Wina akati 'zigawo zopangira zitsulo,' ambiri amaganiza za chitsulo chomwe chimakwanira bwino chithunzicho. Ndipamene vuto limayambira. Nkhani yeniyeni siili m'gulu lazinthu papepala - ili m'mawu omwe gawo limapanga pamene mukulijambula, kapangidwe kake kamene kali pansi pa microscope pambuyo pa kuyesa kulephera, ndi kutsutsana kosatha pakati pa 'zabwino zokwanira' ndi 'zidzagwira kwa zaka khumi.' Zopanda banga? Ndicho chirombo china kwathunthu; sikuli chabe 'chitsulo chosachita dzimbiri.' Ndawona ntchito zambiri zikuyimitsidwa chifukwa cholinga chake chinali pa chemistry osati pa njira yomwe imatembenuza chemistry kukhala gawo logwira ntchito, lodalirika.
Masewera a Shell: Kulondola Sikungokhudza Kulekerera
Timathamanga kwambiri chipolopolo nkhungu kuponyera kuno. Anthu amachisankha kuti chikhale chovuta komanso chomaliza bwino, koma nthawi zambiri amaphonya gawo lofunikira la pre-cast. Kusakaniza kwa mchenga wa utomoni, nthawi yochiritsa, makulidwe a chipolopolo - ndi njira, osati malo okhazikika. Gulu la zipolopolo zomwe zimachiritsidwa pa tsiku lachinyontho zimagwira ntchito mosiyana. Nthawi ina tinali ndi kuthamanga kwa 316L zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kuponya zigawo kwa zida za m'madzi pomwe zipolopolozo sizinachiritsidwe pang'ono. Chotsatira chake sichinali kulephera koopsa; chinali chobisika pamwamba pa malo osafunikira, pafupifupi ngati peel lalanje. Ziwalozo zidadutsa macheke am'mbali koma zikuwoneka kuti ndizosauka. Wothandizirayo anali wosasangalala. Sikunali kulephera kwakuthupi; kunali kukhudzika kwa ndondomeko zomwe sitinaziteteze mokwanira. Ndicho chinthu: ndondomeko ya nkhungu ndi gawo la ntchito yomaliza ya zinthuzo.
Kupanga ndalama kumapeza chikondi chochulukirapo chifukwa cha kulondola kwake, koma kumayambitsa mitundu yakeyake. Ndondomeko ya phula, mapindikidwe a matope, njira yochotsera phula - sitepe iliyonse imatha kuyambitsa kupsinjika kapena kupotoza pang'ono chitsulo chilichonse chisanatsanulidwe. Kwa ma alloys apamwamba kwambiri, izi ndizofunikira. Kusagwirizana pakukulitsa kwamafuta pakati pa chipolopolo cha ceramic ndi chitsulo panthawi yozizira kungayambitse kung'ambika kotentha. Nthawi zonse sumaziwona ndi maso. Itha kuwoneka pambuyo pake pakukonza kapena kupsinjika. Zotengera? Kufotokozera za kuyika ndalama si matsenga. Muyenera kufotokozera, kapena kugwira ntchito ndi maziko omwe amamvetsetsa, unyolo wonse.
Apa ndipamene zokumana nazo m'masitolo nthawi yayitali zimafunikira. Kampani ngati Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), ndi zaka 30 akugwira ntchito yojambula ndi kupanga makina, mwachionekere awona kulephera kosaoneka bwino kumeneku kambirimbiri. Mbiri imeneyo singotengera malonda; ndi laibulale yamalingaliro ya zomwe zingasokonezeke. Zimatanthauzira momwe amakhazikitsira njira zawo. Sikuti amangothira zitsulo m’mphako; amayang'anira kachitidwe ka matenthedwe ndi mankhwala kuchokera papateni kupita ku gawo lomaliza.
Zofunika Ndi Poyambira, Osati Chitsimikizo
Makasitomala amatitumizira zolemba: ASTM A351 CF8M kapena AISI 4140. Ndilo gawo losavuta. Chovuta kwambiri ndikudziwa kuti CF8M (yofanana ndi 316 zosapanga dzimbiri) kuchokera ku sungunula imodzi imatha kukhala yosiyana ndi ina yotengera deoxidation mchitidwe, kuthira kutentha, komanso kusakaniza kwazitsulo kupita kung'anjo. Tinapanga matupi a valve kamodzi komwe moyo wa chida unali wosagwirizana kwambiri. Ma cert anali angwiro. Pansi pa kukula, kusiyana kwa kugawa kwa carbide kunali koonekeratu. Chemistry yosungunuka inali 'mwachidziwitso,' koma nkhani yolimba sinali yabwino.
Izi ndi zoona makamaka kwa otchedwa ma aloyi apadera-Zopangidwa ndi cobalt, zopangidwa ndi faifi tambala. Kutaya kwawo ndizovuta kwambiri poyerekeza ndi chitsulo cha carbon. Amakhala owoneka bwino, amakonda tsankho, ndipo amadana ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha. Kupambana ndi zipangizozi ndizochepa pokhala ndi ng'anjo komanso zambiri za kukhala ndi chipiriro ndi ndondomeko. Ndi za kuthira koyendetsedwa, nthawi zina ngakhale vacuum kapena argon shielding, ndi dongosolo lapadera la kasamalidwe ka matenthedwe pakuzizira. Simungachifulumire. Ntchito yofulumira pa gawo la Hastelloy C idzasweka, yotsimikizika. Mtengo wake suli mu zopangira; zili mu nthawi ndi malo olamulidwa omwe akufunika kuti akonze.
Kugwira ntchito ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuchokera chitsulo chachitsulo ku ma alloys a nickel, amakukakamizani kuti mukhazikitsenso malingaliro anu pa ntchito iliyonse. Zomwe zimagwirira ntchito panyumba yapampopi yachitsulo zimawononga gawo lopanda banga la super duplex. Malo omwe amathandizira kufalikira uku, monga momwe QSY imanenera, amayenera kugwira ntchito ngati mashopu apadera angapo pansi padenga limodzi. Malingaliro a chitsulo chotuwira amasiyana kwambiri ndi malingaliro a zitsulo kuponyera zigawo mu utumiki wowononga.
Handoff: Pamene Casting Ikumana ndi CNC
Iyi ndi nthawi yodzipangira kapena yopuma yomwe oyambitsa masewera ambiri amanyalanyaza. Mwapanga zokongola, zowoneka bwino 'zapafupi'. Tsopano izo zikupita ku makina pansi. Ngati gulu la makina silinayimbidwe munjira yoponya, iwo amadzudzula vuto lililonse pa foundry, ndi mosemphanitsa. Ine ndakhala ndiri mu misonkhano imene inali chabe: masewera olakwa. Akatswiri amapeza malo ovuta omwe amawononga chida-kodi ndi mchenga kapena kuzizira? Ofufuzawo akuti chojambulacho chinafuna kuti gawolo likhale lolimba.
Zophatikizidwa CNC makina ndi mwayi waukulu, koma pokhapokha ngati kuyankhulana kukugwirizananso. Zochitika zabwino kwambiri ndi pamene woyang'anira makina amatha kubwerera kumalo osungiramo makina ndikunena kuti, Hei, tikuwona porosity yosasunthika pamalowa pagawo lachitatu, ndipo anyamata oyambitsa akhoza kuyang'ana nthawi yomweyo khomo kapena chokwera chokwera pamalopo. Ndi nthawi yeniyeni, mayankho othandiza. Pamene kuponyera ndi kupanga ndi magulu osiyana, njira yobwerezabwereza imakhala yochedwa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsutsana.
Tinaphunzira izi kudzera m'magulu angapo a kupompa. Zojambulazo zinali zabwino, koma panthawi yotopetsa, tinkacheza pang'ono. Nkhani sinali makina kapena kukula kwake. Kunali kupsinjika kotsalira mu kuponya zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kuchokera kuzizira kosagwirizana. Yankho lake silinali kusintha kamangidwe kake kwambiri; kunali kuwonjezera njira yochepetsera kugwedezeka kwamphamvu musanayambe kupanga makina olemera. Gulu la foundry silinaganizirepo chifukwa gawoli lidakumana. Gulu lopanga makina limangoganiza kuti zinthuzo zinali 'zolimba.' Kuthetsa kusiyana kumeneko kunathetsa. Wothandizira omwe amapereka ntchito zonse ziwiri mwachibadwa ali ndi mwayi wothetsa mavutowa.
Kulephera Ndi Mphunzitsi Wabwino Kuposa Kuthamanga Kwangwiro
Tiyeni tikambirane zenizeni. Makasitomala ankafuna choyikapo choponderetsa chamwano chamankhwala slurry. Zida zidatchulidwa ngati chitsulo choyera cha chromium chothandizira kukana ma abrasion. Tinachiponya, kuchipanga makina, chinkawoneka changwiro. Izo zinalephera m'munda mu masabata, kusweka kuchokera likulu kunja. Post-mortem inasonyeza kuti ming'aluyo inali yophulika, osati kuvala. Tinkangoyang'ana kwambiri pakukana kwa abrasion ndipo sitinanyalanyaze zomwe zimachitika komanso kugwedezeka kwamafuta. Kukonza sikunali njira yosiyana yoponyera; Chitsulo cholimba kwambiri, chosalimba kwambiri chokhala ndi zokutira zoteteza. Tinapambana kuyitanitsanso chifukwa tinaphunzira ndikupereka kusanthula kwazitsulo. Wogulayo adatikhulupirira kwambiri pambuyo polephera, chifukwa tinamvetsetsa chifukwa chake zinalephera.
Zochitika izi zimapanga zomwe mumayang'ana. Ndikaona mbiri ya kampani tsopano, sindichita chidwi kwambiri ndi zithunzi zonyezimira komanso kuchita chidwi kwambiri ndi ziwalo zocholoŵana, zooneka modabwitsa—zimene zinali zovuta. Omwe mwina anali ndi zolephera kapena ziwiri m'mbiri yawo. Umenewo ndi ukatswiri weniweni. Ndi kusiyana pakati pa sitolo yomwe imatsatira malangizo ndi yomwe imapereka chiweruzo.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake, poyesa bwenzi lomwe lingakhalepo, zaka zawo zogwira ntchito ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga zaka 30+ ndi chidziwitso chochuluka cha alloy chotchulidwa ndi Mtengo wa QSY, zimasonyeza kuzama kumene kumabwera chifukwa chokumana ndi—ndi kuthetsa—mavuto osakhala a m’mabuku ameneŵa. Mwina atumiza magawo ena omwe sananyadire nawo, koyambirira, ndipo zomwe zidawachitikira zimadziwitsa momwe akuwongolera.
Tsatanetsatane Waunsexy Wofunika Kwambiri
Pomaliza, palibe amene amasangalala ndi mapangidwe a gating ndi kukwera, koma ndi mtima wa nyimbo zomveka. Sikuti amangodyetsa zitsulo; ndi za kulimba kolunjika. Mukufuna kuti gawolo likhale lolimba kuchokera kutali kwambiri kubwerera ku chokwera, kotero kuti shrinkage porosity imathera mu chokwera, osati gawolo. Kwa wandiweyani chitsulo kuponyera gawo ngati zida zopanda kanthu, izi ndizofunikira. Zilakwitseni, ndipo mumapeza malo apakati omwe amatha kudutsa UT ngati ali ochepa, koma adzapha moyo wotopa.
Tsatanetsatane wina wosasangalatsa: chithandizo cha kutentha pambuyo poponyedwa. Pazitsulo zambiri za carbon ndi low-alloy, ndizofunikira kuti muchepetse kupsinjika ndi kukonzanso dongosolo. Koma kuzungulira kuli kofunika. Mofulumira kwambiri, ndipo mumakhazikitsa zovuta zatsopano. Kuchedwa kwambiri, ndipo mukuwononga mphamvu. Kwa zosapanga dzimbiri, makamaka magiredi ngati 17-4 PH, chithandizo cha kutentha ndi gawo lofotokozera katundu. Simumangotenthetsa ndi kuziziritsa; mukukalamba kuti muyambe kuuma. Kuphonya kutentha kapena nthawi, ndipo makina amazimitsa, ngakhale kuponya kunali kwangwiro.
Uku ndiye kuchita bwino zitsulo / zosapanga dzimbiri kuponya mbali. Ndi unyolo wa zisankho zazing'ono zana, kuchokera ku sitolo yachitsanzo kupita ku ng'anjo yotentha. Palibe matsenga amodzi. Ndi za kusasinthasintha, kukhala tcheru, ndi laibulale yakuya, nthawi zina yowawa ya zotsatira zakale. Cholinga sichimangotenga mbali; ndi kupanga gawo lomwe limasowa mu msonkhano wa kasitomala ndikugwira ntchito, mosagwirizana, kwa zaka zambiri. Ichi ndiye chizindikiro chenicheni cha kupambana, ndipo ndizomwe zimalekanitsa wogulitsa magawo ndi mnzake weniweni wopanga.
