Mumamva 'iron imvi' ndipo anthu ambiri, ngakhale ena omwe ali m'magawo oyandikana nawo opanga, nthawi yomweyo amaganiza kuti 'zotsika mtengo,' 'zoyambira,' kapena 'zasukulu zakale.' Ndilo lingaliro lolakwika loyamba. Sizongokhala zotsika mtengo; ndi za kukhala chida choyenera pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zazikulu kumene damping mphamvu, matenthedwe conductivity, ndi machinability ndi mfumu. Ma graphite flakes - 'imvi' m'dzina lake - sizolakwika; iwo ndi mawonekedwe opangidwa. Ndiwo omwe amaupangitsa kunyowetsa, kumanyowetsa ngati chinkhupule. Ndawonapo mapulojekiti apamwamba kwambiri achitsulo kapena zitsulo zopangira maziko kapena nyumba, akuthamangitsa mphamvu zolimba, kungokhala ndi phokoso la msonkhano wonse ndikumveka chifukwa amanyalanyaza kunyowetsa. Ndiko kumene imvi chitsulo kuponyera mwakachetechete amapambana.
Pamwamba pa Buku Lolemba: Zowona za Njira ndi Phokoso
Mabuku amakupatsirani ma formula ofanana ndi kaboni, ma curve ozizira. Dziko lenileni limakupatsani mawu. Wabwino, wandiweyani imvi chitsulo kuponyera imakhala ndi mphete yomveka bwino, yokwera kwambiri ikamenyedwa mopepuka. Phokoso loyipa? Izi nthawi zambiri zimatanthawuza zovuta - kuchepa, porosity, mwina kusakanizidwa bwino. Ndi mzere woyamba, kuyesa kwapansi pa sitolo komwe kwakhalako nthawi yayitali kuposa kuyesa kwa ultrasonic. Ndikukumbukira paulendo wapanyumba, mwina malo ngati Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY), mumamva kapitawo akutsika pamzere watsopano, akumenya aliyense ndi nyundo yaing'ono, kumvetsera. Phokoso limenelo ndi ndemanga yomweyo pa khalidwe losungunuka ndi kutsanulira.
Kupeza mawu osasinthasintha, komabe, sikungokhudza chemistry yachitsulo. Ndi za nkhungu. Mchenga wobiriwira ndiye wanthawi zonse, koma pakuvuta komanso kumaliza, kuumba zipolopolo ndipamene mumawona finesse yeniyeni. Mchenga wokutidwa ndi utomoni umapanga chigoba cholimba, chomwe chimalola makoma owonda komanso owoneka bwino kuposa mchenga wobiriwira nthawi zambiri. Apa ndi pamene zokumana nazo za foundry zimatiuza. Ayenera kuyang'anira kutentha kwa kutentha mosiyanasiyana - nkhungu ya chipolopolo imazizira zitsulo mofulumira, zomwe zimakhudza mapangidwe a graphite. Ngati ndondomekoyi siyinayimbidwe, mutha kukhala ndi m'mphepete mwazizira kapena mawonekedwe osagwirizana, zomwe zidzapha mphamvuyo pambuyo pake.
Ndipo machinability ndiye phindu lalikulu lotsatira. Ma graphite flakes amenewo amakhala ngati ma chip breakers omangidwira. Mutha kudulidwa mwaukali, tchipisi zimasweka bwino, ndipo moyo wa zida nthawi zambiri umakhala wabwino kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zitsulo. Koma - ndipo ichi ndi chachikulu koma - chikuwonetsa kusasinthika, pearlitic matrix. Ngati chitsulocho ndi chofewa kwambiri, chimakhala ndi gummy. Ma carbides aulere ambiri kuchokera ku kuzizira kofulumira, ndipo mudzawotcha nsonga. Sikuti mukungogula zowonera; mukugula zitsulo kuseri kwake.
Chitsanzo cha QSY: Kumene Kutaya Kumakumana ndi Machining
Kuyang'ana kukula kwa kampani kumakuuzani zambiri za kumvetsetsa kwawo pazinthuzo. Tengani machitidwe a QSY, mwachitsanzo. Amalemba zipolopolo za nkhungu ndi kuponyedwa kwa ndalama pamodzi ndi makina a CNC, akugwira ntchito ndi chitsulo choponyedwa ndi ma aloyi apadera. Kuphatikiza kumeneko ndikofunika. Malo opangira makina omwe amamvetsetsanso zotsatira za kutsika kwa njira yawo yoponyera. Amadziwa kuti kusintha pang'ono pamzere wolekanitsa kapena kusamalidwa bwino sikumangokhudza nkhungu - kungatanthauze kukhazikitsidwa kowonjezera, kovutirapo pa mphero ya CNC, kuwonjezera mtengo ndi nthawi yozungulira. Caster wanu akamaganiza ngati wamakina, mumapeza magawo omwe ali okonzeka kupanga.
Mitundu yawo yazinthu ikuwonetsanso. Kupereka imvi chitsulo kuponyera pambali zosapanga dzimbiri ndi nickel alloys si mndandanda chabe. Zikuwonetsa kuti atha kugwira ng'anjo ndikukonzekera tsankho lomwe likufunika. Simukufuna kufufuza zinthu kuchokera kuzitsulo zosungunuka kwambiri zomwe zimawononga chitsulo chanu, monga chinthu chonga chromium chikhoza kulimbikitsa mapangidwe a carbide muchitsulo, ndikupangitsa kuti zisawonongeke. Oyambitsa omwe amalemba izi mosiyana nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chilangocho.
Izi ndizofunikira ngati thupi la hydraulic valve kapena nyumba ya compressor. Mungafunike ndime zamkati zoponyedwa pafupi ndi ukonde (pomwe kuumba kwa zipolopolo kumapambana), nkhope zowoneka bwino za flange, ndi madoko a ulusi. Ngati oyambitsa angokupatsani chiwongola dzanja ndikukuuzani kuti 'mwayi wabwino,' muli ndi zokonzekera zambiri komanso zoyeserera m'tsogolo. Koma ngati apanga kale ma datamu oyambira ndi malo ovuta, monga momwe shopu yophatikizika imachitira, muli patsogolo. Kukhazikika kwachitsulo chotuwirako kumapangitsa kukhala loto lokhala ndi kulolerana kolimba pankhope zamakina.
Kulephera ndi Maphunziro: Pamene Grey Iron Iti Ayi
Si yankho ku chilichonse. Ndinaphunzira izi movutirapo ndikuyamba ndi gawo la bulaketi yapope yolemetsa. Mapangidwewo anali ndi ngodya zakuthwa zoloweranso komanso makulidwe a magawo osagwirizana. Tinkakankhira chitsulo chotuwa chifukwa cha bajeti komanso kusowa kwamphamvu. Chotsatira? Misozi yotentha. Zakale. Zigawo zopyapyalazo zinalimba ndi kufota poyamba, kukoka chitsulo chosungunukabe m’zigawo zokhuthala, ndipo chinangong’ambika. Kuchepa kwa chitsulo chotuwira kumafunika kudyetsedwa mosamala komanso kamangidwe kake. Ndipamene luso la wopanga patani limabwera. Tinayenera kubwereranso, kuwonjezera ma fillets paliponse, kugwira ntchito pazigawo zosinthika, ndikugwiritsa ntchito kuzizira mu nkhungu kuti ngakhale kulimbitsa. Zinagwira ntchito, koma zinawonjezera nthawi.
Phunziro lina: kukana mphamvu. Osapempha kuti ikhale nyundo. Ma graphite flakes ndi olimbikitsa kupsinjika. Kuwomba koopsa kungayambitse fracture yomwe imafalikira motsatira ma flakes amenewo. Ndawonapo giya yachitsulo yotuwa yowoneka ngati yolimba kuchokera pa forklift ndikuyigwedeza molakwika. Pazigawo zomwe zili ndi chiopsezo chilichonse chotsitsa, mumatchula chitsulo cha ductile. Ndi kusankha kofunikira kamangidwe komwe kuyenera kupangidwa pojambula.
Kuwonongeka ndi malire ena. Ichita dzimbiri. Kwa ntchito zambiri zamafakitale m'nyumba, malaya a utoto ndi abwino. Koma pokonza chakudya kapena malo ena amankhwala, mukuyang'ana zitsulo za nickel-chrome ductile irons kapena kusintha kukhala zosapanga dzimbiri. Kuphweka kwa Grey iron ndikolepheretsanso apa. Simungadalire kuti musamachite dzimbiri.
Kufotokoza Bwino: Kukambirana ndi Foundry
Simumangotumiza chojambula chokhala ndi Material: Gray Iron ndikuchitcha tsiku. Chofunikira ndicho kukambirana. Kodi tikulankhula ASTM A48 Class 35? Gulu 40? Nambala ya kalasi ndi mphamvu yokhazikika mu ksi. Koma chofunika kwambiri kuposa chiwerengero chomwe chili pa cert ndi microstructure spec. Mutha kuyitanitsa zocheperako za pearlite (titi, 90%) kuti muwonetsetse kuti zili ndi mphamvu komanso kukana kuvala. Mutha kufotokoza kukula kwa graphite flake (Mtundu A, kukula kwa 4-5 ndikofala paukadaulo wamba). Apa ndipamene kuyanjana ndi akatswiri odziwa ntchito kumalipira.
Rep wabwino waukadaulo kuchokera ku foundry samangotchula zomwe mwasindikiza. Adzafunsa za ntchito, kutsitsa, mapulani amakina. Anganene kuti musinthe makulidwe a khoma ndi millimita imodzi kapena ziwiri kuti muzitha kuyamwa bwino. Angalimbikitse kusintha pakati pang'ono kuti mupewe zolakwika zokhudzana ndi mchenga pankhope yovuta kwambiri yosindikiza. Kubwerera ndi kutsogoloku ndi komwe kumapangitsa chojambula kukhala chinthu chopangidwa. Ndiko kusiyana pakati pa gawo lomwe limagwira ntchito ndi gawo lomwe limagwira ntchito modalirika kwa zaka zambiri.
Kwa magawo apamwamba, zokambiranazi zimafikira ku zida. Njira yokhazikika yachitsulo yopangira zipolopolo ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri, koma kupitilira zidutswa 10,000, mtengo wagawo lililonse umatsika kwambiri. Kwa ma prototypes kapena maulendo amfupi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nkhungu zamchenga zosindikizidwa za 3D. Kumapeto kwapamwamba komanso kulondola kwake sikungakhale kwabwino ngati nkhungu yachipolopolo yochokera kuchitsulo, koma imakupatsirani magawo ogwira ntchito m'masabata, osati miyezi. Ndi malonda omwe ogulitsa abwino angakupatseni.
Niche Yokhazikika M'dziko Lamakono Apamwamba
M'zaka za kompositi ndi zopangira zowonjezera, imvi chitsulo kuponyera amamva pafupifupi analogi. Koma ndi mphamvu zake. Ndi njira yochuluka, yodalirika, yotsika mtengo pazigawo zoyambira. Ganizirani mabedi a zida zamakina, midadada ya injini, mitu ya masilinda, ma flywheel, ma brake disc a masitima apamtunda. Kukhoza kwake kuchepetsa kugwedezeka sikunafanane ndi zipangizo zina pamtengo wake. Ndi maziko abata, okhazikika omwe amalola zopota zothamanga kwambiri komanso mizera yolondola pamalo opangira makina kuti agwire ntchito yawo.
Malo ngati QSY, omwe ali ndi zaka zambiri pamasewera, awona zida ndi njira zikubwera ndikupita. Zowona zomwe amalembabe zitsulo zotayidwa momveka bwino zikutanthauza kuti kufunikira ndi kokhazikika. Sizokongola, koma ndizofunikira. Chidziwitso sichili mu zolemba zokha; ili m'sitolo yapatani, m'chipinda chosungunula, m'mamvekedwe a mpopi wa nyundo.
Chifukwa chake nthawi ina mukadzawona chinthu cholemera, cha bokosi, chowoneka bwino chomwe chiyenera kukhala cholimba, chosinthika, komanso chakufa, musanyalanyaze chitsulo chotuwa. Onetsetsani kuti mwamvetsetsa malamulo ake. Kupanga ngakhale kulimbitsa, tchulani za microstructure, ndikugwira ntchito ndi maziko omwe amalingalira kupitirira kutsanulira. Konzani izi, ndipo muli ndi gawo lomwe lingadutse makina omwe amangidwamo.
