Mukanena kuti 'kuponya mchenga', anthu ambiri amajambula filimu yakuda ndi yoyera yomwe ili pamtunda, moto ukuwuluka, amuna akumafosholo mchenga. Izo sizolakwika, koma ndi nsonga ya madzi oundana. Nkhani yeniyeni ili mwatsatanetsatane - kulolerana, kuthetsa mavuto, kufalikira kwa zomwe ndondomekoyi ingathe kuchita ndi zomwe sizingatheke. Sikungopanga nkhungu mumchenga; ndi za kuyang'anira kuvina kwachisokonezo kwa kutentha, chemistry, ndi physics kuti mupeze gawo lothandizira. Zolemba zambiri zimabwera ndikuponyera mchenga kumaganiziridwa ngati njira yotsika mtengo, yosavuta pachilichonse. Ndi njira yofulumira yowotcha ndalama ndi nthawi. Tiyeni tikambirane za komwe kumawala, komwe kumagwera pansi, ndi zomwe muyenera kudziwa musanachite.
Pachiyambi Chake: Mchenga Wobiriwira vs. No-Bake, ndi Chifukwa Chiyani Imafunika
Ngati simuli mkati mozama, mungaganize kuti mchenga ndi mchenga chabe. Ndiko kugawanika kwakukulu koyamba. Kuponya mchenga wobiriwira-apamwamba - amagwiritsa ntchito mchenga wonyowa, womangidwa ndi dongo. Ndi yachangu, yogwiritsidwanso ntchito, komanso yotsika mtengo pa zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira. Koma 'wobiriwira' amatanthauza chinyezi, osati kugwirizana ndi chilengedwe. Kulondola kwa dimensional? Tiyeni tizitcha 'kukhululuka'. Mumamaliza bwino pakuponya, koma mukukumananso ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi chinyezi ngati mchenga suwunikidwa bwino. Mabowo a gasi, kutupa - ndi nkhondo yokhazikika yokhazikika.
Ndiye muli ndi osaphika mchenga machitidwe. Mchenga wopangidwa ndi utomoni. Izi zimakupatsirani nkhungu yokhazikika kwambiri, yolondola bwino, komanso kumaliza kwapamwamba. Kusinthanitsa? Mtengo pa nkhungu ndi wokwera, ndipo kubwezeretsa mchenga kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Simusankha pakati pawo potengera buku; mumasankha kutengera gawo la geometry, aloyi, ndi mulingo wofunikira. Kwa chitsulo chotuwira chosavuta, mchenga wobiriwira mwina ndi wabwino. Pachigawo chachitsulo chochepa kwambiri chomwe makina opangira makina amafunikira, mwina mukuyang'ana njira yosaphika, mwinanso wosakanizidwa ngati chipolopolo cha QSY chimachitira, ngakhale ndi chirombo china.
Ndimakumbukira ntchito yopangira nyumba yopopera, yapakati, muchitsulo cha ductile. Chojambulacho chinafuna kulolerana kolimba pa malo obowoleredwa. Tinaitchula ngati yosaphika. Wogulayo adakankhira mmbuyo, akufuna mtengo wotsika mtengo wa mchenga wobiriwira. Tinayesa chitsanzo chothamanga. Kusiyanasiyana kwa miyeso ya as-cast kunali ponseponse. Malo ogulitsira makinawo sanathe kukhala ndi malo chifukwa ndalama zogulira katundu sizinali zofanana. Tinamaliza kudya mtengo kuti tisinthe osaphika pakati pakupanga. Kodi tikuphunzirapo chiyani? Njira 'yotsika mtengo' ndiyotsika mtengo ngati isokoneza ntchito zanu zakumunsi. Uwu ndi mtundu wa calculus wothandiza womwe shopu ngati Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), ndi zaka makumi ambiri akupanga ndi kupanga, amachita mwachibadwa—amawona unyolo wonse, osati kuthira kokha.
Zosankha Zazida: Sizongokhudza Kusungunuka
Mutha kutaya pafupifupi chitsulo chilichonse chomwe chimatsanulira mu nkhungu yamchenga. Kuponyera chitsulo, zitsulo, zosapanga dzimbiri, bronzes, aluminiyamu. Kugwira ndi momwe zinthu zimakhalira ndi mchenga. Ma alloys otentha kwambiri, monga omwe ali ndi faifi tambala a QSY, amawonetsa zovuta zina. Kusintha kwa kutentha kumasiyana. Chitsulocho chimakhala chamadzimadzi kwautali, zomwe zingapangitse mchenga wochuluka kupsa ndi kulowa mkati, kuwononga pamwamba. Mungafunike mchenga kapena zokutira zapadera-zochokera ku zircon, nthawi zambiri-zomwe zimawonjezera mtengo ndi masitepe.
Kuponyera mchenga kwa aluminiyumu ndi dziko lake. Zimawoneka zosavuta chifukwa cha kutentha kwapansi, koma zimakhala zosavuta kuti ziwonjezeke komanso zowonongeka ngati gating ndi kukwera sikunapangidwe mwangwiro. Fluidity ndi yabwino, kotero imadzaza magawo owonda bwino, koma izi zikutanthauzanso kuti imafulumira kuwonetsa zolakwika zilizonse zokhudzana ndi chipwirikiti. Kwa aluminiyumu, mtundu wa mankhwala osungunula (degassing, kukonzanso tirigu) musanakhudze mchenga ndi 50% ya nkhondo. Chitsulo chomwe chimapanga aluminiyamu yambiri chidzakhala ndi kukhazikitsidwa kosiyana kotheratu ndi luso lapadera kusiyana ndi akatswiri opanga zitsulo.
Nthawi ina tinayesa ndi cobalt-based alloy pa mbale yovala. Aloyi yokhayo inali yovuta kwa gwero. Njira yopangira mchenga inali njira yokhayo yotheka chifukwa cha kukula kwa gawolo. Chinthu chachikulu chinali kung'ambika kwamphamvu. Kukhazikika kwa alloy ndi kudziletsa kwa nkhungu yamchenga kumapangitsa ming'alu nthawi zonse. Tinkayenera kukonzanso gawo la geometry kuti likhale ndi makulidwe a khoma lofanana, kuwonjezera zotchingira (zowonjezera) m'malo ena kuti zithe mtsogolo, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mchenga wosakanizika kwambiri. Zinagwira ntchito, koma zokolola zinali zoopsa. Idawonetsa kuti ndi ma alloys akunja, kuponya mchenga nthawi zambiri ndi kusagwirizana pakati pa ufulu wa geometric ndi kukhulupirika kwakuthupi.
Chitsanzo: Ndalama Yoyamba ndi Yovuta Kwambiri
Chilichonse chimayamba ndi chitsanzo. Wood, pulasitiki, zitsulo, kapena masiku ano, 3D-yosindikizidwa mchenga nkhungu mwachindunji. Mtengo wa chitsanzo ndi mtengo wanu woyamba kumira. Kwa fanizo kapena voliyumu yotsika kwambiri, thovu lopangidwa ndi makina (chithunzi chotsika mtengo) kapena nkhungu zamchenga zosindikizidwa za 3D ndizosintha masewera. Koma kuti mupange, mukufunikira chitsanzo chokhazikika. Mapeto pa chitsanzo amamasulira mwachindunji kumapeto kwa kuponyera. Kukanda kulikonse, kupanda ungwiro kulikonse, kumabwerezedwanso.
Ma angles okonzekera. Izi zikuwoneka ngati Foundry 101, koma mungadabwe kuti ndi akatswiri angati omwe amaiwala kuwonjezera zolemba zokwanira, kapena kuipitsitsa, kupanga zolakwika. Mumchenga wobiriwira, mumafunika kulemba zambiri chifukwa mukuyendetsa mchenga mozungulira - muyenera kuutulutsa bwino. Popanda kuphika, nthawi zina mumatha kusiya zochepa chifukwa nkhungu imachiritsidwa komanso yolimba. Theka la digiri likhoza kukhala kusiyana pakati pa chitsanzo chomwe chimakhala ndi nkhungu zikwi zambiri ndi chimodzi chomwe chimawonongeka pa kukoka kwa makumi asanu.
Chilolezo cha chitsanzo. Izi ndizochitika zenizeni. Mukuwonjezera zinthu zowonjezera (chilolezo cha makina) papatani kuti kutulutsa kumatuluka mokulirapo, kokonzekera makina a CNC. Koma zingati? Zimatengera kukula kwa gawo, aloyi (kutsika kwachulukidwe), komanso kusuntha kwa khoma la nkhungu. Popanga chitsulo chachikulu, mutha kuwonjezera 3-5mm pamtunda uliwonse. Zilakwitseni, ndipo mwina mumasiya katundu wambiri, kuwononga nthawi yokonza makina ndi moyo wa zida, kapena zochepa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto la 'khungu' pomwe chida sichingathe kuyeretsa malo oponyedwa. Apa ndipamene masitolo ophatikizidwa ali ndi mwayi waukulu. Kampani yomwe imachita zonsezi kuponya mchenga ndi CNC makina m'nyumba, monga QSY, amatha kukulitsa malipirowa potengera mbiri yawo yakale kuchokera kumashopu awo amakina, osati kungoganiza. Amatseka chipikacho.
Kukula ndi Kukula: Zojambula Zosaoneka
Uwu ndiye matsenga akuda a ntchito yoyambira. Ndi pamene sayansi imakumana ndi luso, ndipo nthawizina, pemphero. Njira zolowera zitsulo zomwe zimalowetsa chitsulo mu nkhungu ziyenera kudzaza nkhungu mofulumira koma mwakachetechete. Chipwirikiti ndi mdani; zimayambitsa oxide inclusions ndi kukokoloka kwa mchenga. Mukufuna kutuluka kwa laminar. Zokwera (kapena zodyetsa) ndi nkhokwe zazitsulo zotentha zomwe zimapatsa madzi kuponyedwa pamene zimalimba, kuteteza ming'oma ya shrinkage.
Pali mapulogalamu a izi tsopano, kulimbitsa kayeseleledwe, ndipo ndizofunika kwambiri. Koma akadali kalozera. Kuyesa kwenikweni ndikudula sampuli, 'kudula macheka', kuti muwone ngati zokwera zimagwira ntchito, ngati zitsulo zimadyetsedwa bwino. Ndawonapo mawonekedwe odzaza bwino akulephera kwenikweni chifukwa mvula yamchenga idazimitsidwa tsiku limenelo, kapena kutentha kothira kunali 20 digiri Celsius kutsika kuposa momwe adakonzera.
Kulephera kwakukulu kunali bulaketi yachitsulo yokhala ndi mipanda yokhuthala. Tinayika chokwera pamwamba, logic inati iyenera kugwira ntchito. Kuponyedwa kwadutsa kuyang'ana kowonekera. Pa X-ray? Mtsinje waukulu womwe uli mkatikati mwa gawo lokhuthala. Chokwera chinali chitazizira kwambiri; sichinakhale chamadzi nthawi yayitali kuti chidyetse malo otenthawo. Kukonzekera sikunali kokwera kokulirapo, koma kusintha mawonekedwe ake kukhala kapangidwe ka 'khosi-pansi' komwe kumakhala kotentha nthawi yayitali, ndikugwiritsa ntchito chokwera chokwera kwambiri kuti chiwongolere kutentha. Ndi zinthu zing'onozing'ono, zosasangalatsa izi—mitundu ya manja, kuzizira (zidutswa zachitsulo zoikidwa mumchenga kuti zitenthedwe), ndi kuika zosefera—zimene zimalekanitsa zidutswa za zidutswa za phokoso.
Zenizeni za Post-Cast: Kuyeretsa, Kumaliza, ndi Machining Handoff
Mbaliyo imatuluka mumchenga, ndipo ntchito yeniyeniyo imayamba. Kugwedeza, kudula zipata ndi zokwera (zipata nthawi zambiri zimachotsedwa ndi bandeji kapena chodulira chotchinga, zokwera zingafunike nyali yachitsulo), kuphulika kwa mfuti kuti kuyeretse pamwamba. Izi ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri zimamanyalanyazidwa pokonzekera. Geometry yovuta yokhala ndi ndime zamkati ndizovuta kuyeretsa. Mchenga watsekeredwa. Ngati mukupanga ma valavu, ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi mapangidwe abwino opangira zinthu, kapena muzikhala ndi maola ambiri ndi tchipisi ta pneumatic ndi ndodo.
Kumapeto kwa mchenga ndi, kunena zoona, zowawa. Ili ndi mawonekedwe ake. Kwa mapulogalamu ambiri, ndizabwino. Kwa ena, imafunika kuchotsedwa. Uwu ndiye ulalo wofunikira. Kuponyera kuyenera kupangidwa kuti kumangirire mu mphero ya CNC kapena lathe. Muyenera kupeza mapepala, malo opangidwa ndi makina okhazikitsidwa ngati ma datum. Ngati malo opangira zida ndi makina ndi zinthu zosiyana, izi zimadzaza ndi kuloza zala. Kuwerenga kwanu kwasinthidwa. Kusintha kwanu kwa makina ndikolakwika.
Njira yophatikizikayi ndi yomwe imapangitsa kuti wogulitsa azikonda Mtengo wa QSY wokakamiza. Iwo amatenga kuponyera kwaiwisi kuchokera pansi pa maziko awo, kupanga makina opangira zinthu mozungulira mitundu yodziwika yawo kuponya mchenga ndondomeko - kupotoza komwe kungatheke, malo enieni a mzere wolekanitsa, kupanikizika kotsalira - ndi makina ake. Amawongolera zosintha kuchokera kutsanulira kupita ku gawo lomaliza. Kwa mainjiniya omwe amapeza gawo, kupitiliza kumeneko kumachepetsa chiopsezo kwambiri. Sikuti mukungogula zowonera; Mukugula njira yoyendetsera yomwe yasinthidwa kwa zaka 30 kupanga magawo ofanana, kuchokera pakuwumba zipolopolo mpaka kuponya mchenga kwa unyinji ndi kukula, njira yonse mpaka ku gawo lomaliza la makina.
Ndiye, Mumasankha Liti Kuponya Mchenga?
Si yankho ku funso lililonse gawo zitsulo. Ndi pamene mukufuna zovuta za geometric zomwe sizingapangidwe mosavuta kapena kupangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu, koma simukufunikira kuwongolera bwino kwambiri pakuyika ndalama. Ndi zapakati mpaka zazikulu, kuyambira ma kilogalamu angapo mpaka matani ambiri. Ndi aloyi zomwe zimakhala zovuta kukonza njira zina. Ndi pamene mtengo wa zida zopangira ma die casting ndi wotsika kwambiri pa voliyumu yanu.
Ndi njira yoyendetsera kupanda ungwiro. Mumavomereza zolembedwa zina, zina zowonjezedwa, zina zaukali, posinthana ndi ufulu wamapangidwe komanso mtengo wotsika wa zida. Mfungulo ikugwira ntchito ndi maziko omwe amamvetsetsa malondawa pamlingo wamatumbo, omwe angatsogolere mapangidwe, ndipo ali ndi mphamvu zotsika pansi kuti apereke gawo lomaliza, osati kungoponya movutikira. Ndicho chenicheni chamakono cha ndondomeko yakaleyi. Sizokhudzanso mafosholo ndi ntchentche. Ndi za sayansi ya zinthu zophatikizika, uinjiniya, komanso chidziwitso chakuya, nthawi zina chokhumudwitsa, cha zomwe zimachitika chitsulo cha 1500-degree chikakumana ndi mchenga womangika.
Pamapeto pake, wopambana kuponya mchenga ndizochepa pakuchita chinthu chimodzi chokha komanso kukonza zonse zopanda ungwiro kuti zolakwika zawo zithe. Mumalinganiza kufooka kwa mchenga motsutsana ndi kuchepa kwachitsulo, mtengo wa chitsanzo motsutsana ndi gawo la gawolo, kuponyera kwachitsulo motsutsana ndi malipiro a makina. Pezani bwino, ndipo ikadali imodzi mwa njira zosunthika komanso zotsika mtengo zopangira gawo lachitsulo lomwe lilipo. Zilakwitse, ndipo mwatsala ndi pepala lokwera mtengo kwambiri.
