Mukamva 'cobalt alloy', kuyanjana komweko nthawi zambiri kumakhala kuuma kwambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri. Izi sizolakwika, koma ndi poyambira zomwe zimayang'ana zovuta zenizeni, zopanda pake zogwirira ntchito nazo. Makampani nthawi zina amawatenga ngati chipolopolo chamatsenga, njira yochepetsera kutentha kapena kutentha. Muzochitika zanga, malingaliro amenewo amatsogolera ku zolephera zamtengo wapatali. Chowonadi ndi chakuti, machitidwe ake amalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi kapangidwe kake ndipo, mozama, njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochipanga. Sizinthu chabe; ndi mgwirizano pakati pa chemistry ndi luso.
The Foundry Floor Reality
Tiye tikambirane kuponya. Ndi cobalt aloyi, makamaka magiredi okwera mu chromium ndi tungsten ngati Stellite 6 kapena 21, kutentha kothira ndi kuvina m'mphepete mwa mpeni. Kuzizira kwambiri, ndipo mumapeza zotsekera zoziziritsa komanso zosakwanira kudzaza zigawo zoonda. Kutentha kwambiri, ndipo mumayika pachiwopsezo chakukula kwambewu ndi kugawikana kwa carbide, zomwe zimawononga kwambiri zomwe mukulipira. Ndawonapo magawo akutuluka mu nkhungu akuwoneka bwino, koma kulephera msanga muutumiki chifukwa kusungunula kunazimitsidwa ndi madigiri angapo kapena kuzizira sikunayendetsedwe. Ndizinthu zomwe zimalanga kuyerekezera.
Apa ndipamene makolo a foundry amafunikira. Sitolo yomwe idangothiridwapo chitsulo chonyezimira ivuta. Mufunika kusungunuka kwa mpweya woyendetsedwa bwino, nthawi zambiri argon kapena vacuum, kuti muteteze makutidwe ndi okosijeni a zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito ngati chromium. Ndikukumbukira projekiti ina zaka zapitazo pomwe tidapeza oponya cobalt aloyi turbine zisindikizo kuchokera ku generalist foundry. Zolemba zazikuluzikulu zidakwaniritsidwa, koma pakuyesa, zidawonetsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni oopsa pa kutentha. Wolakwa? Kutengera kwa chotengera cha okosijeni pakutsanuliridwa komwe kudapanga ma brittle oxides pamalire ambewu. Gawolo linaponyedwa mwaukadaulo, koma limagwira ntchito mopanda ntchito.
Izi zimagwirizana ndi zomwe mukuwona kuchokera kwa akatswiri omwe akhala ndi zida izi. Tengani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Kuyang'ana kwawo kwazaka khumi pa zipolopolo ndi kuyika ndalama kwa ma aloyi apadera sikungotengera malonda. Za a cobalt-based alloy, dongosolo la nkhungu za zipolopolo (zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala za ceramic zochokera ku zirconia) ndi njira yolondola yochotsera sera ndi kuwombera ndi mbali ya microstructure yomaliza. Kulondola izo mosasinthasintha ndiko kusiyana pakati pa chigawo chimodzi ndi pepala lolemera. Webusaiti yawo, https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, imafotokoza zambiri za ntchito yawo ndi ma alloys awa, ndipo ndikusonkhanitsa kwa chidziwitso chodziwika bwino chomwe chimatanthauzira kuthekera, osati mndandanda wa mayina azinthu.
Machining: Kumene Chiphunzitso Chimakumana ndi Chida
Ngati kuponya ndi kubadwa kosakhwima, kukonza ndi nkhondo yolamulidwa. Chizoloŵezi choumitsa ntchito cha ambiri mankhwala a cobalt ndi nthano. Simungayandikire ngati makina opangira zitsulo. Chida chosawoneka bwino pang'ono, kuchuluka kwa chakudya kolakwika, ndipo mwaumitsa nthawi yomweyo pamwamba, ndikupangitsa kuti chiphaso chotsatiracho chitha zosatheka ndikuchotsa choyikapo chanu cha carbide. Nsaluyo iyenera kukhala yotentha, yonyezimira, yosalekeza. Ngati mukupeza fumbi kapena tchipisi tating'ono, mukutaya kale.
Kupanga ndi chilichonse. Kukhazikika sikungakambirane. Kulankhula kulikonse kapena kupatuka kungayambitse chida kulephera nthawi yomweyo. Tidaphunzira izi movutikira poyesa kuyika mbiri yovuta pampando wa Stellite. Tidagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yokhazikika ya CNC yachitsulo, kungochepetsa liwiro ndi chakudya. Zinali tsoka. Chidacho chinatenga mphindi zingapo, ndipo mapeto ake adang'ambika. Yankho lake silinali kungothamanga pang'onopang'ono; chinali kuganizanso kotheratu: ma geometries apadera (zabwino kwambiri, m'mbali zakuthwa), choziziritsa kukhosi chokwera kwambiri cholunjika pamphepete kuti chizitha kutentha ndi kuswa tchipisi, ndi njira zogaya trochoidal kuti chinkhoswe chisasinthe. Ndi njira yochepetsera yomwe imafuna chidziwitso chowonjezera.
Uwu ndiye mtengo wa masitolo ophatikizika. Malo omwe amapereka makina opangira ndi CNC pansi pa denga limodzi, monga QSY, ali ndi mwayi wowonekera cobalt aloyi magawo. Opanga makinawo sakuwona chodabwitsa, chopanda kanthu chikufika pakhomo pawo. Nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa kuchokera pagawo lachitsanzo, kumvetsetsa kupsinjika kotsalira kwa gawolo kuchokera pakuponya, madera olimba omwe amayembekezeredwa, komanso zomwe zingaphatikizidwe. Kupitilira uku kumathandizira kukhathamiritsa kwazinthu zomwe sizingatheke pamene kuponyera ndi makina akupangidwa ndi siloed. Kubwereza kwa mayankho ndikolunjika: katswiri wamakina amapeza malo olimba mosayembekezereka ndipo amatha kubwerera kumalo oyambira kukambilana za kuthira kapena kutentha kwa batch.
Msampha wa Alloy Choice
Osati zonse mankhwala a cobalt adapangidwa mofanana, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kumawonetsa giredi m'njira zomwe sizimawonekera nthawi zonse. Stellite 6 ndiye kavalo wolimbikira pakukana kuvala wamba. Stellite 12 imapereka zinthu zambiri za carbide pamavalidwe owopsa kwambiri. Koma ndiye muli ndi magiredi ngati Haynes 25 (L-605) kapena 188, amene lakonzedwa kwambiri kwa mkulu-kutentha mphamvu ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni kukana mu mlengalenga, ndi Machining osiyana ndi kuwotcherera makhalidwe. Kutchula zolakwika ndi kulakwitsa kwakukulu.
Ndikukumbukira nkhani yomwe kasitomala anaumirira kuti agwiritse ntchito Stellite 6 pampando wa valve wotentha kwambiri chifukwa anali ndi katundu wake. Sizinayende bwino, ndikuvutika ndi kuvala kwa okosijeni komanso kupunduka pang'ono. Nkhani sinali khalidwe la zinthu; linali chabe banja lolakwika la alloy la kuphatikiza kutentha ndi mpweya. Tinasinthira ku alloy yopangidwa ndi faifi tambala yokhala ndi aluminium oxide-forming element, yomwe idathetsa vutoli. Kodi tikuphunzirapo chiyani? Ma alloys opangidwa ndi cobalt si njira ya monolithic yotentha komanso yovuta. Matrix awo (kaya ali ndi cobalt kapena ovuta kwambiri) ndi mawonekedwe a carbide amatanthauzira niche yawo.
Apa ndipamene kuchuluka kwa zinthu za ogulitsa kumakhala kovuta. Kampani yomwe imalemba ma aloyi opangidwa ndi cobalt, ma aloyi opangidwa ndi faifi tambala, ndi zina zotere zikuwonetsa kumvetsetsa kuti kusankha kwazinthu ndi lingaliro loyambira laukadaulo. Sakungokankhira zomwe ali nazo; ali okonzeka kukambirana ngati cobalt alloy ndi yankho lolondola, kapena ngati superalloy ina ingachite bwino. Njira yolumikizirana imeneyi imabadwa chifukwa chowona kupambana ndi kulephera pamapulogalamu onse.
Kuwotcherera ndi Kukonza: Luso la zotheka
Kukonzekera kapena kumanga kwatha cobalt aloyi zigawo kudzera kuwotcherera ndi dziko lake lapadera. Nthawi zambiri ndiyo njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri yotalikitsira moyo wa gawo lalikulu, lokwera mtengo ngati tsamba la turbine kapena screw extrusion. Koma zadzala ndi mbuna. Mdani wamkulu ndikusweka, mwina kusweka kotentha panthawi yolimba kapena kusweka mtima chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu komweko.
Mchitidwe wokhazikika ndikugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zofananira zodzaza zitsulo, koma ngakhale zitatero, kutentha kwa preheat ndi interpass ndikofunikira kwambiri. Mukupanga dziwe laling'ono, loyendetsedwa bwino. Mofulumira kwambiri, ndipo mumatsekereza kupsinjika. Kuchedwa kwambiri, ndipo malo omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha amakhala aakulu kwambiri, zomwe zingathe kusintha zitsulo zoyambira. Ndakhala maola ambiri ndikukonza chowotcherera chowotcherera chakufa chachikulu, ndikungomva phokoso lowopsa la mng'alu ukupangika pomwe ukuzirala, kungoti tinalumpha chithandizo chapang'onopang'ono, choyendetsedwa ndi kutentha pambuyo pa bulangeti lotsekera.
Kukonzekera bwino nthawi zambiri kumabwera chifukwa cha chidziwitso cha mafuko. Zowotchera zabwino kwambiri zimadziwikiratu kuti chithaphwi ndi mtundu wake. Izi sizinthu zomwe mumapeza kuchokera ku database. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ntchito zomwe zakhala zikuchitika kwa nthawi yayitali zimapanga chidziwitso chotere. Kampani ngati QSY ikatchula zaka 30 popanga ndi kupanga makina, nthawiyi ikutanthauza kuti awonanso ndipo mwina achita gawo lawo lokonzanso ndi kukonzanso zinthu zachinyengozi, ndikusonkhanitsa malamulo osavuta, osalembedwa omwe amayendetsa bwino.
Kuyang'ana Mapangidwe a Njere
Pamapeto pake, kukhulupirira a cobalt aloyi chigawo chimatanthauza kudalira microstructure yake. Satifiketi yogwirizana ndi chemistry ndi tsamba loyamba la nkhaniyi. Nkhani yeniyeni imalembedwa mu kukula kwa tirigu, kagawidwe ndi kapangidwe ka carbides, ndi kusakhalapo kwa zolakwika. Muyenera kuyang'ana pa izo. Ma macro-etch amatha kuwulula zovuta zothira, kuchepa, kapena kutsekeka kozizira. Ma microscope pa 100x kapena 500x amakuuzani ngati ma carbides olimba, osamva kuvala amamwazika mofanana kapena aphatikizidwa mumanetiweki osalimba.
Uku ndiye cheke chomaliza, chosakanjanitsika. Takana magulu omwe adapambana macheke onse amthupi ndi makemikolo chifukwa zojambula zazitsulo zimawonetsa tsankho lalikulu la dendritic. Gawolo likadavala mosagwirizana ndikulephera mwachangu. Kuwunika uku ndi gawo la phukusi mukamagwira ntchito ndi ogulitsa kwambiri. Ndiko kusiyana pakati pa kugula zinthu ndi kugula chitsimikizo cha ntchito. Kachulukidwe, kumveka bwino, mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono - izi ndizomwe zimachitika pazowongolera zonse zomwe zidakambidwa kale.
Choncho, pofufuza gwero, yang'anani umboni wa ulamuliro wonsewu. Kodi angapereke osati kungojambula, koma nkhani ya kumbuyo kwake? Kodi angakambirane zokhotakhota zochizira kutentha, mitengo yozizirira, ndi zolinga zazing'ono? Kutha kutero, kobadwa kuchokera kuzaka zambiri zomwe zimawonedwa ndi mabungwe monga Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology, ndizomwe zimalekanitsa wogulitsa magawo ndi mnzake weniweni wopanga cobalt aloyi mapulogalamu. Zomwe zimapangidwira zimangofanana ndi momwe zimapangidwira, kuchokera kumadzi kupita ku gawo lomaliza.
