Anthu akamva 'zigawo za zida zamafuta ndi gasi', nthawi zambiri amajambula zinthu zazikulu, zochititsa chidwi - mitengo ya Khrisimasi, ma valve akuluakulu pansi pazitsulo. Ndiko kuyang'anira wamba. Nkhani yeniyeni, yomwe imachititsa kuti maopaleshoni aziyenda kapena kuwayimitsa, ili m'zigawo zosakongola kwambiri. Ma block ambiri, ma subs, ma sensor housings, ma impellers. Izi ndi mbali zomwe kukhulupirika ndi kulondola kwazinthu sizongolemba papepala; ndizomwe zimayima pakati pa nthawi yokonza nthawi zonse ndi chochitika chatsoka chosapanga phindu (NPT). Ndawonapo mapulojekiti ochuluka kwambiri momwe uinjiniya udayang'ana kumtunda, ndikungogwedezeka ndi ma bolts otsika kwambiri a alloy stud kapena cholumikizira chotenthetsera chomwe sichinakwaniritse ntchito yonse yowawasa. Ndiko kumene ukatswiri weniweni, ndi mtengo weniweni, zimakwiriridwa.
Zinthu Zofunika Si Nambala Yagiredi Yokha
Simungangoyitanitsa 316 zosapanga dzimbiri ndikuzitcha tsiku. Za zida zamafuta ndi gasi zikugwira ntchito m'malo apansi kapena pansi pa nyanja, satifiketi yakuthupi ndiye uthenga wabwino woyamba. Koma si imodzi yokha. Ndikukumbukira pulojekiti yamitengo yotsika kwambiri ya frac pomwe zopangira zidabwera ndi ma certs olondola a ASTM A182 F316L. Pa pepala, mwangwiro. Koma panthawi yopanga makina pa shopu yathu yothandizana nawo, akatswiri amakanika adawona zida zosagwirizana komanso kusiyanasiyana pang'ono pamapangidwe a chip. Chinachake chinasokonekera. Tidakankhira mayeso owonjezera, osakhala anthawi zonse - cheke chamtundu wa ferrite, kutsimikizira kofanana ndi nambala (PREN) kupitilira muyeso wocheperako. Zinapezeka kuti chemistry yosungunuka inali m'mphepete mwa m'mphepete mwa molybdenum. Mu ntchito yokhazikika, mwina idadutsa. Kwa malo okhala ndi chloride, malo opanikizika kwambiri omwe adapangidwira, inali njuga yomwe sitikanatha. Tinakana maere. Lingaliro limenelo, lotengera 'kumva' kuchokera pansi pa makina, linapulumutsa zomwe zingachitike pambuyo pake. Ndi granular, chidwi kwambiri ku chitsulo chomwe chimalekanitsa ogulitsa magawo.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake maubale anthawi yayitali ndi oyambitsa ndi makina opanga makina omwe amapeza izi ndi ofunikira. Ndagwira ntchito ndi Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) pama projekiti angapo pazaka zambiri. Mbiri yawo mu chipolopolo nkhungu kuponyera ndi kuponya ndalama kwa zaka zoposa makumi atatu zikutanthauza kuti awona kusinthika kwazinthu zakuthupi. Mukakambirana mbali ya matope mpope madzimadzi mapeto kapena valavu chepetsa, iwo samangoganiza za mawonekedwe; iwo akuganiza za kapangidwe kambewu ka 17-4PH zosapanga dzimbiri akakalamba, kapena momwe cobalt-based aloyi adzachita panthawi yovuta ya CNC Machining ya ndime otaya mkati. Kuti chikumbukiro cha chikhalidwe mu kuponya ndi CNC makina Mafuta opangira mafuta ndi chinthu chomwe simungagule usiku wonse.
Kusintha kopita ku ma alloys achilendo pantchito yopitilira muyeso - lingalirani za Inconel 718 pazitsime zotentha kwambiri (HTHP) kapena zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri zowononga ma flowlines - zapangitsa izi kukhala zovuta kwambiri. Kupanga aloyi ya faifi tambala sikufanana ndi kukonza zitsulo za carbon; magawo ndi osiyana, zida ndi zosiyana, kuziziritsa ndi kosiyana. Sitolo yomwe imayitenga ngati chitsulo china cholimba imawotcha zida, kuyambitsa ming'alu yaying'ono, ndikusokoneza moyo wautumiki wa gawolo lisanachoke m'fakitale. Ukatswiri wagona pakukonza njira yonse yopangira zinthu, kuyambira njira yoponyera mpaka kumapeto kwa makina omaliza, kupita kuzitsulo zenizeni.
Kulondola: Kumene Kumakhala Kokwanira Kumawononga Mamiliyoni
Kulekerera m'gawoli sikukhudza kukongola. Mbiri ya ulusi wokweretsa yomwe yatsitsidwa ndi masauzande angapo a inchi ingatanthauze kuti kulumikizana sikungalepheretse kuyesa. Malo osindikizira okhala ndi mapeto a Ra omwe ndi ovuta kwambiri, kapena oipitsitsa, osalala kwambiri ndipo salola kukhalapo kwa gasket yoyenera, amatha kutuluka. Ndinaphunzira izi movutikira koyambirira ndi gulu la API 6A flange adapters. Ziwalozo zinkawoneka zokongola, miyeso inali mkati mwa kulolerana komwe kunanenedwa. Koma panthawi yopanga pa rig, mapindikidwe a torque anali olakwika. Vutolo? Ulusi wozungulira wa ulusi, tsatanetsatane womwe sunawunikidwe kwambiri nthawi zonse pa lipoti loyendera, unali kumapeto kwenikweni kwa gulu la kulolerana, zomwe zimapangitsa kusokoneza panthawi yomaliza. Zotsatira zake: kukwiya, kutsatiridwa ndi kufunafuna mwachangu magawo olowa m'malo ndi maola 36 opumira. Mtengo wa magawowa unali wocheperako poyerekeza ndi NPT.
Apa ndi pamene patsogolo CNC makina ndi kuwongolera kokhazikika kokhazikika kumadutsana. Sizongokhala ndi mphero ya 5-axis; ndi za mapologalamu, kukonza, kuyeza komwe kuli mkati. Pazigawo zovuta monga nyumba yolumikizira pansi pa nyanja kapena gulu lowongolera ma valve okhala ndi ma bore odutsa, kutsatizana kwa magwiridwe antchito ndikofunikira kuti tipewe kusokonezeka kwa nkhawa. Kampani ngati QSY, yokhala ndi gawo lawo lodzipereka la makina, imamvetsetsa kuti kuponya ndi theka lankhondo. Makinawa ndi pomwe ma geometry ogwira ntchito komanso mawonekedwe osindikizira amabadwa. Ayenera kuyang'anira zovuta zotsalira kuchokera pakuponya panthawi ya makina, zomwe zimafuna chidziwitso chakuya cha ndondomeko.
Mbali ina yomwe nthawi zambiri imanyalanyazidwa ndi traceability. Wotsutsa aliyense mafuta ndi gasi zida gawo amafuna makolo. Izi zikutanthawuza kutsatiridwa kuchokera ku gawo lomaliza la makina kubwerera ku chiwerengero cha kutentha kwa zipangizo, kupyolera mu mayesero aliwonse osawononga (NDT) monga UT, MT, kapena PT. Mu kafukufuku kapena, kumwamba kuletsa, kufufuza kolephera, mapepalawo ndi ofunika monga gawo lomwelo. Dongosolo lolimba apa limalankhula zambiri zaukadaulo wa ogulitsa.
Kusankha Kuponya: Kuposa Mtengo Wamtengo
Kupanga nkhungu ya zipolopolo motsutsana ndi kupanga ndalama - sikophweka mwina/kapena. Iliyonse ili ndi madera ake mu gawo la chilengedwe. Pazigawo zazikulu, zosavuta za geometry zomwe zimafunikira kusamalidwa bwino komanso kutsirizika kwapamwamba kuposa kuponyera mchenga kwachikhalidwe - lingalirani ma valve, nyumba zama gearbox, kapena mapampu akulu - chipolopolo nkhungu kuponyera nthawi zambiri ndi ntchito. Imapereka mtengo wabwino, kulondola kwazithunzi, komanso kuchuluka kwa kupanga kwamitundu yapakati mpaka yayikulu.
Koma mukalowa m'magawo okhala ndi ma geometri ovuta amkati, makoma opyapyala, kapena zofunikira pakumaliza kwapadera, kuponya ndalama (njira yotayika ya sera) imabwera yokha. Ganizirani masamba a turbine a turbo-expander, nyumba zosefera zaluso, kapena zigawo za zida zoyezera-pamene-bowola (MWD). Kuthekera kopanga zida zokhala ndi zowoneka bwino zokhala ndi ma angles ochepa kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa alloy okwera mtengo omwe amayenera kupangidwa pambuyo pake, zomwe zimapulumutsa ndalama zambiri pazinthu monga Inconel kapena Hastelloy. Choyipa chake ndi nthawi yotsogolera komanso mtengo wamitundu ya nkhungu. Chigamulocho chimadalira momwe gawolo likugwirira ntchito, kuchuluka kwake, ndi mtengo wonse womwe wagwera pamene makinawo ayikidwa.
Ndapeza magawo kuchokera ku QSY pogwiritsa ntchito njira zonse ziwiri. Kwa kuthamanga kwa spools control control ndi porting mkati, kuumba zipolopolo kunali koyenera. For a set of corrosion-resistant alloy choke trim parts with tiny, precise flow orifices, investment casting was the only way to achieve the required integrity. Wopereka chithandizo yemwe angapereke ndi kulangiza mwachilungamo panjira zonse ziwiri, m'malo mokankhira imodzi chifukwa ndi kuthekera kwawo kokha, ndi bwenzi lofunika. Zikutanthauza kuti akukonza zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zopanga, osati kungodzaza dongosolo.
Kulephera ngati Ntchito Yokakamiza
Simuphunzira kwenikweni za magawo mpaka chinachake chisweka. Zaka zingapo mmbuyomo, tinali ndi vuto lobwerezabwereza ndi kuvala msanga pa plungers mu pampu yothamanga kwambiri katatu. Zinthuzo zinali zitsulo zolimba zolimba za alloy, zomwe zidakwaniritsidwa, koma zinali kulephera kufupikitsa moyo wawo womwe amayembekeza. Chochitika choyambirira chinali kudzudzula mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito. Koma titatha kugwetsa mayunitsi angapo omwe adalephera ndikuwayerekeza ndi omwe adakhalapo, tidawona kusiyana kocheperako pamagawo ang'onoang'ono a malo osindikizira. Ziwalo zopambana zinali ndi chimanga chokhazikika, chowongoka bwino kuchokera ku kachitidwe kamene kamachiritsa kutentha pambuyo pakukonza.
Kukonzekera sikunali kwatsopano, koma kuwongolera kokulirapo komanso mawonekedwe a pambuyo-CNC makina njira yothetsera kutentha - kutentha kwa kutentha, sing'anga yozimitsa, chirichonse. Tasintha zojambula ndi mafotokozedwe azinthu (MPS) kuti titseke izi. Uwu ndi mtundu watsatanetsatane womwe umalekanitsa gawo lazinthu kuchokera kuzinthu zodalirika. Nthawi zambiri zimafunikira mgwirizano ndi wopanga yemwe akufuna kukumba mumayendedwe awo. Si ntchito yosangalatsa, koma ndi yomwe imalepheretsa kulephera.
Maphunziro awa amapangidwa m'mapangidwe amtsogolo. Tsopano, pofotokoza gawo la pulogalamu yofananira, zokambirana zimayamba ndi, Mukukumbukira nkhani ya plunger? Tiyenera kufotokoza ndondomeko ya kutentha pa PO, ndipo timafunikira zolemba zonse. Zimakakamiza mgwirizano wowonjezereka, wogwirizana kwambiri ndi wopanga magawo.
Mtengo Weniweni wa Mnzanu Wautali
Pomaliza, kufufuza zida zamafuta ndi gasi si transactional masewera kupeza otsika mtengo. Ndizokhudza kuwongolera zoopsa. Chiwopsezo chazachuma cha NPT chimacheperako ndalama zilizonse pamtengo wagawo. Mukapeza wopanga yemwe wakhala akuyenda mozungulira - ma boom, mabasi, zinthu zomwe zikusintha komanso chitetezo - mukugula zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa, nthawi zina zowawa.
Kampani ngati QSY, yomwe ili ndi mbiri yazaka 30 pakupanga ndi kupanga, ikuphatikiza izi. Ayenera kuti awona kusintha kwatsatanetsatane kuchokera ku API 6A kupita ku 6AV1, asinthira ku NORSOK M-650 pantchito ya North Sea, ndipo apanga chilichonse kuyambira chitsulo choyambira mpaka zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ziwiri. Mbiri imeneyo imatanthauza kuti akhoza kuyembekezera mavuto. Atha kuyang'ana chojambulira ndi kunena kuti, Tapanga chofanana ndi chambiri ku Gulf. Makulidwe a khoma apa pamphambano atha kukhala vuto la porosity; mwaganiza zopanganso pang'ono kuti muzitha kuyendetsa bwino? Ndemanga zamtunduwu ndi golide.
Imasandutsa ubale kuchokera kwa wogula ndi wopereka zinthu kukhala wothandizana nawo waukadaulo. Cholinga chimachoka pakungopanga gawo kupita kukupanga gawo lodalirika lomwe limagwira ntchito m'mundamo. Ndizo zosaoneka zomwe mukutsata. Kupanikizika kukayamba, ndipo mukufunikira gawo lofunikira lomwe mukudziwa kuti lidzakhalapo, mgwirizano umenewo ndi umene mukudalira, kuposa nambala yogulitsira.
