Mukamva za 'metal powder metallurgy', chithunzi chomwe chilipo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chosindikizira, makina osindikizira omwe akutuluka bwino komanso zovuta. Ndilo mtundu wa kabukuka. Zowona, makamaka mukamasaka kapena kuphatikiza zinthuzi m'magulu akuluakulu, ndizowopsa. Ndizokhudza kumvetsetsa komwe mphamvu zenizeni zagona-osati pomaliza sintering, koma mu mawonekedwe a ufa, kachitidwe ka binder, ndi ntchito zachiwiri zomwe nthawi zambiri zimanyalanyazidwa. Ambiri amaganiza kuti ndi malo amodzi opangira zida zooneka ngati ukonde, koma amanyalanyaza ntchito yofunika kwambiri yopangira makina a post-sintering kapena kulowa. Kusiyana kumeneku pakati pa kuyembekezera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito koyenera ndi kumene ntchito zambiri zimapunthwa.
Ufa Wokha: Kumene Chilichonse Chimayambira Ndipo Chingathe Kulakwika
Zonse zimayamba ndi chakudya. Simungathe kuyankhula zitsulo ufa zitsulo popanda kumva granular za ufa. Ndawonapo mapulojekiti akutchula ufa wachitsulo wosapanga dzimbiri kuti ungoyang'anizana ndi kuchepa kwa sintering ndi tsamba lankhondo. Kugawidwa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kapangidwe kazinthu (zozungulira motsutsana ndi zosawerengeka), komanso kuyenda sizomwe zimangokhala pa datasheet; amalamula kachulukidwe wobiriwira ndipo, pamapeto pake, kukhulupirika kwa gawolo. Wopereka katundu kamodzi anatitumizira mtanda wa 316L ufa womwe umawoneka wangwiro koma unali ndi mpweya wambiri. Chotsatira pambuyo sintering? Embrittlement ndi pamwamba makulitsidwe. Tidaphunzira movutikira kuti ma cert ndi abwino, koma nthawi zina mumafunika macheke anu, makamaka pazofunikira.
Apa ndipamene maubwenzi a nthawi yayitali amafunikira. Kampani ngati Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), omwe ali ndi zaka 30 zakuthambo pakupanga ndi kupanga ma aloyi apadera, amamvetsetsa bwino momwe zinthu zimakhalira. Ngakhale kuti amadziwika ndi kupanga ndalama, chidziwitso chakuya chazitsulo chimamasulira. Akapeza ufa wa a zitsulo ufa zitsulo pulojekiti—titi, pagawo la faifi tambala wa superalloy—sakungogula chinthu; iwo akuuyesa motsutsana ndi cholowa chodziwa momwe zitsulo zimakhalira pa kutentha ndi kupsinjika. Malingaliro amenewo ndi amtengo wapatali.
Kusankha pakati pa ufa wopangidwa ndi maatomu amadzi ndi mpweya ndi njira ina yachiweruzo. Mafuta opangidwa ndi ma atomu amakhala ozungulira kwambiri, amayenda bwino kuti adzaze movutikira, ndipo nthawi zambiri amapereka zinthu zabwinoko zomaliza. Koma ndi okwera mtengo. Kwa gawo lokwera kwambiri, losafunikira kwenikweni, ma atomu amadzi amatha kukhala okwanira komanso otsika mtengo kwambiri. Ndi malonda amtunduwu omwe amalekanitsa kamangidwe kazongopeka kuchokera kuzinthu zopangidwa, zotsika mtengo.
Kuchokera ku Compaction to Sintering: The Make-or-Break Phase
Kuphatikizika kumawoneka kosavuta: kanikizani ufa kukhala ufa. Koma kufanana kwa kugawa kwapakati ndi luso lakuda. Magawo amitundu yambiri okhala ndi kutalika kwakukulu kosiyanasiyana amadziwika ndi kachulukidwe gradient. Nthawi ina tinali ndi giya pomwe flange inali yangwiro, koma dera lapakati linali locheperako, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti kukameta ubweya kulephera. Yankho lake silinali makina osindikizira apamwamba kwambiri; chinali kukonzanso kwa zida zokhala ndi nkhonya zingapo komanso kusintha kwanzeru kwamafuta a ufa. Idawonjezera mtengo wa zida koma idasunga gawolo.
Sintering ndi pamene matsenga - ndi mantha - zimachitika. Mlengalenga wa ng'anjo ndi chirichonse. Kutsika pang'ono kwa stoichiometry mu kusakaniza kwanu kwa haidrojeni-nitrogen kumatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwa carburization kapena, choyipitsitsa, chojambula cha kaboni m'zigawo zachitsulo. Vacuum sintering ndiyabwino kwambiri pazida zogwiritsa ntchito ngati titaniyamu kapena ma aloyi apadera a QSY amagwira nawo ntchito, koma ndizovuta kwambiri. Mitengo yokwera, kutentha konyowa, ndi kuzizira zonse zimachokera ku zomwe zachitika, osati pamapindikira pamabuku. Ndikukumbukira gulu la zigawo za cobalt-chrome zomwe zidapanga ming'alu yaying'ono chifukwa kuzizira kunali koopsa kwambiri pamakina omwe timagwiritsa ntchito. Kuwongolera kuzungulirako kunatengera ng'anjo zina zitatu ndikulumikizana zambiri ndi data ya wopanga ufa.
Ndikoyeneranso kudziwa kuti sintering nthawi zambiri imapereka mawonekedwe enieni. Nthawi zonse pamakhala kusintha kwina. Kuyembekezera ndi kupanga kulolerana kwa sintered ndikofunikira. Nthawi zina, mumangofuna kukhala ndi sinter-forge pomwe mumatsitsa mwadala ndikuwongolera. Nthawi zina, mumangopanga kupanga makina. Uwu ndiye ulalo wachilengedwe kumakampani omwe amatsata njira. Gawo likhoza kupangidwa kudzera zitsulo ufa zitsulo chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zakuthupi komanso mawonekedwe apafupi ndi ukonde, kenako amatumizidwa kuti atsimikizidwe CNC makina kuti mukwaniritse kulekerera komaliza pazida zazikulu zoboola kapena ulusi. Ndi njira yopangira hybrid yomwe imakhala yomveka kwambiri.
Udindo Wofunika Wantchito Zachiwiri
Izi mwina ndiye lingaliro lolakwika kwambiri. Anthu amaganiza kuti gawolo likutuluka mu ng'anjo ya sinter yokonzeka kutumiza. Pafupifupi ayi. Magawo ambiri amafunikira kukula kapena kupanga ndalama - ntchito yomaliza ya atolankhani kuti igwire zolimba. Ena amafunikira chithandizo cha nthunzi kuti azitha kukana makutidwe ndi okosijeni pazigawo zachitsulo. Pazinthu zomwe zimafuna kulimba kwamphamvu, monga ma hydraulic components, resin impregnation ndi gawo lokhazikika koma losavuta. Pezani kuchuluka kwa vacuum molakwika muchipinda choyimilira, ndipo chosindikiziracho sichingalowetse porosity yonse.
Ndiye pali makina. Zida zokhala ndi sintered zimatha kukhala zopweteka komanso zosokoneza, zomwe zimakhala zolimba pazida. Mufunika magiredi oyenera a carbide ndi ma feed / liwiro. Wothandizana naye wamphamvu CNC makina ukatswiri, monga zomwe mungapeze pakampani yomwe ili ndi mbiri ya QSY, ili ndi mwayi pano. Iwo sali kokha subcontracting Machining; amamvetsetsa momwe sintered microstructure idzachitira pansi pa chida chodulira. Amadziwa kuti gawo likhoza kukhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono komwe kungayambitse macheza a zida, ndipo amatha kukonza ndikugwiritsa ntchito moyenera.
Kutentha mankhwala pambuyo sintering ndi wosanjikiza wina. Zimapangidwa kuti ziwongolere katundu, koma muyenera kusamala kuti musapangitse kupotoza mbali yomwe idasinthidwa kale kuti iwoneke bwino. Mlandu kuumitsa zitsulo za sintered kumafuna kuwongolera bwino kuti musagwedeze mano. Ndi njira zolumikizirana pambuyo pake zomwe zimatanthauzira momwe gawolo likuyendera.
Kugwirizana Kwazinthu: Pamene Powder Metallurgy Ikumana ndi Katswiri Woponya
Iyi ndi ngodya yosangalatsa. Pamene zitsulo ufa zitsulo ndipo kuponya ndalama nthawi zambiri kumawoneka ngati njira zopikisana, pali mgwirizano mu chidziwitso chakuthupi. Zonsezi zimagwira ntchito ndi chitsulo chopangidwa kuchokera ku granular kapena kusungunuka, kutsatiridwa ndi kulimba / sintering. Kampani yokhazikika pakupanga ndalama zopangira nickel ndi cobalt-based alloys ili ndi malingaliro akuya, pafupifupi omveka bwino momwe ma aloyiwa amayankhira kutentha, kuchepera kwawo, komanso makina awo omaliza.
Kudziwa kumeneku kumasamutsidwa mwachindunji. Kampani yotereyi ikawunika a zitsulo ufa zitsulo pulojekiti ya gawo la aloyi wotentha kwambiri, sakuyambira pa ziro. Atha kufunsa mafunso abwinoko: Kodi zenera la ufali likhala ndi mapangidwe apamwamba a gamma omwe tikufuna mu aloyi ya nickel iyi? kapena kutengera zomwe takumana nazo ndi nyimbo zofananira, ndi chithandizo chanji cha kutentha kwapambuyo pa sinter chomwe chingalimbikitse kukana kukwawa? Izi sizongomveka; umagwiritsidwa ntchito zitsulo. Kwa kasitomala, kugwira ntchito ndi wothandizira yemwe ali ndi chidziwitso chophatikizira ichi kumachotsa gawo lachitukuko pachiwopsezo.
Ndawonapo izi zikuseweredwa ndi zida zovuta zamafuta. Mapangidwe oyamba adafuna kuyika ndalama, koma pazigawo zina zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi njira zamkati, zitsulo ufa zitsulo kudzera pakuumba jekeseni wachitsulo (MIM) idapereka yankho labwinoko pakuvuta kwa mawonekedwe komanso kukonza pang'ono. Katswiri yemwe analipo wa aloyi pawokha adapangitsa kuti kusintha kwa njira ndi chitukuko cha parameter kukhale kosavuta.
Malingaliro Othandiza ndi Zowona Zamtengo
Tiyeni tikambirane manambala ndi mavoliyumu. Mtengo wokwera wa zida zopangira compaction kapena MIM molds zikutanthauza zitsulo ufa zitsulo ndi masewera voliyumu. Sizimakhala zomveka kwa ma prototypes kapena kuthamanga mazana. Mufunika masauzande, nthawi zambiri masauzande ambiri, kuti muchepetse mtengo wamtsogolo. Komabe, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinthuzo ndikwabwino kwambiri, nthawi zambiri kupitilira 95%, komwe pama aloyi okwera mtengo kumapulumutsa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi makina opangira ma bar.
Nthawi yotsogolera ndi chinthu china. Ngakhale kuti nthawi yozungulira gawo lililonse ndi yayifupi, mapangidwe a zida, kupanga, ndi kukonza njira zimatenga miyezi. Si njira yosinthira mwachangu. Mumatsekeredwanso pang'ono pomwe chida chapangidwa. Kusintha kwapangidwe, ngakhale kakang'ono, kungatanthauze kusinthidwa kwa zida zodula kapena seti yatsopano yakufa. Izi zimafuna kukhwima kwa mapangidwe apamwamba, omwe amatsutsana ndi filosofi yamakono yofulumira. Zimakakamiza mtundu wina wa chilango.
Potsirizira pake, kulamulira khalidwe kuli ponseponse. Sikungoyendera komaliza. Muyenera kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa ufa, kulemera kwa gawo lobiriwira / kachulukidwe, zipika zamlengalenga, ndi macheke amtundu uliwonse. Zowerengera zowongolera ma chart ndi bwenzi lanu lapamtima. Ndi njira yomwe imapereka mphotho kusasinthika ndikulanga kusinthasintha. Ndicho chifukwa chake kupeza mnzako wokhala ndi chikhalidwe chokhazikika cha kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake - mtundu womwe unamangidwa kwa zaka zambiri, monga mumakampani opanga zaka 30 - si chinthu chabwino kukhala nacho; ndi zofunika kwa chirichonse kupitirira zofunika kwambiri sintered chigawo chimodzi.
