Mukuwona 'MIM' ikugwedezeka kwambiri masiku ano, nthawi zambiri ngati mawu a 'zovuta, zotsika mtengo.' Ndilo lingaliro lolakwika loyamba. Simatsenga, ndipo ndithudi si nthawi zonse zotchipa. Nkhani yeniyeni ya zitsulo jekeseni akamaumba ndondomeko imayamba nthawi yayitali nkhungu isanatseke, muvutoli, gawo lovuta kwambiri lazakudya. Zolakwika, ndipo palibenso chilichonse.
Dance ya Feedstock: Zaluso Zambiri Kuposa Sayansi
Aliyense amalankhula za kuumba kapena sintering, koma mtima wa odalirika MIM ntchito ndi feedstock homogeneity. Sitikungosakaniza ufa wachitsulo ndi binder; tikupanga yunifolomu, yosakanikirana. Chiŵerengero ndi chirichonse. Zomangira zambiri? Mumakhala ndi kugwa komanso kupotoza panthawi ya debinding. Zochepa kwambiri? Simungathe kudzaza magawo owonda. Ndawonapo magulu ochokera kwa ogulitsa osiyanasiyana, ngakhale omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe omwewo, akuchita mosiyanasiyana. Sizokhudza ufa wa D50; ndikugawa kwa mawonekedwe a tinthu. Mafuta ozungulira kuchokera ku atomization ya gasi amayenda bwino, zedi, koma mawonekedwe ozungulirawa nthawi zina amatha kuvulaza kachulukidwe komaliza ngati simusamala ndi mbiri ya sintering.
Kumayambiriro, tinali ndi pulojekiti ya chida chaching'ono chopangira opaleshoni, gawo lomwe linali ndi gawo lomwe linachokera ku 2mm mpaka 0.5mm. Tidagwiritsa ntchito chakudya chokhazikika cha 316L. Ziwalozo zinkawoneka bwino kwambiri kuchokera mu nkhungu. Kenako anadza debinding catalytic. Zigawo zoonda zinango... zinasowa. Osasungunuka, koma amalephera mwadongosolo. Chiwopsezo chochotsa zomangira chinali champhamvu kwambiri pa kusiyana kwakukulu kumeneko. Kodi tikuphunzirapo chiyani? Kapangidwe kanu ka feedstock kuyenera kupangidwa osati kuzinthu zokha, koma ndi geometry ya gawolo. Kuphatikizika kwaumodzi-kokwanira-konse kwa ufa/zomangira ndi njira yowawitsa mtima. Mukufuna mnzanu yemwe amamvetsetsa izi pamlingo wa granular, wina ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.. Ndi zaka zambiri akuponya mwatsatanetsatane, amamvetsetsa kufunikira kwa khalidwe lakuthupi pansi pa kupsinjika kwa kutentha, malingaliro omwe amamasulira mwachindunji kuyang'anira MIM feedstock ndi sintering.
Ndipo dongosolo lomangira lokha-ndilo dziko lina lonse. Sera-polymer, sungunuka m'madzi, chothandizira - chilichonse chimasiya chala chake pagawo. Catalytic (pogwiritsa ntchito nitric acid vapor) imathamanga koma imatha kuwononga ma alloys ena. Thermal debinding ndi pang'onopang'ono koma modekha. Chisankho apa chimadalira ndondomeko yanu ya ng'anjo, kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka gawo lanu, ndi chilema chanu. Ndi chisankho choyambirira chomwe mumapanga musanapange chida.
Sintering: Kumene Matsenga (ndi Shrinkage) Amachitikadi
Iyi ndiye gawo lodzipangira kapena lopuma. Muli ndi 'gawo lanu labulauni'—losalimba, zonse zomangira ndi mafupa a ufa. Kuzungulira kwa ng'anjo ndi kumene kumakhala chitsulo. Kuchulukirako kumadziwikiratu, nthawi zambiri pafupifupi 15-20%, koma sikukhala isotropic mwangwiro. Gawo lalitali, lathyathyathya limatha kupindika ngati silinathandizidwe bwino pamaseta. Nthawi ina tinayendetsa gulu la mbale zolumikizira. Kulekerera kwapakati kunali kolimba pamabowo okwera. Ife kugunda theoretical sintered kachulukidwe, koma mabowo ovalized ndi ma microns ochepa. Chifukwa chiyani? Mpweya wa ng'anjo unali ndi kutsetsereka pang'ono. Zigawo za kumanzere kwa lamba zinawona kutentha kosiyana ndi zomwe zili kumanja.
Kulamulira mumlengalenga ndi chilichonse. Hydrogen, argon, vacuum, kapena ammonia wosweka. Pazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, mumafunika mpweya wochepetsera bwino kuti mukhale woyera popanda carburization. Kudontha kwakung'ono, kulowetsa mpweya pang'ono, ndipo mumapeza kagawo kakang'ono, konyezimira komwe kamakhala kolimba. Si nthawi zonse zimawonekera ndi maso. Tidakhala ndi magawo a 17-4 PH omwe adapitilira kuyang'ana kowoneka bwino komanso kuwunika koyambira. Koma m’magwiritsidwe ntchito, anali kulephera chifukwa cha kutopa. Metallography inawonetsa ma oxide inclusions m'malire a tirigu - mawonekedwe a mpweya panthawi yovuta kwambiri ya sintering.
Apa ndi pamene zokumana nazo za foundry zimawonetsa. Kampani ngati QSY, yomwe yakhala ikugwira ntchito kwa zaka zopitilira 30 mu zipolopolo ndi zopangira ndalama zokhala ndi ma alloys kuyambira zitsulo wamba kupita ku ma superalloys opangidwa ndi faifi tambala, imamvetsetsa kutenthedwa kwamafuta m'mafupa awo. Chidziwitso chimenecho cha momwe ma alloys apadera amachitira kutentha kwambiri, momwe angayendetsere mpweya kuti apewe kuipitsidwa, amasamutsidwa mwachindunji komanso ofunika kwambiri zitsulo jekeseni akamaumba ndondomeko. Amadziwa kuti kuimba sikungowotcha chabe; ndi kusintha kolamulidwa.
Njira Yopangira Zida ndi Zochita Zachiwiri
Anthu amaganiza kuti MIM imachotsa makina. Icho chimachichepetsa icho. Mumafunikirabe ma ops achiwiri nthawi zonse. EDM pazinthu zomwe sizingawumbidwe, monga mafupipafupi kapena ngodya zamkati mwangwiro. Makina opepuka a CNC a malo ovuta osindikiza kapena ulusi. Nthawi zina, ntchito yopangira post-sinter kuti ifike pamlingo. Msampha ukupanga gawo la MIM ngati likhala gawo lomaliza lokhala ndi ukonde. Muyenera kupanga ndondomeko. Ma radiyo owolowa manja, makulidwe a khoma lofanana ngati kuli kotheka, ngodya zokokera—awa si malingaliro.
Ndikukumbukira chida cha gawo la nyumba ya kamera. Wopangayo ankafuna nsonga yokongola, yakuthwa yokongola. Zero radius. Tinayesera izo. Zodyetsa sizikanadzaza nthawi zonse, ndipo ngodya zimatha kugwedezeka panthawi ya ejection kapena kugwidwa ndi bulauni. Tinayenera kubwereranso, kuwonjezera utali wa 0.1mm. Zinali zosaoneka m'chinthu chomaliza koma zinapangitsa kuti gawolo likhale lopangidwa. The tooling palokha ndi chirombo china. Ndi zida zomangira jakisoni, motero zimafunika kupukutidwa, mpweya wabwino, khomo lolowera. Koma mukuzipasula ndi ufa wachitsulo. Kuvala pamakona ndi zitseko ndizokwera kuposa zapulasitiki. Muyenera kukonzekera kukonzekera kumeneko.
Ndipo iyi ndi synergy ndi wopereka utumiki wathunthu. Ngati muyang'ana luso la QSY, amalemba makina a CNC pamodzi ndi luso lawo loponya. Ndilo fungulo. Atha kutenga gawo la sintered MIM ndi m'nyumba, kukonza malo ovuta kwambiri kapena kubowola dzenje lomwe silingathe kuwumba. Kuphatikizika koyima kumeneko kumawongolera ubwino ndi mtengo. Simukutumiza gawo losalimba la sintered kumalo ogulitsira makina ena, zomwe zingawononge kuwonongeka.
Zowona Zakuthupi: Sizongopanga Zopanda banga
Kabukuka ndi 316L, 17-4PH, chitsulo cha carbon carbon. Koma ntchito zosangalatsa zili muzinthu zachilendo. Tagwira ntchito ndi tungsten heavy alloys poyesa masikelo komanso mayesero ena ndi titaniyamu. Ti MIM ndizovuta zake zokha - mukulowa mu vacuum yayikulu, ndipo ufa ndi wokwera mtengo komanso wa pyrophoric kuti mugwire. Phindu lake ndizovuta, zopepuka za biomedical implants. Koma mlingo wa zokolola ... ndiye vuto.
Izi zimagwirizana bwino ndi mbiri yazinthu za akatswiri ngati zomwe tazitchula kale. Zomwe akumana nazo ndi cobalt-based and nickel-based alloys popanga ndalama ndizothandiza kwambiri. Ma aloyiwa ali ndi ma sintering quirks awo - sintering yamadzimadzi, activated sintering-ndipo kudziwa zitsulo zawo zonse kuchokera munjira ina kumapereka chiyambi. The zitsulo jekeseni akamaumba ndondomeko pakuti chigawo cha superalloy sichimangokhala chosiyana; ndi nzeru zosiyana kotheratu za densification ndi microstructure chitukuko.
Simungathenso kunyalanyaza ma aloyi ofewa a maginito, monga Fe-Si kapena Fe-Ni. Sintering izi kuti mukwaniritse kachulukidwe kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe oyenera a maginito ndikuyenda pazingwe zolimba. Kutentha kwambiri, mumataya katundu; otsika kwambiri, muli ndi porosity. Ndi ntchito za niche izi pomwe MIM imawaliradi, osati kupanga zida zina zamagetsi zomwe zitha kusindikizidwa.
Pamene MIM Si Yankho
Ichi chikhoza kukhala gawo lofunika kwambiri. MIM ndiyabwino kwambiri pamagawo apamwamba, ma geometry ovuta, olekerera pang'ono. Koma ngati gawo lanu ndi losavuta - chotengera choyambira, ndodo yowongoka - pitani ndi makina kapena masitampu. Ngati mukufuna kulimba kwamphamvu kopitilira muyeso kapena kulimba ngati kuponyedwa, yang'anani pakupanga ndalama. Ngati mukufuna chojambula chamtundu umodzi, kusindikiza kwachitsulo kwa 3D kungakhale bwinoko, ngakhale kutha kwapamwamba.
Kuphatikizika komwe kuli ndi kuyika ndalama kumakhala kosangalatsa kwambiri. Pazigawo zazikulu (titi, kupitirira 100-150 magalamu) kapena zigawo zomwe sizikusowa porosity m'gawo lovuta, kuyika ndalama koyendetsedwa bwino kungakhale kodalirika komanso kotsika mtengo. Kampani yomwe imapereka zonsezi, monga QSY, ikhoza kukupatsani malingaliro osakondera. Iwo sakuyesera kukakamiza njira; atha kuyang'ana zomwe mwasindikiza ndikuti, Pagawoli ndi voliyumu iyi, MIM idzakupulumutsirani 30% pa mtengo wagawo, kapena Khomo lamkatili ndilozama kwambiri, tiyeni tiwone kuponya nkhungu m'malo mwake.
Tinaphunzira izi movutikira. Wogula amaumirira pa MIM pa bulaketi yayikulu, yosavuta. Chidacho chinali chachikulu komanso chokwera mtengo, kupotoza kwa sintering kunali nkhondo, ndipo mtengo wake unali wapamwamba kuposa njira ina yopangira. Tinayenera kukankhira mmbuyo. Njirayi ndi chida, osati chipembedzo. Kukongola kwake kuli pamalo ake enieni okoma: kutenga zida zambiri zamakina ndikuziphatikiza kukhala chitsulo chimodzi, chodetsedwa, chokonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito chomwe chimatuluka mung'anjo chowoneka ngati chakula, chosapangidwa. Zikagwira ntchito, ndiukadaulo waluso. Akakakamizidwa, ndizovuta chabe.
