Mukakhala mozungulira castings ndi Machining malinga ngati tili ku Qingdao Qiangsenyuan, inu kukhala ena kumverera kwa zipangizo. Ndizosangalatsa kangati ufa zitsulo zigawo bwerani mukukambirana ndi makasitomala kufunafuna njira zina. Pali malingaliro ambiri oti PM ndiye njira yamakono, yolondola kwambiri, yotsika mtengo komanso yothandiza kuposa njira zachikhalidwe monga maziko athu. chipolopolo nkhungu kuponyera kapena kuponya ndalama. Nthawi zina ndi zoona. Koma nthawi zambiri, zenizeni zimakhala zovuta, ndipo kusankha sikumveka bwino. Zimatengera zomwe pulogalamuyo siyingakambirane: kodi ikukhudza ma geometries amkati, kulimba kwamphamvu pakutentha, kapena mtengo wagawo lililonse pamlingo wapamwamba? Ndawonapo mapulojekiti pomwe kusintha kwa PM kunali kosunthika bwino, ndipo ena komwe kudapangitsa kuti pakhale bata, njira yotsika mtengo yobwezeretsanso kuti ikhale yolimba.
The Material Choice Conundrum
Mkate wathu watsiku ndi tsiku ndi zitsulo monga zitsulo zotayidwa, zitsulo zosiyanasiyana, ndi zinthu zolimba—zopangidwa ndi faifi tambala ndi aloyi a cobalt. Izi zimasungunuka ndikutsanuliridwa. Zigawo zaufa zitsulo Yambani kuchokera kumalo osiyanasiyana: ufa wabwino wachitsulo woponderezedwa ndi wothira. Ubwino waposachedwa ndi mawonekedwe apafupi ndi ma geometries ena, makamaka omwe ali ndi magawo angapo kapena mawonekedwe osavuta a axial. Mukhoza kuchepetsa makina, omwe ndi opulumutsa ndalama zambiri. Tinali ndi kasitomala kamodzi ndi gawo la lever yapamwamba kwambiri, poyamba inali msonkhano wosindikizidwa ndi wokokedwa. Anafufuza PM, ndipo mbali imeneyo, inali yabwino. Kuchulukana kunali kokwanira, kulolerana kunachitidwa, ndipo mtengo wa chidutswa chilichonse unatsika kwambiri. Zinali zomveka.
Koma ndiye inu kugunda malire. Kukambitsirana kukatembenukira ku zigawo zowoneka bwino kwambiri, kapena zigawo zomwe zikuyang'anizana ndi kutentha kwakukulu ndi dzimbiri - mwachitsanzo, m'malo opangira makina opangira magetsi kapena makina opangira mankhwala - kawerengero kamasintha. Zida zopangira sintered, ngakhale zokhala ndi forging pambuyo pake (P/M forging), zimatha kuvutikira kuti zigwirizane ndi mawonekedwe ofananirako, opanda chilema pakupanga kopanga bwino kopanga ndalama, makamaka ma aloyi athu apadera. Pali nthawizonse kuti porosity kuganizira. Sikuti ndi cholakwika; ndi chibadidwe. Koma ngati gawo lanu silingathe kukhala ndi porosity yolumikizana mopanikizika, nthawi yomweyo mukutsamira kuzitsulo zosungunuka.
Ndikukumbukira kusanthula kwapadera komwe tidafunsidwa kuti tikambirane. Mpando wa valve ya sintered wosapanga dzimbiri sunali wokwanira bwino pakutopa koopsa, kothamanga kwambiri. Vutoli lidayambanso kuchulukirachulukira kosagwirizana mu gawo linalake, vuto la PM, lomwe limatsogolera ku njira ya dzimbiri komanso kuyambitsa ming'alu. Yankho, pambuyo pa kubwereza-bwereza, sikunali kuwongolera njira ya PM koma kusinthira ku CF8M yosasunthika yosasunthika kudzera pakuponya ndalama. Mtengo wa gawolo unakwera, koma mtengo wa moyo wonse unatsika. Ndilo phunziro lothandiza lomwe simuliiwala.
Pomwe Casting ndi PM Diverge (ndipo Nthawi Zina Amakumana)
Izi sizokhudza kulengeza zaukadaulo wina kuti ndi wapamwamba. Ndi za fit. Ku QSY, ndi zaka zathu zambiri chipolopolo nkhungu kuponyera ndi kuponya ndalama, tikuwona niche yathu momveka bwino. Kwa ma geometri ovuta kwambiri, okhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala mu ma aloyi achilendo amenewo, kuponya nthawi zambiri sikungagonjetsedwe. Ganizirani za choyikapo nyali chokhala ndi zopindika zooneka ngati mpweya. Kuyesera kukanikiza kuti kuchokera ku ufa ndikovuta; kuponya ndi luso lomveka bwino, ngati losakhwima. Kumapeto kwa chipolopolo chabwino cha ceramic kumakhalanso kopambana kuposa malo opangidwa ndi sintered, omwe nthawi zambiri amafunikira ntchito zachiwiri.
Komabe, kuthamangitsa PM kungakhale kupusa. Pamawonekedwe osavuta, ofananirako ngati magiya, ma bushings, kapena zolumikizira zina zamagalimoto, PM nthawi zambiri amakhala ngwazi yazachuma. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zinthuzo n’kwabwino kwambiri—kopanda chitayiko. Zomwe taphunzira ndikuti masitepe omaliza ndi pomwe maiko amatha kugundana. Ndiko komwe kwathu CNC makina ukatswiri umayamba kugwira ntchito. Ambiri ufa zitsulo zigawo zimafuna makina olondola pazinthu zofunikira pambuyo pa sintering. Tapanga zida zosawerengeka - kuwonjezera ulusi, ma bore, kupanga ma flats olondola. The Machining magawo ndi osiyana; mukudula porous, kotero moyo wa zida ndi mitengo ya chakudya ikufunika kusintha. Ndi kumverera kosiyana pansi pa sitolo.
Palinso malo osakanizidwa: Metal Injection Molding (MIM), yomwe ili ngati msuweni wovuta kwambiri wa PM. Zimalola kuti mawonekedwe ovuta kwambiri kuposa kukanikiza wamba. Tapereka zopanga zamakina zomwe pambuyo pake zidasinthidwa ndi zida za MIM kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pazida zamankhwala, pomwe voliyumuyo idalungamitsa mtengo wokwera wa zida komanso kudzipereka pang'ono mwamphamvu kwambiri kunali kovomerezeka. Chinsinsi chinali kulankhulana momasuka pazamalonda kuyambira gawo loyamba lachiwonetsero.
Zowona za Kulekerera ndi Volume
Mfundo yaikulu ya chisokonezo ndi kulolerana. Mabulosha ogulitsa amatha kulemba manambala osangalatsa a PM. Koma izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala za gawo limodzi, lokonzedwa bwino pamachitidwe oyendetsedwa bwino. Pakupanga kwapadziko lonse lapansi pagulu, kusinthika kumatha kukhala kokulirapo kuposa kumakina kopanda kanthu kopanda kanthu. Chifukwa chiyani? Dimensional kusintha pa sintering si mwangwiro yunifolomu; zimatengera kuchuluka kwa ufa, kutentha kwa ng'anjo, ndikuyika gawo. Pa gawo lomwe limafunikira kulolerana kwa +/- 0.025mm pachibowo chovuta, kuyambira ndi mawonekedwe a sintered pafupi ndi ukonde sikungapulumutse ndalama ngati mungafunike makina 90% a pamwamba pake kuti mugunde modalirika. Zikatero, nthawi zina zimakhala zowongoka kwambiri kuyamba ndi kuponya kopanda kanthu.
Voliyumu ndi wolamulira wankhanza winayo. Chida cholimba chokakamiza kwambiri PM ndichokwera mtengo. Pakuthamanga kwa zidutswa za 50,000 pachaka, ndizovomerezeka mosavuta. Kwa zidutswa 500? Pafupifupi ayi. Njira zathu zoponyera, makamaka kuumba kwa zipolopolo, zimatha kusinthika pang'onopang'ono mpaka ma volume apakati. Zipangizo zamapangidwe ndizotsika mtengo komanso zosavuta kusintha. Kusinthasintha uku ndi chinthu chomwe timakhala nacho Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. kufunika kwambiri, chifukwa kumatithandiza kuti tizigwira ntchito moyenera ndi magulu onse akuluakulu komanso mapulojekiti a chitukuko.
Ndakhala ndikuwunika momwe mainjiniya achichepere amalimbikira pa PM chifukwa buku linati ndizothandiza. Koma tikamawononga ndalama zonse - zida, sintering, makina achiwiri ofunikira, komanso kuopsa kwa zidutswa - motsutsana ndi mtengo wa makina opangira makina ochepa, manambala amasinthasintha pafupipafupi, makamaka pamagiredi aloyi omwe timakonda kugwira. Malo opumira ndi apamwamba kuposa momwe ambiri amaganizira.
Maphunziro ochokera ku Machine Shop
Umboni nthawi zonse umakhala mu makina. Mutha kudziwa zambiri za chiyambi cha gawo ndi momwe zimakhalira pa mphero ya CNC kapena lathe. Chigawo choponyedwa, ngati ndondomekoyo ndi yomveka, makina omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chodziwika bwino. Tchipisi zimasweka bwino. A ufa zitsulo gawo ali ndi kudula kosiyana. Kapangidwe kazinthu zosokonekera kumatha kupangitsa kuti chodulidwacho chizimva kukhala chonyowa pang'ono, ndipo mawonekedwe amavalidwe a zida amasiyana. Kulowa kozizira mu porosity kumathanso kukhala vuto, nthawi zina kumayambitsa kuipitsidwa kapena kuseweretsa mtsogolo. Tidaphunzira izi movutikira m'mbuyomu, popanga magulu azitsulo zamkuwa. Zoziziritsa kukhosi zinatsekeredwa mu pores ndipo pambuyo pake zinatuluka, zomwe zinayambitsa dzimbiri m'gululo. Tsopano, pazigawo zofunika kwambiri za PM, nthawi zambiri timatchula za kulowetsedwa kwa utomoni kapena kusindikiza machiritso asanayambe kupanga makina omaliza, omwe amawonjezera sitepe ndi mtengo.
Kufotokozera mwachidule kumeneku ndikothandiza kwambiri. Gulu lathu lopanga makina limapereka chiwongolero chachindunji kwa omwe timapanga komanso othandizana nawo akunja a PM. Adzati, Gawo ili la khoma lomwe lili pa sintered ndilosalimba kwambiri kuti mphamvu yotchingira ikufunika kuti ipangire mbali ina, kapena The as-cast surface apa ndi yabwino kuti amalize ndi hone yopepuka. Chidziwitso chothandizachi, chapamunsichi chimapanga malingaliro athu kwa makasitomala kuposa tchati chilichonse chosankha ma generic.
Kumaliza Popanda Mapeto
Ndiye izi zikutisiya kuti ufa zitsulo zigawo? Ndi chida champhamvu mu bokosi la zida zopangira, koma osati wrench yapadziko lonse lapansi. Kwa ife, zomwe zimagwira ntchito pamphambano za makina opangidwa ndi makina olondola, zimayimira njira yofananira yomwe timalemekeza ndi kugwirizana nayo nthawi zambiri. Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri za projekiti zimachitika pamene kusankha pakati pa PM ndi kuponya kumawonedwa ngati lingaliro lalikulu laukadaulo ndi zachuma, osati zongotengera zomwe zikuchitika.
Zimatsikira pakufunsa mafunso oyenera patsogolo: Kodi ndi mikhalidwe yotani yofunikira kwambiri? Kodi voliyumu yeniyeni yapachaka ndi chiyani, kuphatikizapo moyo? Kodi mtengo wa umwini ndi wotani, osati mtengo wa chidutswa chokha? Ndipo potsiriza, kodi muli ndi ogulitsa amene amamvetsetsa mphamvu ndi zofooka za maiko onse awiri, ndipo sakondera m'modzi chifukwa ndi zonse zomwe amachita?
Ndi momwe takhala tikuwonera zaka 30. Kaya ikupereka ndalama zovuta, zopangira ndalama zambiri zapampopi kapena kukonza zida za sintered zokulirapo mpaka pagalasi, mfundo yake ndi yofanana: fananizani zenizeni ndi zomwe gawoli likuchita m'mundamo. Zina zonse ndi phokoso chabe.
