Mukafunsa anthu ambiri, ngakhale mainjiniya ena omwe angomaliza kumene kusukulu, kodi mphuno ndi chiyani, amafotokozera chubu chosavuta chojambulidwa. Bowo lomwe limafulumizitsa madzimadzi. Ndilo lingaliro lolakwika kwambiri. M'dziko lathu lapansi - kutulutsa kolondola komanso kukonza makina - mphuno ndi mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito. Ndipamene mphamvu zamakina zimamasuliridwa kukhala zinthu zolamuliridwa: kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, kuziziritsa, kudula, kubaya jekeseni. Pezani mawonekedwe ake amkati, kumaliza kwake, kapena zinthu zolakwika ndi ma microns ochepa, ndipo ntchito yanu yonse imatha kutsika ndi maperesenti awiri. Ndaziwonapo nthawi zambiri, pomwe pulojekiti imapunthwa osati pa chowongolera chachikulu kapena pampu, koma pagawo lowoneka ngati laling'ono.
Mdyerekezi ali mu Geometry: Zoposa Mbiri Yokha
Tengani nozzle yojambulira mafuta pa injini ya dizilo. Chitsanzo cha CAD chikuwoneka cholunjika, koma vuto lenileni ndilo kusintha kuchokera ku sac kupita ku orifices. Kumeneko sikuli nsonga yakuthwa chabe; imafunika kuzungulira kwa hydrodynamic, komwe kumatheka kudzera mu makina oyenda bwino abrasive. Nthawi ina tinkagwirirapo ntchito kasitomala, kuwapanga kuchokera kuchitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chopanda kanthu. Zojambulazo zimafuna kutha kwa Ra 0.2μm. Tidagunda pa CMM, koma benchi yoyezetsa magazi idawonetsa mawonekedwe opopera osagwirizana. Nkhani yake? Pamene Ra anali bwino, ife tinali kunyalanyaza mphuno kusinthasintha kwa ngodya yotsogolera. Kusiyanasiyana kwakung'ono kuchokera kumtunda wina kupita ku wina, mwina madigiri 0,5 kutsika, kunapangitsa kuti mafuta asungunuke m'malo mopanga atomi. CMM sinathe kudziwa zobisika izi - zidatengera kuyika kofananira kodzipatulira komanso kuyesa kwambiri pa benchi.
Ndiko komwe zaka 30 zakumbuyo pamalo ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. zimabwera mumasewera. Mumayamba kumva kuti kulolerana kuli kokongola pajambula komanso komwe kumagwira ntchito. Za mphuno ntchito, makamaka poponya ndalama, monga-cast pamwamba pa ndime yamkati ndi yofunika kwambiri. Kodi mumamaliza ndi CNC yotopetsa, kapena EDM, kapena kulemekeza? Kusankha kumadalira khalidwe la alloy. Ndi ma aloyi opangidwa ndi faifi tambala, omwe timagwira pafupipafupi, amagwira ntchito molimba ngati wamisala. Chida chokhazikika cha carbide chikhoza kukhala magawo awiri nsonga isanawonongeke, zomwe zimakhudza kusasinthasintha kwake. Nthawi zambiri timasintha pang'onopang'ono, ndondomeko ya EDM yoyendetsedwa bwino kuti tipewe kusokoneza maganizo ndi kusintha zinthu zomwe zili pamwamba.
Kusankha zinthu ndi dzenje lina la kalulu. Zosasintha nthawi zambiri zimakhala 316 zosapanga dzimbiri. Koma kwa ntchito zotentha kwambiri monga muwotchera wa gasi, ndiye njira yakukokoloka kofulumira. Tasamukira ku ma aloyi opangidwa ndi cobalt ngati Stellite 6 pazigawo zotere. Nsomba? Kuchikonza. Abrasiveness ndi kulimba kwake zikutanthauza kuvala chida ndi exponential. Inu simungakhoze basi kuthamanga muyezo CNC pulogalamu; muyenera kusintha ma feed, kuthamanga, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zokutira zida zapadera. Nthawi zina, zimakhala zotsika mtengo kuti mawonekedwewo akhale oyandikira momwe angathere pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama pamalo awo - njira yawo yopangira chipolopolo ndi yabwino kwa ma geometries amkati - kenaka amangosindikiza nkhope zosindikiza komanso ma orifice okha.
Kuchokera Kusindikiza Mpaka Gawo: The Machining Nuances
CNC Machining a mphuno sizili ngati kugaya bulaketi. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kukhazikika komanso kukhulupirika kwa zinthu zamkati. Nthawi ina tinali ndi ntchito yopangira ma nozzles opopera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka mankhwala. Zinthuzo zinali duplex zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Vutoli lidawonekera pakubowola kwakuya kwa njira yolowera. Ngakhale ndi zoziziritsa kukhosi kwambiri, kuthamangitsidwa kwa chip kunali koyipa, zomwe zimatsogolera kugoletsa pakhoma. Kugoletsa kumeneku kunayambitsa chipwirikiti zomwe pambuyo pake zidapangitsa kuti cavitation ndi kulephera msanga m'munda. Yankho lake silinali makina a fancier, koma jiometri yobowola yosiyana komanso kuzungulira kwapang'onopang'ono komwe kumawoneka kopanda pake pamapepala koma kupulumutsa gulu lonse ku zidutswa.
Kukonzekera ndi 80% ya nkhondo. Kodi mungagwire bwanji kamphuno kakang'ono, kowoneka bwino kosasinthika popanda kusokoneza? Kwa ma orifices olondola kwambiri, ngakhale ma Newton ochepa a clamping force amatha kutulutsa gawolo. Tayamba kugwiritsa ntchito nsagwada zofewa za ceramic ndikufufuza zomwe tikuchita kuti tipeze ma data asanafike pomaliza. Zimawonjezera nthawi, koma ndi njira yokhayo yotsimikizira kuti orifice ndi yokhazikika pampando wapampando. Ndikukumbukira projekiti yofotokozedwa patsamba lawo tsngtaocnc.com, komwe adawonetsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa ma axis angapo opangira ma atomizer amafuta. Chofunikira kwambiri sichinali makinawo, koma kutsatizana kwa magwiridwe antchito: kusokoneza kunja, kenaka kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa gawolo, kenako kumaliza mikombero yamkati, ndikudula ulusi wakunja. Kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwapakati ndi gawo lomwe masitolo ambiri amadumpha kuti apulumutse mtengo, koma ndikofunikira kuti bata.
Deburring ndiye wakupha mwakachetechete. Pambuyo pobowola kapena EDMing orifice, mumapeza burr ya microscopic kumbali yotuluka. Ngati sichichotsedwa - ndipo ndikutanthauza kuchotsedwa kwathunthu - imasiya kugwira ntchito, kukhala FOD (Kuwonongeka kwa Zinthu Zakunja). Abrasive flow Machining (AFM) ndiabwino kwambiri pa izi, koma pamafunika kuwongolera kawonekedwe ka media komanso kukakamiza pakukula kwa nozzle iliyonse. Pazinthu zazing'ono zochepera 0.3mm, media ya AFM imatha kutseka. Tayamba kugwiritsa ntchito electrochemical deburring kwa iwo, omwe ndizovuta zina zonse zowongolera. Izi ndizinthu zopanda pake, zosasangalatsa zomwe zimalekanitsa gawo lomwe limagwira ntchito ndi lomwe limakhalitsa.
Njira Zolephera ndi Zomwe Amakuphunzitsani
Nthawi zophunzitsa kwambiri zimachokera ku zolephera. Kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yanga, tinapanga mphuno zamkuwa zodulira madzi. Wogulayo adanenanso kuti amavala mwachangu, ndikukulitsa m'mimba mwake mkati mwa maola 50. Tidayang'ana makina athu: zonse to spec. Kusanthula kulephera kunawonetsa kukokoloka-zimbiri. Mkuwa weniweni unali wofewa kwambiri. Tinasinthira ku aloyi yamkuwa ya beryllium ndikuwonjezera kutentha komaliza. Moyo wovala unakula kakhumi. Kodi tikuphunzirapo chiyani? Zomwe zili pajambula ndizoyambira. Kumvetsetsa malo enieni ogwirira ntchito-madzimadzi, kupanikizika, zonyansa, maulendo ozungulira-ndikofunikira. Izi zimagwirizana ndi njira ya QSY yoperekera mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuchokera kuchitsulo chosungunuka kupita kuzitsulo zapadera; mufunika kukula kwake kuti mufanane ndi zinthu ndi ntchito yeniyeni, osati kungoyambira.
Kulephera kwina kwachikale ndi kutopa kwamafuta. Amawonedwa mumilomo yopangira jakisoni. Amayendetsedwa pazipinda zotentha mpaka 300 ° C nthawi zonse. Chitsulo cholimba cholimba chikhoza kukhala cholimba kwambiri kuti chisawonongeke koma chopanda mphamvu kutenthedwa ndi kutentha. Tinasamukira kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cha H13, chowumitsidwa ndi kupsya mtima, koma ndi cholinga chokwaniritsa microstructure yofanana kwambiri kupyolera mu chithandizo cha kutentha. Ngakhale zili choncho, mapangidwe a heater band groove amafunikira - ngodya zakuthwa zimakhala malo oyambira ming'alu. Nthawi zina, mumayenera kukangana ndi wopanga kuti alole utali wokulirapo wa fillet, kusiya kutenthetsa pang'ono kuti mupindule kwambiri pamoyo wautumiki.
Kuwonongeka ndi kobisika, makamaka muzitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Passivation akuyenera kuteteza izo, koma ngati Machining kapena kuwotcherera ndondomeko anayambitsa ophatikizidwa chitsulo particles kapena amalenga kutentha-tint madera, inu kulenga localized galvanic maselo. Ndawona makina opangidwa bwino kwambiri a 304 opanda banga mphuno chifukwa chingwe chopangira chakudya chalephera chifukwa cha dzimbiri chifukwa sitoloyo idagwiritsa ntchito burashi yachitsulo poyeretsa. Tsopano, timakakamiza kusakanitsa kwa zida ndi kutsata pambuyo pa ndondomeko ya nitric acid pazigawo zonse zosapanga dzimbiri, kupatulapo. Ndi sitepe yosakanizika, mofanana ndi ma protocol omwe mungayembekezere kuchokera kwa katswiri wakale.
Maziko Oyimba: Kupeza Mawonekedwe Poyambirira
Kwa ma nozzles ovuta okhala ndi mayendedwe ozizirira mkati kapena ma doko amitundu yambiri, kukonza makina olimba a bar ndikowononga ndipo nthawi zina sikutheka. Apa ndi pamene kuponya ndalama kumawala. Kutha kupanga ndime yoyambira mkati ngati pachimake cha ceramic mkati mwa chipolopolo cha chipolopolo ndikusintha masewera. Ku QSY, poyang'ana kwambiri zipolopolo ndi kupanga ndalama, uku ndi luso lofunikira. Chinyengo ndi pachimake. Kapangidwe kake, kuchuluka kwake kwa kutentha kofanana ndi chitsulo chomwe akutsanuliridwa, komanso momwe amachotsedwa mwaukhondo pambuyo pake.
Tinali ndi pulojekiti yopangira turbine nozzle guide vane (mtundu wa nozzle, kwenikweni) ku Inconel 718. Ndime zoziziritsa mkati zinali njoka. Machining? Palibe mwayi. Izo zinkayenera kuponyedwa. Vutoli linali kusintha kwakukulu panthawi yothira. Ngakhale kusalongosoka pang'ono kungapangitse makoma ena ozizira kukhala ochepa kwambiri, zomwe zimatsogolera pakuwotcha-kuyesa. Njira yothetsera vutoli inali yomangirira mozama kwambiri pakati pa phula ndi kufananiza ndi kulimba kuti pakhale malo ozizirira bwino. Ndi kuphatikiza kwa zida zakale zakusukulu komanso mapulogalamu amakono oyerekeza. Chotengera ndichakuti pamakina ofunikira kwambiri a nozzle, kupanga sikuyambira pamakina a CNC, koma m'malo ogulitsira.
Kumaliza pamwamba kuchokera pakuponyedwa ndichinthu chinanso. Malo otayira mkati mwa ndimeyi amakhala ndi kukhwimitsa kwina komwe kumatha kukhala kopindulitsa potengera kutentha muzozizira koma kumawononga kuyendetsa bwino kwa majekeseni amafuta. Nthawi zina, mumatchula zamkati mwa kukula kwake ndikungopanga ma orifices ovuta. Izi zimafuna kuwongolera modabwitsa pakuponyera kuwonetsetsa kuti pachimake pamwamba ndi chosalala komanso chokhazikika. Ndi mtengo wotsutsana ndi ntchito zomwe timayendera nthawi zonse ndi makasitomala. Cholinga nthawi zonse ndikuwonjezera makina pokhapokha pomwe amawonjezera phindu.
Convergence: Kumene Mumakumana ndi Chiphunzitso cha Trumps
Pamapeto pake, kupanga nozzle yodalirika sikutengera buku kapena njira imodzi yabwino. Ndizokhudza kumvetsetsa mndandanda wazomwe zimadalira: kalasi yazinthu imakhudza kutayika, zomwe zimakhudza machinability, zomwe zimakhudza ntchito yomaliza. Kusintha kwakung'ono kwa pH yamadzimadzi kumatha kukakamiza kusintha kwa zinthu kuchokera pa 316L kupita ku chosapanga chapamwamba kwambiri, zomwe zimakukakamizani kuti muwunikenso zida zilizonse zodula mu pulogalamu yanu ya CNC.
Mtengo weniweni wa bwenzi ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. sikuti ali ndi zonse zoponyera ndi kukonza pansi pa denga limodzi. Ndikuti mbiri yawo yayitali ikutanthauza kuti adawonapo kale zovuta zolumikizanazi. Iwo mwina agwira ntchito pomwe kuwongolera pang'ono kwa gating system mu nkhungu ya chipolopolo kunathetsa vuto lomwe likanawononga kumaliza pazovuta. mphuno khalani pambuyo pa makina. Kukumbukira kwamasukulu ndiko komwe mukulipira.
Choncho, nthawi ina mukadzayang'ana chojambula cha nozzle, musamangowona dzenje lapamwamba. Onani ulendo wonse kuchokera ku zitsulo zosungunuka kupita ku lipoti lovomerezeka loyesa. Chisankho chilichonse panjirayo - aloyi, njira yoponyera, kutsatizana kwa makina, njira yomaliza - zimasiya chala pa ntchito ya gawolo. Ndipo kuwongolera kumafuna malingaliro omwe amalemekeza mphuno osati ngati gawo losavuta, koma ngati mawonekedwe olondola omwe sayansi imakumana ndi zochitika. Ndiko kumene kuli ntchito yeniyeni.
