Anthu ambiri akamva mawu akuti ‘zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri,’ amayerekezera sinki yonyezimira komanso yosawonongeka. Ndilo lingaliro lolakwika loyamba. M'malo mwake, ndi banja la aloyi, ndipo kusankha giredi yolakwika pakugwiritsa ntchito ndikulakwitsa kokwera mtengo komwe ndawonapo nthawi zambiri. Sikuti zimangolimbana ndi dzimbiri; ndi za machinability, weldability, ndi momwe zimakhalira pansi pa nkhawa kapena kutentha. Tiye tikambirane zomwe masamba sakuuzani nthawi zonse.
Aloyi Si Nkhani Yonse
Tengani 304 ndi 316, mahatchiwa. Aliyense amadziwa kuti 316 ili ndi molybdenum yokwanira kukana kwa ma chloride. Koma pansi pa sitolo, mutu wawukulu wokhala ndi 316 ndi chizolowezi chake chogwira ntchito molimba ngati misala panthawi. CNC makina. Mukuganiza kuti muli ndi zakudya zanu komanso kuthamanga kwanu, ndipo mwadzidzidzi chidacho chikukuwa, kutsirizika kwapamwamba kumapita ku gehena, ndipo mwatsala ndi chisokonezo cholimba. Zimafuna ulemu ndi zida zakuthwa, kuposa 304. Kwa kampani ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., yomwe imayang'anira chilichonse kuyambira kuponya mpaka kukanika komaliza, izi sizophunzira. Zimatanthawuza kukonzekera ndondomeko yonse ya ndondomeko - kuyambira ndi kapangidwe ka tirigu - mozungulira momwe zinthuzo zidzadulire pambuyo pake.
Ndiye pali kalasi yaulere-machining, 303. Yawonjezedwa sulfure, kotero imagwira bwino. Koma sulfure yemweyo amapha kukana kwake kwa dzimbiri ndi kuwotcherera kwake. Nthawi ina ndinawona gulu la matupi a valve 303, opangidwa bwino, amalephera msanga m'malo owononga pang'ono chifukwa wina amaganiza kuti alibe banga. Makasitomala amafunikira 316, koma 303 anali otchipa komanso osavuta makina. Kupulumutsa kwakanthawi kochepako kumawononga ndalama zambiri m'malo ndi mbiri. Ndi msampha tingachipeze powerenga.
Nuance yeniyeni imabwera ndi magiredi owumitsa mvula ngati 17-4 PH. Mumachiyika mu Condition A yokhala ndi yankho, yomwe ndi yofewa. Kenako mumatenthetsa mpaka H900 kapena H1150 kuti mukhale ndi mphamvu zodabwitsa. Koma ngati kachitidwe kanu ka makina sikutengera kusintha kwa mawonekedwe panthawi ya kutentha komaliza - ndipo kumasuntha - bulaketi yanu yololera mumlengalenga imakhala yopanda kanthu. Ndi kuvina pakati pa makina ndi metallurgist.
Kuponya Kumanja: Kuposa Kuthira Chitsulo
Apa ndi pamene maziko amayalidwa. Investment casting ndizosangalatsa kwa zovuta chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri magawo, koma mdierekezi ali mwatsatanetsatane. Kupanga gating ndi riser ndikofunikira. Stainless ili ndi njira yochepetsera yosiyana ndi chitsulo cha carbon. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito njira yodyetsera yomweyi, mupeza shrinkage porosity m'magawo okhuthala. Tidaphunzira izi koyambirira ku QSY. Kuponyera kwapampu kwanyumba kumapitilirabe kuyezetsa kuthamanga. Ma geometry anali omveka, ma alloy certs anali angwiro. Nkhaniyi inali yowonjezereka kwambiri komanso pamalo olakwika, ndi njala yoponyedwa pamene ikukula. Kukonzanso dongosolo lodyetserako chakudya kunathetsa. Sikunali kulephera kwakuthupi; kunali kulephera kwa ndondomeko.
Kuponyedwa kwa nkhungu za zipolopolo za zosapanga dzimbiri kumabweretsa kusintha kwina: kachitidwe kachitsulo kachitsulo. Ma aloyi ena, makamaka omwe ali ndi chromium yokwera, amatha kupanga chowuma cholimba, chokhazikika pomwe chitsulo chimalumikizana ndi chipolopolo cha ceramic. Iyi si sikelo yomwe mungangophulika; ndi chomangira zitsulo. Ngati ndizovuta kwambiri, zimawononga pamwamba ndipo zimafuna ndalama zambiri zogulira makina, kuwomba mtengo. Chinyengo chiri mu chovala cha nkhope ya nkhungu-ufa weniweni wa zircon kapena refractory wogwiritsidwa ntchito-ndi kutentha kothira. Madigiri ochepa otentha kwambiri, ndipo mukudzigulira masiku owonjezera akupera ntchito.
Ndipo tisaiwale ma aloyi apadera omwe QSY amatchula, monga omwe ali ndi faifi tambala. Nthawi zambiri, sikuti mukungoponya banga; mukuponya Inconel kapena Hastelloy pambali pake. Zochita za ng'anjo ziyenera kukhala zabwinobwino kuti zipewe kuipitsidwa. Zotsalira zazitsulo za carbon mu ladle zimatha kuyambitsa chitsulo cha carbides mu superalloy kusungunuka, kusokoneza kutentha kwake kwakukulu. Zomwe zimapangidwira m'malo opangira zinthu zambiri ndizofunikira monga zitsulo.
The Machining Reality: Chatter, Kutentha, ndi Tool Life
Kuchokera pakuponyedwa, makina opanga makina sakhala ofanana. Mutha kukhala ndi mchenga wophulika wokhala ndi matumba a sikelo yolimba. Kudutsa kwanu koyambako kumayenera kukhala kolimba kuti mulowe pansi pamtunda wosasunthika koma wokhazikika kuti musagwedeze chida. Kwa ma castings akulu, kukakamiza ndi kukonza kuti mupewe kupotoza pansi pa mphamvu zodulira ndi njira yaluso. Simukupanga billet yabwino; mukutsuka gawo lokhala ndi mawonekedwe a ukonde lomwe lili ndi zovuta zamkati kuchokera pakuponya.
Kusankha kozizira ndikofunikira kwambiri. Chozizira chogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse chikhoza kukhala chabwino kwa aluminiyamu kapena chitsulo chochepa, koma kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, umafunika mafuta ambiri. Cholinga sikungoziziritsa; ndikuchepetsa nsonga yomangika pansonga ya chida, chomwe ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha kusamalitsa bwino komanso kuvala kwachangu kwa zida za gummy. Tidasinthira ku chinthu chozizirira cholemetsa, chosapanga chlorine zaka zapitazo, ndipo moyo wa zida pa ntchito zathu 316 udakwera mwina ndi 30%. Zinali zofunikira.
Ndiye pali post-machining nkhawa. Kugaya kwambiri kapena kutembenuka kungayambitse kupsinjika kwa pamwamba komwe, m'malo owonongeka, kumakhala malo oyambira kustress corrosion cracking (SCC). Pazigawo zomwe zimaperekedwa ku zomera za mankhwala kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumtunda, kugwedezeka komaliza kapena kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa kutentha kochepa kungakhale kofunikira. Siziri pazojambula zokhazikika, koma ndi mtundu wa chidziwitso chomwe chimalekanitsa malo ogulitsa ntchito kuchokera kwa ogwirizana nawo opanga.
Pamene Stainless Sikutanthauza Kupanda banga
Iyi ndiye mfundo yayikulu kwambiri yophunzirira kasitomala. Passivation ndiyofunikira. Si kupukuta kosankha. Ndi njira yamankhwala yomwe imachotsa tinthu tating'ono tachitsulo tambiri tomwe timayika pamwamba pa makina (ganizirani tizing'ono tating'ono tachitsulo tapanikizidwa mu gawolo) ndikulemeretsa wosanjikiza wa chromium oxide. Mukayilumpha, mbali yonyezimirayo imakhala ndi dzimbiri mnyumba yosungiramo chinyezi, ndipo foni imalira ndi kasitomala wokwiya. Ine ndimayenera kufotokoza izi nthawi zambiri kuposa momwe ndingathere.
Kuwonongeka kumakhudzanso kupanga. Mipata ndi mdani. Flange yopangidwa bwino kwambiri yomwe imalumikizana ndi malo ena okhala ndi gasket imatha kupanga ming'alu yolimba. M'malo opanda okosijeni, ngakhale 316 imatha kuwonongeka ndi ming'alu. Yankho litha kukhala losavuta monga kufotokoza zamtundu wina wa gasket kapena nkhope yotakata. Ndi za kuganiza za chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chigawo monga gawo la dongosolo, osati chitsulo chokhachokha.
Ndi kutentha kutentha kuchokera kuwotcherera. Mtundu wa utawaleza umenewo siwonyansa; ndi malo omwe chromium yatha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisawonongeke. Pa ntchito zaukhondo kapena zam'madzi, utotowo uyenera kuchotsedwa, nthawi zambiri ndi pickling ndi passivation. Wowotcherera atha kupanga chowotcherera bwino cha TIG, koma ngati kutentha sikunayendetsedwe ndipo mbali yakumbuyo sinatsukidwe bwino, mwapanga malo olephera mtsogolo. Kuwongolera kwaubwino kuyenera kuyang'ana kupyola pa X-ray pazowonongeka ndikuyang'ana zitsulo zam'mwamba.
Ubwino Wothandizana Nawo Zonse
Apa ndipamene chitsanzo cha kampani ngati QSY, yomwe ili ndi zaka 30 pakupanga ndi kupanga makina, imakhala yomveka. Mavuto omwe ndafotokozawo ndi adongosolo. Chilema choponya sichingawonekere mpaka kumapeto kwa makina omaliza, ndikuwononga mtengo wowonjezerawo. Njira yamakina yomwe imanyalanyaza kupsinjika kotsalira kwa kuponyera kumatha kusokoneza. Kukhala ndi maphunziro onse pansi pa denga limodzi kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zolumikizira zomwe zimasokonekera mukamapereka kwa wogulitsa wina ndikukankhira wina.
Atha kupanga chisankho msanga. Mwachitsanzo, gawo ili la geometry mu 17-4 PH lingakhale lovuta kupanga makina kuchokera pa block yolimba. Tiyeni tipange ndalama kuti zifikire 90%, ngakhale mtengo wa zida ndi wokwera, chifukwa mtengo wonse wa umwini—zinyalala zakuthupi, nthawi yopangira makina, kuvala kwa zida—zidzakhala zotsika. Ndiko kuyitanira kwa chiweruzo komwe kumabadwa kuchokera pakuchita mbali zonse za equation.
Zimapanganso chidziwitso chakuthupi. Gulu lawo loyambitsa likudziwa kuti kutentha kwina kwa 304 kuchokera ku Supplier A kumakhala kwamadzimadzi pang'ono kuposa kuchokera kwa Wopereka B, komwe kungakhudze kudzaza kwa nkhungu. Gulu lawo lopanga makina likudziwa kuti mipiringidzo yochokera ku Mill C nthawi zonse imawoneka kuti ili ndi zovuta zambiri. Kudziwa mwakachetechete kumeneku, komwe kwasonkhanitsidwa kwazaka zambiri, ndizomwe mukuguladi. Si mndandanda luso ngati chipolopolo nkhungu kuponyera ndi CNC makina; ndizomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa, nthawi zina zowawa, zopanga njirazo kuti zigwire ntchito limodzi pazinthu zovuta. Ndicho chimene chimatembenuza chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kukhala chinthu chopangidwa mwaluso.
