Anthu ambiri akamva chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo, amajambula chitsulo chosungunula ndi nkhungu yamchenga - njira yosokonekera komanso yankhanza. Izi sizolakwika, koma ndi poyambira zomwe zimaphonya nuance. Vuto lenileni sikungotenga chitsulo kuti chiziyenda; imayang'anira zomwe zimachitika pamene ikukhazikika, kuzizira, ndi kupangidwa ndi makina. Ndawona mapulojekiti ambiri akupunthwa potenga chitsulo chonyezimira ngati chotsika mtengo, chosinthika. Magawo amafunikira, mtundu wa nkhungu ndiwofunika kwambiri, ndipo ntchito yotulutsa pambuyo pake imatsimikizira chilichonse.
Nkhungu ndi Uthenga
Simumangosankha nkhungu yopangira mawonekedwe; mumasankha khungu. Kwa magawo ovuta, olekerera kwambiri chitsulo kuponyera, pafupifupi nthawi zonse timatsamira ku nkhungu kapena kupanga ndalama. Kuponyera mchenga kuli ndi malo ake a zigawo zazikulu, zolimba, koma mapeto a pamwamba ndi kusasinthasintha kuchokera ku chipolopolo chokutidwa ndi utomoni ali pamlingo wina. Ndikukumbukira gulu la nyumba zapampu zomwe kasitomala amalimbikira mchenga wobiriwira pamtengo. Zoponyerazo zidatuluka ndi pamwamba ngati sandpaper yolimba, ndipo nthawi yokonza makinawo idachotsa ndalama zonse zomwe zidasungidwa poyamba. Nkhungu imalamula 50% yoyamba ya gawo lanu lomaliza.
Ndipamene zochitika za sitolo zimasonyeza. Kampani ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., ndi zaka makumi atatu akupanga zipolopolo ndi kupanga ndalama, ali ndi ndondomeko ndi magawo a ndondomeko. Iwo amadziwa, mwachitsanzo, momwe kutentha kwa zipolopolo zawo kumayenderana ndi kutsika kwa zitsulo zosiyanasiyana. Si chidziwitso cha mabuku; ndi mtundu wa zinthu zomwe mumaphunzira mutawona nkhungu chikwi zikung'ambika kapena kutulutsa kung'anima pamalo omwewo.
Mapangidwe a gating system - njira zomwe zimadyetsa zitsulo mu nkhungu - ndi luso lina lakuda. Thirani mwachangu kwambiri ndi zipata zolakwika, ndipo mumapeza chipwirikiti, kutsekeka kwa mpweya, ndi kuyika kwa slag. Nthawi ina ndidagwirapo ntchito pabokosi la zida zovuta momwe tinali ndi shrinkage porosity mosalekeza mu gawo lokhuthala. Tinayesa chirichonse: kusintha kutentha kwa kutsanulira, pogwiritsa ntchito kuzizira. Kukonza? Kupanganso gating kuti mupange mawonekedwe olimba kwambiri. Kunali kusintha kosawoneka bwino pakukula kwa othamanga ndi kakhazikitsidwe, chinthu chomwe wophunzira sangachiwone.
Zofunika Kuposa Tsamba Lapadera
Kutchula chitsulo chotayira kuli ngati kulowa mu lesitilanti ndikupempha chakudya. Iron imvi (Grey Iron), ductile iron (Nodular Iron), graphite yophatikizika… chilichonse chimakhala ngati chinthu chosiyana. Chitsulo chotuwira ndi chabwino pakugwetsa kugwedezeka koma kolimba; ductile iron imakhala ndi mphamvu komanso kulimba kwina. Zinthu zophatikizika ndi katemera panthawi yothira zimapanga kapena kuziphwanya.
Tinali ndi pulojekiti yokhazikitsa mabatani okwera kwambiri. Chojambulacho chinafuna generic Giredi 250 imvi chitsulo. Chinachake chinasokonekera. Titakambirana zonyamula katundu ndi kuwopsa kwa injiniya, tinakankhira kusintha kwachitsulo cha ferritic ductile. Mtengo wa zinthu zopangira unali wapamwamba, koma gawolo linali lopepuka, lamphamvu, ndipo linapulumuka pakutopa kuyesa mtundu wachitsulo wotuwa ukadatha. Wofuna chithandizo anali kuyang'ana pa mtengo wa pa kg; tinali kuyang'ana ntchito ya gawo-mu-ntchito.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuyanjana ndi maziko omwe amagwiritsira ntchito ma alloys apadera ndi ukonde wotetezera. Kudziwa kuti wogulitsa ngati QSY amagwira ntchito ndi chirichonse kuchokera kuzitsulo zokhazikika ndi zitsulo mpaka kuzitsulo za nickel-based alloys zikutanthauza kuti amamvetsetsa zitsulo pamlingo wosungunuka. Iwo sali kungotsanulira; iwo akuwunika kuchuluka kwa ma charger, kuwongolera kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri, ndikuwongolera kuzizira. Kwa gawo lokhazikika, mwina zilibe kanthu. Pa chilichonse chovuta, ndi chilichonse.
The Machining Handshake
Apa ndipamene kudumpha kumachitika nthawi zambiri: kuponya ndikwabwino, koma sikungatheke. Kapena m'malo mwake, imatha kupangidwa, koma osati mogwira mtima kapena ndi moyo wabwino wa zida. Kusintha kwa kuuma kuchokera pakhungu kupita pachimake poponya, makamaka ndi mitengo ina yozizira, kumatha kuwononga zida za CNC. Kujambula kowoneka bwino kumatha kubisa madontho olimba kapena mawonekedwe osagwirizana omwe amayambitsa macheza ndi mabwinja kumapeto.
Mashopu ophatikizidwa ali ndi mwayi waukulu pano. Ngati bungwe lomwelo likuchita chitsulo kuponyera imagwiranso ntchito ndi CNC makina, amatha kupanga zopanga kupanga kuyambira pachiyambi. Amadziwa kuwongolera gawo mu nkhungu kuwonetsetsa kuti nkhope zovuta zimakhala ndi kuuma kosasinthika kwa makina. Atha kuwonjezera ndalama zocheperako m'malo oyenera chifukwa njira yawo ndi yobwerezedwa. Ndakhala m'mashopu omwe magulu okonza makina ndi zida zopangira zida zili pankhondo, akumadzudzulana chifukwa cha zinyalala. Ndi njira yokwera mtengo yogwirira ntchito.
Kuyang'ana kukhazikitsidwa kwa QSY, kuphatikiza kwa kuponyera ndi makina amkati a CNC ndikupita patsogolo koyenera. Zimatseka kuzungulira. Amatha kuponya valavu yachitsulo cha ductile, mwachitsanzo, yokhala ndi ma flanges ophatikizika ndi madoko olumikizira, kenaka makina amaso osindikizira ndi mabowo a ulusi pamipangidwe imodzi. Ndemanga ndi nthawi yomweyo: ngati chida chikuvala mwachangu kwambiri pagulu linalake, amatha kuzitsata ku chipika chosungunuka kapena nthawi yozizira. Kuwongolera kumeneko ndikovuta kubwereza mukamatumiza anthu ochita zachiwawa kudutsa dzikolo kupita kumalo ena ogulitsira makina.
Zinthu Zikakhala Molakwika (Iwo Amachita)
Kulephera kusanthula ndi mphunzitsi wabwino kwambiri. Kumayambiriro, ndinali ndi udindo woyendetsa matupi ang'onoang'ono a actuator mu iron imvi. Anadutsa zoyendera zonse zoyamba koma adayamba kusweka m'munda pambuyo pa matenthedwe ochepa. Wolakwa? Zotsalira zotsalira kuchokera ku kuzizira kosiyana. Sitinatchule za kuwongolera kwapang'onopang'ono pambuyo poponya, poganiza kuti geometry inali yosavuta mokwanira. Linali phunziro lokwera mtengo. Tsopano, pa gawo lililonse lokhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana kapena ntchito pansi pa kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono, chithandizo cha kutentha kwapambuyo ndi chinthu choyamba chomwe ndimaganizira.
Wina tingachipeze powerenga ndi porosity. Si nthawi zonse chilema choponya; nthawi zina ndi kapangidwe. Wofuna chithandizo kamodzi anatitumizira chitsanzo cha CAD chokhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola, achilengedwe okhala ndi magawo angapo okhuthala osakanikirana kukhala makoma owonda. Unali msampha wa porosity. Tinayenera kukambirana kusintha kwa mapangidwe - kuwonjezera nthiti, kuchotsa madera okhuthala - kuti zisawonongeke. Kapangidwe koyenera kayense kaŵirikaŵiri si koyenera kumakanika. Ndiko kunyengerera, motsogozedwa ndi kuyenda ndi kulimba kwachitsulo.
Zovuta zimachitika. Chizindikiro cha maziko abwino si chilema; ndi momwe amawachitira, momwe amapezera chifukwa chake, ndi momwe amasinthira khadi kuti ayendetse. Ndimayamikira wogulitsa amene atumiza lipoti lokhala ndi zithunzi za vutolo, gawo lomwe likuwonetsa porosity, ndi kusintha komwe akufuna kusintha pa geting kapena kutentha kothira kuposa yemwe amangolowetsamo mwakachetechete.
The Real Cost Equation
Pomaliza, lingaliro lolakwika kwambiri: kuti chitsulo kuponyera nthawi zonse ndi njira yotsika mtengo. Kwa magawo amodzi kapena ang'onoang'ono, ndizoyipa. Mtengo wokhawokha umawononga. Koma mukamagunda voliyumu - nenani, zidutswa mazana angapo pachaka ndikukwera - zachuma zimasintha. Mtengo wa unit ukutsika. Ndalama zenizeni, komabe, zimachokera ku kuphatikiza. Kuponya kumakulolani kuti muphatikize zidutswa zopanga zingapo kukhala imodzi, kuchotsa zomangira, zomangira, ndi zolephera zomwe zingalephereke.
Tinakonzanso chimango chomwe chinapangidwa kuchokera ku mbale zachitsulo zodutsa khumi ndi ziwiri zodulidwa ndi zitsulo. Kuponyedwa kwachitsulo chatsopano kwachitsulo chimodzi chinali 15% chopepuka, 40% cholimba, ndikuchepetsa nthawi ya msonkhano kuyambira maola mpaka mphindi. Mtengo wogwiritsira ntchito zida unali wofunikira, koma kuchepetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa kupanga, kupulumutsa kwa gawo lililonse kunali kwakukulu. Mtengo wake unali mu kagwiridwe ntchito ndi kuphweka kwa msonkhano, osati zopangira zokha.
Ndiwo mathero. Sizosankha kuponya chitsulo chifukwa ndi zachikhalidwe kapena zotsika mtengo. Ndizosankha chifukwa ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira geometry inayake ndi zinthu zomwe zimafunikira, makamaka zikaphatikizidwa ndi kuumba mwatsatanetsatane komanso makina ophatikizika. Ndi njira yomwe imapereka mphotho chidziwitso chakuya, chogwirika komanso kulanga njira zazifupi. Zikachitika bwino, ndi mnzake woyenera pa ntchitoyi, zotsatira zake zimakhala zolimba, zimagwira ntchito mwangwiro, komanso moona mtima, zimangowoneka ngati zimayenera kukhala.
