Mukamva 'chipolopolo choponyera zitsulo', ambiri amaganiza kuti ndi mtundu wina wa mchenga. Ndilo lingaliro lolakwika loyamba. Ndi chilombo chodziwika bwino, chokhala ndi malamulo akeake, zovuta zake, komanso kumaliza komwe kumatha kukupusitsani kuganiza kuti zidapangidwa kale. Nkhani yeniyeni siili mu kabuku konyezimira; ndi pakugwira mchenga womangidwa ndi utomoni, kutenthedwa kwa kutentha panthawi yothira, ndi tsamba losawoneka bwino lomwe limangowonekera pambuyo podula koyamba. Ndawona mapangidwe ambiri akulephera chifukwa amawaona ngati kuponya m'malo oponya ndalama kapena mchenga wobiriwira. Imakhala pamalo okoma - yolondola kwambiri kuposa kuponya mchenga, yotsika mtengo kuposa ndalama zonse zamitundu ina, koma yokhala ndi kapangidwe kake kake komwe kakufuna kupanga. Ndi njira yomwe imapereka mphotho, ndikulanga zongoganiza.
Njira ya Shell: Kumene Chiphunzitso Chimakumana ndi Malo Ogulitsira
Bukuli limapangitsa kuti limveke molunjika: pangani chitsulo chotenthetsera, taya mchenga wokutira pamenepo, lolani chipolopolo chiwoneke, chichiritseni. Zowona ndikuvina kwa kutentha ndi nthawi. The phenolic utomoni wokutira mchenga si binder chabe; kuchira kwake kumadalira makulidwe a chipolopolo ndi mphamvu zake. Ngati kutentha kwa chitsanzo chanu sikufanana - titi, gawo la bokosi lovuta kwambiri ndilozizira pang'ono - mumapeza malo ofooka. Malo ofooka amenewo amatha kugwira panthawi yogwira, koma amalephera pansi pa mphamvu ya ferrostatic ya chitsulo chosungunuka, kuchititsa kutha kapena chipsepse. Ndiko kulephera komwe simungawone mpaka mutagwedeza kutulutsa.
Chitsulo, makamaka magiredi otsika kwambiri a aloyi kapena kaboni omwe amapezeka m'matupi a valve kapena m'mabulaketi apangidwe, amayambitsa kusintha kwina: kutentha. Kutsanulira chitsulo cha 1500 ° C+ mu chipolopolo chopyapyala, chomangika ndi utomoni kumapangitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa kutentha. Mipweya imayenera kuthawa, kapena mupeza porosity. Apa ndipamene mapangidwe olowera mpweya pa pateni ndi pagulu lapakati amakhala ovuta. Sikungobowola mabowo; ndikumvetsetsa njira yoyendetsera gasi kuyambira pomwe chitsulo chimagunda nkhungu mpaka kulimba. Ndimakumbukira ntchito yomanga nyumba yopopera madzi, komwe tinkangokhalira kutulutsa zibowo pafupi ndi gombe. Yankho lake silinali mpweya wowonjezera, koma kuyikanso cholumikizira choyambirira kuti chisinthe kutsogolo kwachitsulo, kulola kuti mpweya ukankhidwe patsogolo pamatundu omwe analipo m'malo motsekeredwa.
Apa ndipamene moyo wautali wa foundry ukuwonekera. Kampani ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., ndi zaka makumi atatu akuponya, akanakhala ndi laibulale yakuya ya chitsanzo ndi kusintha kwa gating kwa ma geometries wamba. Kudziwa mwakachetechete kumeneko—podziwa kuti makulidwe ena a khoma a chipolopolo akamaumba zitsulo kuponyera gawo imafunikira mbali yosiyana pang'ono kuposa momwe chitsanzo cha CAD chikusonyezera kuti chipolopolocho chituluke mosasinthasintha-ndicho chimalekanitsa gawo logwira ntchito kuchokera ku zokolola zambiri, zowona mtima kwambiri. Mutha kuwapeza pa https://www.tsingtaocnc.com - zomwe amakumana nazo pazipolopolo ndi kuyika ndalama kumatanthauza kuti amamvetsetsa zamalonda pakati pa njira mwachibadwa.
Zosankha Zakuthupi: Si Chitsulo Chabe
Kufotokozera zitsulo ndi njira yabwino yopezera gawo lomwe lingagwire ntchito, koma osati bwino. Njira ya chipolopolo imagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, koma aliyense amachita mosiyana. Zitsulo za kaboni ngati 1020 kapena 1030 zimakhululukira, koma pazigawo zomwe zimafunikira mphamvu zambiri monga zida zolumikizira zonyamula katundu, mumalumphira ku 4130 kapena 4140. Ndipamene kutentha kusanachitike kuumba kumakhala kochulukirapo kuposa malingaliro; Ndikofunikira kuteteza kusweka kwa kuzizira kwambiri. Kuzimitsa ndi kutenthetsa komwe nthawi zambiri kumatsatira kuponyera kuyenera kuphatikizidwa muzojambula zoyambirira kuti zigwirizane ndi kupotoza kosayembekezereka.
Ndiye muli ndi magiredi osapanga dzimbiri. 304, 316 - ndizofunsira wamba zokhala ndi dzimbiri zosagwira dzimbiri. Chovuta apa ndi chitsulo chamadzimadzi ndi kuchepa kwake. Zosapanga dzimbiri sizimayenda ngati chitsulo cha kaboni, ndipo zimakoka zambiri zikamalimba. Ngati njira yanu yodyetsera (zokwera) siili kukula ndikuyikidwa moyenera pa aloyiyo, mumatha kukhala ndi ming'oma ya shrinkage. Ndawonapo zitoliro za 316L pomwe malo apakati anali omveka, koma bwalo la bawuti linali ndi shrinkage yaying'ono, zomwe zimatsogolera kutayikira. Kukonzekeraku kunali kuwonjezera kuzizira kwakung'ono, kwanzeru ku nkhungu ya chipolopolo kuti ipangitse kulimba, tweak yomwe idabwera kuchokera kuzinthu zofananira ndi machitidwe ofanana a nickel-based alloy.
Kulankhula za ma alloys apadera, ndipamene njirayo imatha kuwala kapena kukhala loto. Kutchula kwa QSY kugwira ntchito ndi cobalt ndi ma aloyi opangidwa ndi faifi akuwonetsa. Izi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zigawo zazikuluzikulu - ma valve opangira mafuta otentha kwambiri & gasi, kapena mbale zovala m'migodi. Malo awo osungunuka ndi apamwamba, chemistry yawo imakhala yovuta. Chikombole cha chipolopolo chiyenera kukhala chouma kwambiri (chinyezi chilichonse chimapangitsa kuti hydrogen ikhale yojambula ndi kusungunula), ndipo njira yothira iyenera kukhala yofulumira komanso yopanda chipwirikiti kuti ipewe kupanga slag. Ndiko kuponya mwapamwamba. Kupeza phokoso chipolopolo akamaumba zitsulo kuponyera gawo ku Monel kapena Hastelloy ndi chizindikiro cha kuthekera koyambira.
The Dimensional Tightrope: Precision vs. Reality
Kulolera kotsatsa kwa zipolopolo nthawi zambiri kumakhala ± 0.005 in./in. kapena bwino. Izi ndizotheka, koma ndi mtengo wamba pa ndege yosavuta. Chinyengo chenicheni ndikusunga izi kudutsa mzere wovuta wolekanitsa, kapena pazinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi misonkhano yayikulu. Chikombole cha chipolopolocho chimakhala cholimba, chomwe chili chabwino, koma njira yomangira zigawo ziwiri za zipolopolo pamodzi ndi zomatira ndizolakwika. Zomatira kwambiri, ndipo zimafinyira pabowo, ndikupanga kung'anima. Kuyika molakwika ngakhale theka la millimeter kumawotchedwa.
Tidaphunzira izi movutikira poyendetsa mabatani a gearbox. Chitsanzo cha CAD chinali changwiro, chitsanzocho chinali CNC-chopangidwa kuti chifotokoze. Koma zikhomo zopezera zida zinali zitatha pang'ono. Chotsatira chake chinali kusokonekera kochulukira pakati pa ma bawuti obowola m'mahalofu awiriwo. Zoponyedwazo zidadutsa poyang'ana koyamba, koma pakukonza makinawo, kubowolako kumatha kusweka chifukwa zibowozo zinali zapakati. Kutayika sikunali kungoponyedwa; inali nthawi yopangira makina ndi zida. Yankho lake linali ndondomeko yokonza zida zolimba komanso kusintha kwa zikhomo za ceramic pa ntchito zovuta.
Kulumikizana uku pakati pa kuponya ndi makina ndikofunikira. A foundry omwe amapereka Integrated CNC makina, monga QSY imachitira, ili ndi mwayi waukulu. Opanga makina awo amawona zopotoka zomwe zimachitika mobwerezabwereza-mwina khoma loyang'anizana ndi mzere wotsatsira nthawi zonse limakhala ndi + 0.3mm zowonjezera. Ndemangazo zimapita mwachindunji ku shopu yapatani kuti ziwongoleredwe pazowonjezera zida. Zimatseka kuzungulira. Pamene inu gwero a chipolopolo akamaumba zitsulo kuponyera gawo kuchokera kwa ogulitsa wotere, simukungogula zowonetsera; mukugula makumbukidwe awo a momwe gawolo limakhalira kuyambira patani mpaka mphero yomaliza.
Zikalakwika: Kusanthula Kulephera Monga Chida
Sikuti ntchito iliyonse imayenda bwino. Zamaphunziro ndi zolephera. Panali chigawo cha hydraulic manifold, chipika chaching'ono koma chokhuthala chokhala ndi njira zamkati. Nkhaniyi inali 8620, chisankho chofala. Zitsanzo zoyamba zinkawoneka bwino, zoyera pamwamba. Koma kuyezetsa magazi kunawonetsa kutayikira. Ma radiography adawonetsa maukonde abwino, olumikizana bwino m'magawo okhuthala. Classic microporosity. Wolakwa? Chigoba cha chipolopolo, chifukwa cha ubwino wake wonse, chimazizira zitsulo mofulumira kuposa nkhungu yaikulu ya mchenga wobiriwira. M'magawo okhuthala, izi zimatha kuyambitsa maiwe amadzimadzi omwe amatsekeka panthawi yolimba, osatha kudyetsa.
Tinayenera kukonzanso gawolo. Osati kapangidwe kantchito, koma kapangidwe kake. Tinawonjezera nthiti zobisika zakunja - osati chifukwa cha mphamvu, koma kuti zikhale ngati zipsepse zoziziritsa kuti zilimbikitse kulimba kofanana. Tinasinthanso gating kuti tidyetse gawo lakuda kuchokera kumunsi. Zinagwira ntchito. Chotengera chinali chakuti kuumba kwa zipolopolo nthawi zina kumafuna kuti mupange ndondomekoyi mwamphamvu kwambiri kuposa njira zina, ngakhale zikutanthawuza kuwonjezera gilamu imodzi kapena ziwiri zazitsulo m'madera omwe si ovuta kwambiri kuti muwonetsetse kumveka bwino.
Kulephera kwina kofala, kosaoneka bwino ndiko kuloŵa kwachitsulo. Chitsulocho sichimalowa mumchenga, koma kutentha kwakukulu kumatha kuphwanya chomangira cha utomoni pamalo opangira zitsulo, kulola zitsulo zamadzimadzi kulowa mu njere zamchenga. Zimapanga malo ovuta, osakanikirana omwe amawopsyeza makina. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika m'matumba akuya, opapatiza kapena pansi pa zotsatira zapansi-sprue. Kukonzekera kumakhala mu zokutira mchenga - kukula kwa njere kapena utomoni wosiyana wa malo enieniwo. Ndi tsatanetsatane womwe mumangowona podula zoseweretsa ndikuyang'ana pamwamba pomwe mukukulitsa.
The Economic Equation: Chifukwa Chiyani Shell, Bwanji Osati Chinachake?
Ndiye, ndi liti pamene kuumba zipolopolo kumamveka bwino pazachuma? Si njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri yopangira zida zam'tsogolo. Mitundu yachitsulo ndi yokwera mtengo. Koma pakuyenda kuchokera mazana angapo mpaka makumi masauzande, nthawi zambiri amapambana pamtengo wokwanira pa gawo lililonse. Mumapulumutsa kwambiri pa nthawi yopanga makina chifukwa cha mawonekedwe apafupi ndi ukonde komanso kutsirizika kwabwino kwambiri (nthawi zambiri 125-250 μin Ra as-cast). Mumachepetsa ntchito yoyeretsa m'chipinda chifukwa palibe mchenga wolemera. Kusasinthika kwa dimensional kumachepetsa zinyalala mumachining wotsatira.
Yerekezerani ndi kupanga ndalama kwakanthawi. Kwa tsamba la turbine lovuta, lokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala muzitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, ndalama ndi mfumu. Koma kwa olimba kwambiri, chunky chitsulo kuponyera gawo ngati bulaketi ya axle yagalimoto kapena chotchinga cham'madzi, kuumba zipolopolo kumapereka kulondola kofananako pamtengo wotsikirapo pa kilogalamu yachitsulo, komanso nthawi yozungulira mwachangu. Chisankhochi chimaphatikizapo kukula kwa gawo (chipolopolo ndi chabwino kwa kukula kwapakati), zovuta (zamkati zamkati zili bwino), aloyi, ndi voliyumu.
Ichi ndiye chigamulo chomwe wopereka wokhazikika amabweretsa. Kuyang'ana makulidwe a QSY - kuumba zipolopolo, kuponya ndalama, ndi kukonza makina - ali ndi mwayi wopereka upangiri wosakondera. Atha kuyang'ana chojambulira ndikuti, Pa geometry iyi mu 17-4PH, ndalama zitha kukhala zabwinoko pazidutswa 500 zoyamba, koma ngati voliyumu yanu yapachaka ndi 5000, tiyeni tipange nkhungu ya chipolopolo. Upangiri umenewo ndi wamtengo wapatali monga momwe zimapangidwira. Zimakulepheretsani kupanga-injiniya mopitilira muyeso kapena kusankha imodzi yomwe ikuyenera kukhala ndi zokolola. Pomaliza, wopambana chipolopolo akamaumba zitsulo kuponyera gawo sikungokhudza maziko ake kutsanulira zitsulo zabwino; ndi kusankha bwalo lankhondo loyenera kuyambira pachiyambi, ndi zovuta zake zonse, zopinga zomwe zikuwonekera.
