Mukamva 'kuponya mchenga wachitsulo,' chithunzi chomwe chilipo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chowawa, cholemera, komanso chopanda pake. Ndilo lingaliro lolakwika loyamba. Sikuti kungotaya zitsulo zosungunuka m’bokosi la mchenga. Chowonadi ndi njira yosasinthika pomwe kusankha mchenga, binder, ndi mapangidwe a gating kumatengera ngati mupeza gawo lothandiza kapena mulu wa zidutswa. Ambiri amaganiza kuti ndi njira 'yotsika mtengo komanso yauve,' koma pamakina opangira makina olemera, ma valve akuluakulu, kapena zida zina zam'madzi, nthawi zambiri ndiyo njira yokhayo yopezera ndalama zopangira ma voliyumu otsika mpaka apakatikati. Chinyengo sichimangopanga masewero; ikupanga imodzi yomwe imachepetsa makina otsatila ndikukhalitsa muutumiki.
Pakatikati pa Njirayi: Mchenga Si Mchenga Wokha
Tiyeni titenge granular. 'Mchenga' woponyera mchenga wachitsulo nthawi zambiri umakhala silika wochokera kugombe. Kwa chitsulo, chomwe chimatsanulira pa kutentha kwakukulu kuposa chitsulo kapena aluminiyamu, mukufunikira kukhulupirika kosagwirizana. Nthawi zambiri timagwiritsa ntchito mchenga wa chromite kapena mchenga wa zircon pamalo ovuta kwambiri kapena zigawo zolemera kuti tipewe kuwotcha ndi kuwonongeka kwa malo. Ndiwokwera mtengo, koma mtengo wa chilema chapamwamba chomwe chimafuna maola ambiri akugaya kapena kubweretsa njira yotayira mu gawo losunga zopinga ndizokwera kwambiri. Ndawonapo mapulojekiti akulephera chifukwa adayesetsa kusunga $0.50 pa kilo imodzi pamchenga, kungogwiritsa ntchito kakhumi pokonzanso.
The binder system ndi malo ena omenyera nkhondo. Furan resin, phenolic urethane, sodium silicate ndi CO2 - iliyonse ili ndi malonda ake pakati pa mphamvu, kugwedezeka (kofunikira kuti tipewe kung'ambika kotentha muzitsulo), ndi nkhawa zachilengedwe / fungo. Ndi furan, ngati nayitrogeni sakuwongoleredwa pamlingo wazitsulo zomwe mukutsanulira, mutha kupeza mpweya woyipa pansi pakhungu, womwe umangowonekera pambuyo popanga makina. Ndinaphunzira kuti zovuta pa gulu la mpope housings zaka zapitazo.
Kupanga zitsanzo ndi pamene chiphunzitsocho chimakumana ndi zochitika. Kwa chitsulo, chiwongolero cha kuchepa ndi pafupifupi 2% - kuposa chitsulo. Koma si yunifolomu. Geometry yayitali, yotsekeka imatha kuchepa pang'ono, pomwe gawo laulere la cube limakoka zambiri. Mumalipira ndi zomwe mwakumana nazo, nthawi zina mumawonjezera 'olamulira ocheperako' pamapatani. Kwa kampani ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., ndi mbiri yawo yazaka 30, malo osungirako zinthuwa ndi ofunika kwambiri. Ayenera kuti awona momwe magiredi achitsulo amasiyanasiyana m'malo awo ogulitsira, zomwe ndi chidziwitso chosasinthika. Simungapeze izi kuchokera ku chitsanzo cha CAD chokha.
Kumene Kuponyera Mchenga Wachitsulo Kumamveka (Ndipo Kumene Kulibe)
Si njira yapadziko lonse lapansi. Pazojambula zamkati zolondola kwambiri, zokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala, kapena zovuta kwambiri, kupanga ndalama kapena kupanga zipolopolo kungakhale bwinoko. Koma pazigawo zolemera kuyambira 50kg mpaka matani angapo, zokhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta kapena ovuta, kuponya mchenga ndi mfumu. Ganizirani za counterweight kwa excavator, kapena chimango chachikulu cha hydraulic press. Mtengo wa zida (matabwa kapena urethane) ndizotsika, ndipo kusintha kwa mapangidwe ndikosavuta kutengera.
Ndikukumbukira ntchito yopanga zida zamigodi. Iwo ankafunika angapo akusowekapo zida zazikulu, pafupifupi 800kg iliyonse, mu 4140 zitsulo. Lingaliro loyambirira linali lowapanga, koma nthawi yotsogolera ndi mtengo wakufayo zinali zoletsa kuchuluka kwake. Tidapita ndikuponya mchenga, pogwiritsa ntchito mchenga wa chromite kuti tithane ndi vutolo kuti tikwaniritse bwino kwambiri pamagetsi a OD. Chinsinsi chake chinali kamangidwe ka chakudya ndi kukwera kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zizikhala bwino m'chigawo chapakati, chomwe pambuyo pake chidzanyamula mano a gear. Zinagwira ntchito, ndipo mtengo wagawo unali pafupifupi 40% wotsika kuposa mawu achinyengo.
Cholepheretsa, ndithudi, ndi kumaliza pamwamba ndi kulolerana kwa dimensional. Mukuyang'ana mawonekedwe amtundu wa Ra 12.5-25 μm, ndipo kulolerana kuli pamitundu ya ISO 8062 CT 10-13, kutengera kukula. Izi zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kukonzekera zolipirira makina pazinthu zofunika kwambiri za datum ndi malo osindikizira. Aliyense amene amayembekeza kutha kofanana ndi ukonde molunjika kuchokera ku nkhungu yamchenga akudzipangitsa kuti akhumudwe ndipo adzaimba mlandu mopanda chilungamo.
Ulalo Wovuta: Kuchokera Kuponya mpaka Gawo Lomaliza
Apa ndipamene ma foundries ambiri amalephera, ndipo ogulitsa ophatikizana amawonjezera phindu lenileni. Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi mchenga sichikhala chomaliza. Pamafunika makina, nthawi zambiri kutentha kutentha, ndi kuyezetsa. Kukhala ndi luso lamachining m'nyumba, kapena kulumikizana kolimba ngati Mtengo wa QSY amachita ndi magawano awo a CNC Machining, amathetsa kusanjikiza kwakukulu kwa zinthu, kusokoneza, komanso kusamveka bwino.
Pamene bungwe lomwelo lomwe limatsanulira makinawo limapanganso makina, amakhala ndi chidwi chofuna kuponya bwino. Amadziwa komwe madera akucheperako ali, kotero amatha kusintha makina opangira zinthu moyenera. Amamvetsetsa kuthekera kwa mawanga olimba kuchokera kuzizira, kotero amatha kukonza njira za zida ndikusankha zoyikapo kuti agwire. Ndakhala muzochitika zambiri pomwe woyambitsayo amaimba mlandu wopanga makina kuti 'asayeretse,' ndipo katswiri wamakina amadzudzula mazikowo kuti ndi 'malo ovuta komanso opanda kanthu.' Ndi kuzungulira kwapoizoni komwe kumapha ntchito.
Za zipangizo monga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kapena ma aloyi apadera amenewo Mtengo wa QSY kutchula - kutengera nickel kapena cobalt - kuphatikiza uku ndikofunikira kwambiri. Ma alloys awa ndi olimba ku makina komanso okwera mtengo. Chilema choponyera chomwe chimawononga gawo pambuyo pa 80% ya makinawo ndikuwonongeka kwakukulu kwachuma. Malingaliro oyambira ayenera kufalikira kudzera mu unyolo wonse wamtengo wapatali.
Misampha Yodziwika ndi Momwe Mungaipewere
Cold shuts ndi mistruns ndi nkhani zachikale ndi zitsulo mu nkhungu mchenga. Chitsulo chimataya kutentha msanga. Ngati gating system ndi yayitali kwambiri kapena yopyapyala, kapena kutentha kothirako kumatha ngakhale pang'ono pang'ono, chitsulocho chimatha kuzizira chisanadzaze nkhungu. Njira yothetsera vutoli sikungowonjezera kutentha - zomwe zingayambitse mavuto ena monga kuchepa kwakukulu ndi kukokoloka kwa nkhungu. Ndi za kupanga ma gating system okhala ndi malo otsekera oyenera, pogwiritsa ntchito ma ingate angapo, ndipo nthawi zina amatenthetsa zisankho zazikulu kwambiri, zovuta.
Shrinkage porosity ndi chilombo china chachikulu. Chitsulo chimakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa volumetric shrinkage. Mufunika zowukira (zodyetsa) zomwe zimakhala zazikulu mokwanira komanso zoyikidwa bwino kuti zidyetse zitsulo zamadzimadzi kumalo olimba mpaka zitalimba. Kuyerekeza kwamakompyuta kumathandizira tsopano, koma kumafunikirabe kutsimikiziridwa. Nthawi ina tidafanizira thupi la valve, ndipo pulogalamuyo idati tikufuna zokwera zitatu. Kutengera ntchito yofananira yam'mbuyomu, tidagwiritsa ntchito zinayi zazing'ono m'malo osiyanasiyana. Kuponyedwa kwathupi kunali komveka; kuyerekezera kunali kolakwika pang'ono ndi kuzizira kwapakati pa mchenga wina. Zochitika zikadali trumps koyera chiphunzitso.
Kuyenda pang'onopang'ono pamayendedwe opanga ndikupha kochenjera. Mitundu yamatabwa imatha kuyamwa chinyezi ndikutupa. Njira yodzipangira yokha ikhoza kukhala ndi kusinthasintha - kuphatikizika kwa mchenga, kusuntha kwapakati. Pantchito yomwe imatenga nthawi yayitali, ndikwanzeru kukonza cheke chanthawi ndi nthawi kuti chiwongolerocho chikhale chofunikira musanayambe kupanga gulu lonselo. Imapulumutsa dziko la zowawa.
Kuyang'ana Chithunzi Chachikulu
Ndiye, kodi mchenga wachitsulo ukuponya luso lakufa? Ayi konse. Zikuyenda. Zofunikira pakutengera kutentha ndi kulimba sizisintha, koma zida zowazungulira zimasintha. Machitidwe abwino obwezeretsa mchenga amapanga nzeru za chilengedwe ndi zachuma. Kusindikiza kwa 3D kwa nkhungu zamchenga ndi ma cores ndikutsegula zitseko za ma prototyping ndi ma geometri ovuta omwe kale anali zosatheka ndi machitidwe azikhalidwe, ngakhale pakupanga kwakukulu, chuma chimakondabe zida wamba.
Phindu lenileni, m'malingaliro mwanga, lili m'mabungwe omwe amawatenga ngati yankho lopangidwa mwaluso osati chinthu. Ndizokhudza kumvetsetsa ulendo wonse wa gawolo, kuchokera ku chitsanzo cha CAD mpaka chomaliza, chopangidwa ndi makina pamsonkhano wamakasitomala. Ogulitsa omwe amapereka izi, kuphatikiza njira monga kuponyera ndi kukonza molondola pansi pa denga limodzi, zimapereka kudalirika komwe kumakhala kovuta kufananiza. Mukayang'ana zomwe kampani ikupereka, monga nkhungu yophatikizika ya chipolopolo, kuponya ndalama, ndi ntchito zama makina a CNC zofotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane. https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, imawonetsa kuthekera kosamalira osati kutsanulira kokha, koma kukwaniritsidwa kwa gawo logwira ntchito. Ndiko kumene makampani akulowera.
Pamapeto pake, zopambana zitsulo mchenga kuponyera ndi kukambirana - pakati pa wopanga ndi woyambitsa injiniya, pakati pa metallurgist ndi makina. Ndizokhudza kuyang'anira zoyembekeza, kumvetsetsa kunyengerera, ndikugwiritsa ntchito zaka zambiri zamagulu, nthawi zina zowawa, kusintha zitsulo zosungunuka kukhala chinthu cholimba komanso chodalirika. Izo siziri chabe za mchenga.
