa: chitsulo cholowetsa jekeseni akamaumba nthawi zambiri si njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri yopangira gawo. Zoyikapo zimawononga ndalama, kuumba kumacheperachepera, ndipo zida zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Kulungamitsidwa nthawi zonse kumakhala kowonjezera mtengo komanso kutsika mtengo kwadongosolo lonse. Ngati choyikacho chikulepheretsa ntchito yophatikiza ina, monga kubowola ndi chomangira pamanja, mutha kupambana pamtengo wake. Ngati imathandizira chisindikizo chopanda madzi chomwe chingafune O-ring ndi sitepe ya msonkhano wosiyana, mumapambana pa kudalirika ndi mtengo.
Chinsinsi ndicho kupanga ndondomeko kuyambira pachiyambi. Kuyesera kuwonjezera choyikapo ku gawo lomwe linapangidwira msonkhano wachikhalidwe ndi chigamba. Kupanga gawolo ndi choyikapo ngati gawo loyambira kumakupatsani mwayi wokhathamiritsa chilichonse: makulidwe a khoma mozungulira choyikapo kuti mugawike bwino kupsinjika, mawonekedwe omwe amathandizira pakuyika pawokha, ndi ma geometri omwe amathandizira nkhungu. Ndakhala ndikuwunika momwe kusuntha nthiti 1.5mm kumalola pini yosavuta, yolimba kwambiri kuti ithandizire kuyikapo, kupulumutsa masauzande pakukonza nkhungu pamoyo wake.
Pamapeto pake, chigamulo chogwiritsa ntchito njirayi chimafika pogwira ntchito. Ndizopanga zida zolimba, zamitundu yambiri pomwe kukhulupirika kwa chomangira sikungakambirane. Kaya ndi mfundo yomwe imayenera kupirira mikombero miliyoni imodzi ya torque, cholumikizira chomwe chikuyenera kukhala chotsimikizira kumiza, kapena chida chopangira opaleshoni chomwe chimafunikira chitsulo cholimba kuti chigwirizane ndi kulumikizidwa, njirayi ndi chida chothetsera mavuto a uinjiniya, osati kungopanga sitepe. Zikachitidwa bwino, poyang'ana tsatanetsatane wa zida, zimango, ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, zotsatira zake zimakhala gawo lomwe limasowa kuti lizigwira ntchito zodalirika - zomwe ndi zabwino kwambiri zomwe mungapereke ku njira iliyonse yopangira.
