Tiye tikambirane mchenga kuponyera chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Anthu ambiri amamva chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndipo nthawi yomweyo amaganiza zolondola, kuganiza zopanga ndalama, kuganiza zomaliza. Kuponya mchenga kumayikidwa pambali ngati msuweni waukali, wauve. Ndiko kulakwitsa. Ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yamitundu yambiri, koma muyenera kudziwa chilankhulo chake. Kapangidwe ka zitseko, kapangidwe ka mchenga—makamaka aloyi—ndi chilombo chosiyana ndi chitsulo chotuwira. Simungangothira 304 mu nkhungu ya mchenga wobiriwira wopangidwira zovundikira mabowo ndikuyembekezera matsenga. The fluidity ndi yosiyana, shrinkage ndi mwaukali, ndipo ngati kuzizira molakwika, inu kutsekeka mu kupsyinjika kapena kuipiraipira, kupanga misozi yotentha kwambiri kuonekera pambuyo makina. Ine ndaziwona izo zikuchitika. Wofuna chithandizo kamodzi anaumirira pa thupi lalikulu, lovuta la valve kudzera mu mchenga, motsutsana ndi uphungu. Chotsatira? Kuponya kowoneka bwino komwe kunasweka pansi pa kupsinjika kwake komwe kumatenthedwa panthawi yozizirira. Zinkawoneka bwino pamtunda, koma zinali zopanda pake. Ndicho chinthu chomwe chili ndi mchenga wosasunthika: malire a zolakwika pamapangidwe ake ndi ochepa.
Kusalingana kwa Zinthu Zakuthupi
Nanga n’cifukwa ciani pali kukondela? Ndikuganiza kuti zimatsikira kumaliza komanso kulondola. Kupanga ndalama, kupanga zipolopolo - zimakupatsirani magawo owoneka ngati ukonde, nthawi zina okonzekera kusonkhana ndi ntchito yochepa. Kuponyera mchenga kumakupatsani chopanda kanthu, nthawi zambiri chokhala ndi ndalama zomaliza. Kwa zigawo zambiri zamphamvu, zing'onozing'ono zopanda banga, ndizowononga. Mukulipira kuti makina achotse zinthu zambiri zodula. Koma kumene kuponyedwa kwa mchenga kumawala ndi chimodzi, ma prototypes, magawo otsika kwambiri. Ganizirani za nyumba zopopera, ma turbine casings, ma impellers akulu, kapena zinthu zomanga. Tikulankhula zidutswa zomwe zimatha kulemera kuyambira 50kg mpaka matani angapo. Kuyesa kupanga chimango cha 500kg pamakina akumafakitale pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama ndizopenga. Mchenga ndiyo njira yokhayo yothandiza.
Chinsinsi ndicho kusamalira zoyembekeza. Pamwamba pake padzakhala mawonekedwe a gritty. Kulekerera kwapang'onopang'ono ndikokulirapo, lingalirani ± 2mm pamlingo wa 500mm ngati chiwongolero chovuta, kutengera luso la oyambitsa. Mukupanga zogwirira ntchito poyamba, osati zokongoletsa. Ndipo, muyenera, muyenera kukhala ndi maziko oyambira. Mapangidwe amtundu ndi chilichonse. Ma angles, ma shrinkage allowance-popanda zosapanga dzimbiri, timakonda kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo la opanga ma pattern kuzungulira 2.1% mpaka 2.4%, koma zimasiyana ndi kalasi. A 316L idzachita mosiyana ndi CF8M (yofanana nayo) panthawi yolimba. Ngati mutumiza chitsanzo cha CAD chomalizidwa ku sitolo ndikuti pangani izi, popanda kukambirana, mukupempha zovuta.
Apa ndipamene zokumana nazo kuchokera ku shopu zomwe zagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zamtengo wapatali. Tengani kampani ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.. Mutha kupeza ntchito zawo https://www.tsingtaocnc.com. Pazaka zopitilira 30 akupanga ndi kupanga, awona zonse - nkhungu za zipolopolo, ndalama, inde, kuponya mchenga kudutsa zida. Chidziwitso chophatikizana chimenecho ndichofunikira. Sakanangoyang’ana chodinda chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi kuchikakamizika kukhala nkhungu yamchenga. Iwo amawunika geometry, kukhulupirika kofunikira, kuchuluka kwake, ndikupangira njira yabwino kwambiri mwaukadaulo komanso mwachuma. Nthawi zina yankho ndi mchenga kuponyedwa mawonekedwe ankhanza ndiyeno kupezerapo mwayi m'nyumba CNC Machining kugunda tolerances zolimba pa bore kapena nkhope zovuta. Njira yophatikizika imeneyo ndi momwe mumapangira mchenga kuponyera chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ntchito modalirika.
The Nitty-Gritty: Kupeza, Kudyetsa, ndi Mchenga Wokha
Chabwino, tiyeni tilowe mu udzu. Kuthira zosapanga dzimbiri, makamaka magiredi austenitic ngati 304/316, sikuli ngati kuthira chitsulo cha carbon. Ndi lalifupi—lochepa madzimadzi. Imalimba mofulumira pamtundu uliwonse, kupanga malo a mushy. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kutsika porosity ngati sizikudyetsedwa bwino. Mapangidwe anu okwera ndi ofunika kwambiri. Ziyenera kukhala zazikulu, zoyikidwa bwino kwambiri, ndikukhala zotentha kwambiri kuposa momwe munazolowera. Kuzizira ndi bwenzi lanu kukakamiza kulimbitsa mayendedwe. Nthawi zambiri timagwiritsa ntchito kuziziritsa kwachitsulo kapena mkuwa komwe kumayikidwa pazigawo zokhuthala kuti titenthe kutentha, kupangitsa chitsulocho kulimba pokwera.
Ndiye pali mchenga. Mchenga wa silika ndiwofala, koma wopanda banga, nthawi zambiri mumawona mchenga wa zircon kapena wa chromite womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pazosanjikiza. Chifukwa chiyani? Apamwamba matenthedwe madutsidwe. Imakoka kutentha kuchokera kuchitsulo mofulumira, kulimbikitsa kapangidwe kambewu kakang'ono komanso kolimba, kolimba pamwamba pa kuponyera. Ndiwokwera mtengo, koma pazigawo zovuta, sizingakambirane. Dongosolo la binder likufunikanso. Mchenga womangidwa ndi mankhwala (monga furan kapena phenolic urethane) ndiwofanana ndi wosapanga. Amakupatsani zisankho zolimba, kukhazikika kwabwinoko, ndipo mutha kupanga ma cores ovuta kwambiri. Greensand itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawonekedwe osavuta, koma zolakwika zokhudzana ndi chinyezi monga mabowo a mpweya kapena zobowola ndi chiopsezo chenicheni ndi kutentha kwapamwamba kosapanga dzimbiri (kuzungulira °C kwa 304).
Mutu wothandiza? Kuwotcha. Kumene chitsulo chosungunuka chimalumikizana pang'ono ndi njere za mchenga pamtunda. Ndizovuta kuchotsa, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimafuna kugaya mwaukali kapena kuwomberedwa, zomwe zimatha kulimbitsa pamwamba. Nthawi zambiri ndi chizindikiro chosakonzekera bwino mchenga kapena mchenga wolakwika. Mumaphunzira kuzindikira mikhalidwe yomwe imawuyambitsa—mchenga wabwino kwambiri, wosatuluka mpweya wokwanira, kutentha kwachitsulo kokwera kwambiri. Ndi imodzi mwazinthu zabwino zomwe zimasiyanitsa maziko abwino ndi abwino.
Pambuyo Poyimba: Ntchito Yeniyeni Nthawi zambiri Imayamba
Nachi cheke china chowona. Pamene kuponya kumatuluka mu shakeout, ntchito yanu mwina yatha theka. Muyenera kudula zipata ndi zokwera, zomwe pa zosapanga dzimbiri zimakhala zolimba. Plasma arc kapena kudula abrasive ndi muyezo. Ndiye pali kutentha mankhwala. Zida zambiri zosapanga dzimbiri zamchenga zimafunikira njira yothetsera annealing. Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenthetsa mozungulira °C, kugwira, kenako kuzimitsa mwachangu m'madzi kapena mpweya. Izi zimasungunula ma chromium carbides aliwonse omwe amapangidwa pozizira pang'onopang'ono mu nkhungu (zomwe zingayambitse kukhudzidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa dzimbiri) ndikuchepetsa kupsinjika kwamkati. Kudumpha sitepe iyi ndi vuto lodziwika bwino, lowopsa kwambiri pazigawo zomwe zimapangidwira kuti ziwonongeke.
Pambuyo pa kutentha, nthawi zambiri mumapeza zosokoneza. Zotupa zotupa. Zatsala pang'ono kutsimikiziridwa. Ndichifukwa chake mumasiya ndalama zowolowa manja zamachining. Apa ndipamene mgwirizano ndi malo ogulitsa makina ndizofunikira. Kampani yomwe imapanga komanso kupanga makina, monga QSY, ili ndi mwayi waukulu. Amadziwa momwe gawolo lingasunthire pochiza kutentha, amadziwa komwe angasiyire katundu wowonjezera, ndipo amatha kuyikonza bwino kuti ipange makina. Kuyesera kuponya mchenga wokhotakhota kuti ukhale mu CNC vise pamalo ogulitsira makina osagwirizana ndi njira yochotsera magawo ndi mikangano.
NDT ndi sitepe ina yovuta, ndipo nthawi zambiri imachepetsedwa. Pazigawo zokhala ndi zokakamiza, kuyesa kwa radiographic (RT) kapena kuyesa kwa ultrasonic (UT) kumatchulidwa. Koma pazigawo zambiri zamafakitale, kuyezetsa bwino kwa utoto (PT) ndikocheperako kuti muwone ming'alu kapena porosity. Zipata ndi malo olumikizirana okwera ndi malo oyamba oyambitsa crack. Inu akupera iwo flush, ndiye PT. Sindingathe kuwerengera kangati kuponyedwa kowoneka bwino komwe kunawonetsa kung'ambika kwa tsitsi pakhosi lokwera pambuyo pa PT. Ndi sitepe yofunikira, yodzichepetsa.
Nthawi Yoyenera Kuisankha: Mtengo Wachisankho cha Pragmatic
Ndiye, ndi liti pamene mumakoka chowombera pamchenga kuti mukhale wosapanga? Tiyeni tikhale pragmatic. Choyamba, kukula ndi kulemera. Ngati zapitirira 100kg ndipo zocheperako (titi, pansi pa zidutswa 50), kuponya mchenga ndikovuta kwambiri. Chachiwiri, geometry. Kodi ndiyotsegula? Kodi mungakokemo mawonekedwe opanda mamiliyoni ovuta, osalimba? Ndime zovuta zamkati zimatha kukukakamizani ku chipolopolo kapena ndalama, ngakhale gawo lalikulu. Chachitatu, kutsutsa ndi chiyani? Kodi ndi bollard yokongoletsera kapena thupi la valve yothamanga kwambiri? Kuwongolera kwamtundu, mtundu wa mchenga, ndi mulingo wa NDT zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimakhudza mtengo.
Chachinai, ndipo ichi ndi chachikulu: nthawi yotsogolera ndi mtengo wa chitsanzo. Kwa nthawi imodzi, kumanga matabwa athunthu kapena urethane ndi okwera mtengo komanso kuwononga nthawi. Apa ndipamene njira zamakono monga nkhungu zamchenga zosindikizidwa za 3D zimalowera. Sindikizani nkhungu ndi pachimake mwachindunji kuchokera ku CAD. Ndiwosintha masewera kwa ma prototypes ndi zovuta zina. Mtengo wa unit ndi wokwera, koma mtengo wokhazikitsa ndi nthawi zimachepetsedwa. Ndikuganiza kuti oganiza zamtsogolo akuphatikiza izi. Sitolo yokhala ndi malingaliro ochulukirapo amakampani, monga QSY, yomwe imachita njira zosiyanasiyana zoponyera ndi CNC, ili ndi mwayi wopereka upangiri ngati kupanga mapangidwe achikhalidwe kapena kusindikiza kwachindunji kumakhala komveka. mchenga kuponyera chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri polojekiti.
Pomaliza, lingalirani za unyolo wonse wamtengo wapatali. Kodi mukungogula zoponya, kapena mukufuna chomaliza, chopangidwa ndi makina? Ngati zili zomalizira, kufunafuna kuchokera kwa wothandizira m'modzi yemwe amawongolera kuponyera, kutentha, ndi kupanga makina amachepetsa mutu, kuloza zala zabwino, ndipo nthawi zambiri mtengo wake wonse. Kuphatikizika kwa mautumiki ndi mwayi waukulu wopanga mchenga wosapanga dzimbiri kuti ugwire ntchito yomaliza, osati kungosowa kanthu.
Malingaliro Omaliza: Ndi Chida, Osati Chosakhazikika
Onani, mchenga kuponyera chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri sizokongola. Izo sizingakupatseni galasi lomaliza la kutayika kwa sera. Zimafuna kulemekeza ndondomekoyi, mgwirizano wozama pakati pa wopanga ndi woyambitsa, komanso kumvetsetsa kuti mtengo wotsiriza wa gawolo ndi khalidwe lake lidzatsimikiziridwa mu magawo a makina ndi omaliza. Ndi njira yopangira maziko, yabwino kwambiri popanga mafupa olemera, opangidwa ndi zida.
Chotengeracho sichiyenera kukhala kuchipewa, koma kuchita nawo mwanzeru. Gwirizanani ndi zoyambira zomwe zatsimikiziridwa ndi aloyi, funsani kuti muwone ntchito yofananira, kumvetsetsa kuthekera kwawo pamapangidwe a gating ndi kachitidwe ka mchenga. Ndipo lingalirani mwamphamvu ogulitsa omwe amapereka njira yophatikizika kuchokera ku nkhungu kupita ku gawo lomaliza. Imachotsa ntchito pachiwopsezo kwambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito moyenera, ndikuwongolera njira yoyenera, gawo la mchenga lopanda zitsulo ndi lolimba kwambiri komanso lopanda mtengo. Ndi kusankha chida choyenera pantchitoyo, osati kukakamiza gawo lililonse lopanda banga kuti likhale lolondola kwambiri komanso lokwera mtengo kwambiri.
