Wina akati 'mitundu ya zitsulo za ufa,' maganizo ambiri amalumphira molunjika ku makina osindikizira-ndi-sinter. Ndilo kavalo wantchito, zedi, koma ndi chipata choyambira chabe. Kukambirana kwenikweni kumayamba mukafunsa kuti: ntchito yomaliza ya gawoli ndi chiyani? Kodi ndi chitsamba chosavuta, chocheperako, kapena ndi gawo la turbine lomwe likuwona kutentha kwakukulu ndi mphamvu zozungulira? Kusiyanitsa kumeneko kumakuchotsani ku nthambi imodzi yaukadaulo kupita ku ina kwathunthu. Ndawonapo mapangidwe ambiri akubwera pomwe mainjiniya adatchula zamtundu wazinthu koma anali asanalimbane mokwanira ndi momwe njira yopangira imakhudzira moyo wa kutopa kapena kukhazikika kwa mawonekedwe. Mpata umenewo pakati pa chitsanzo cha CAD ndi chowonadi cha sintered ndi pamene mitundu yeniyeni yazitsulo za ufa zimakhala.
Press ndi Sinter: Baseline ndi Malire Ake Osaoneka
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi yomwe ili paliponse. Mumatenga ufa wachitsulo, womwe nthawi zambiri umasakanikirana ndi chitsulo ndi mkuwa, faifi tambala, ndi graphite opangidwa kale kapena osakanikirana, ndikuupanikiza mukufa kolimba kutentha kwa firiji, kenako ndikuwotcha mu ng'anjo yoyendetsedwa bwino. Zomangira zimapanga kudzera mu kufalikira kwa boma. Ndiwothandiza modabwitsa pakupanga kwamphamvu kwambiri, kupanga mawonekedwe. Magiya, sprockets, zida zomangira mu zida -zitsanzo zosawerengeka.
Koma apa pali nsomba zomwe aliyense amanyalanyaza: kachulukidwe. Makina osindikizira-ndi-sinter nthawi zambiri amakhala pamwamba pa 92-95% ya kachulukidwe kazinthu. porosity yotsalayo ndiyabwino pamagwiritsidwe ambiri, koma imapha zinthu zosinthika. Kupindika kwamphamvu kwa kutopa kumachepa mokhumudwitsa molawirira. Ndikukumbukira pulojekiti yopangira makina opangira ma hydraulic pomwe ma prototypes oyambira ku shopu ya P/M adalephera mwachangu kuposa chitsulo chopangidwa chofanana pakuyezetsa kupirira. Choyambitsa sichinali chemistry yakuthupi; anali makutu ang'onoang'ono aja omwe amagwira ntchito ngati zolimbikitsa kupsinjika. Tinayenera kusintha maganizo athu.
Apa ndipamene machitidwe a alloy ndi mafuta amafunikira kwambiri. FN-0205 (chitsulo chokhala ndi nickel 2% ndi 0.5% graphite) idzachita mosiyana kwambiri ndi FC-0208 (yomwe ili ndi 2% yamkuwa) panthawi ya sintering, zomwe zimakhudza kusintha kwa dimensional ndi mphamvu zomaliza. Ndipo mame a m'ng'anjo yanu? Zofunikira pakuchepetsa kwa oxide, makamaka ndi zinthu monga chromium kapena manganese. Pezani cholakwika, ndipo muli ndi gawo lophwanyika. Si njira chabe; ndi kuyesa kwa chemistry pansi pa kutentha.
Pamene Kachulukidwe Sikambitsirana: Kumangirira kwachitsulo ndi Kupitilira
Nanga bwanji ngati mungafunike kachulukidwe kokwanira komanso mawonekedwe ovuta kuti makina opangira ma bar angawononge 80% yazinthuzo? Ndiwo malo a Metal Injection Molding (MIM). Mukusakaniza bwino kwambiri, ufa wozungulira ndi polima binder, jekeseni ndikuwumba ngati pulasitiki, kenako chotsani chomangiracho mosamala (debinding) musanayike. Gawolo limachepa kwambiri - pafupifupi 15-20% - koma mofanana ngati chakudya chanu chili chofanana. Mumakwaniritsa zochulukira kuposa 98%, nthawi zambiri pafupifupi 99%.
Kukongola kwa MIM kuli mwatsatanetsatane ngati ulusi wamkati, mafupi, ndi makoma owonda. Tidagwiritsa ntchito gawo la chida chopangira opaleshoni, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 17-4 PH gawo ndi makina ovuta a latch. Kupanga zida kunali kowopsa kwa zida ndi kusweka kwa zida. MIM idachipanga kukhala gawo limodzi, ngati-sintered. Koma Mdierekezi ali m’kumanga. Ngati chomangiracho sichichotsedwa mofanana, mumapeza ming'alu kapena matuza. Kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono, kosavuta, osati ntchito yankhanza.
Izi zikugwirizana ndi nthambi ina: Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP). Nthawi zina mumagwiritsa ntchito paokha ndi ufa mu chidebe (chotengera HIPing), koma nthawi zambiri, ndi njira yachiwiri kutseka porosity yotsalira mu gawo la sintered. Timatenga ma valavu ovuta opangidwa kudzera pa press-and-sinter ndikuwayika kupyolera mu HIP cycle-high argon pressure pa kutentha kwakukulu. Imafinya ma pores amkati atsekeka, ndikuwongolera kwambiri ductility ndi kukhulupirika kwawo. Imawonjezera mtengo, koma pazinthu zamafuta & gasi, ndi tikiti yoti muyenerere.
Njira Yopangira: Powder Forging ndi Niche Yake
Ndiye pali ufa kupanga. Mumapanga preform mwa kukanikiza wamba, ndiye kutenga sintered (kapena nthawi zina unsintered) preform ndi otentha kupanga izo mu chatsekedwa kufa. Izi zimakwaniritsa kachulukidwe wathunthu komanso zida zabwino zamakina, pafupi ndi ma forgings opangidwa. Zokolola zakuthupi ndizopambana. Zakhala zopita kuzinthu zamagalimoto zopanikizika kwambiri monga ndodo zolumikizira.
Koma mtengo wa zida ndizofunika kwambiri, ndipo mufunika kuchuluka kuti mutsimikizire. Kasamalidwe ka matenthedwe ndizovuta - kutengera preform pa kutentha koyenera kuti apange popanda sikelo kapena decarburization. Ndawonapo zoyeserera pomwe mapangidwe olakwika adapangitsa kuti apange mikungwi (laps), cholakwika chomwe chili chowopsa kwambiri pagawo losinthika. Ndi mtundu wamphamvu wazitsulo za ufa, koma zimafuna kulemekeza luso lopanga zinthu monga sayansi ya ufa.
Kupanga Zowonjezera: Frontier Yatsopano M'banja
Simungathe kuyankhula za mitundu lero popanda kukhudza kupanga zowonjezera, kapena Powder Bed Fusion. Selective Laser Melting (SLM), Electron Beam Melting (EBM). Uwu ndi zitsulo za ufa m'lingaliro lenileni: kumanga gawo limodzi ndi wosanjikiza posungunula ufa ndi mphamvu yolunjika. Kachulukidwe amatha kukhala 99.9%+ ngati magawo amayimbidwa.
Ufuluwu ndi wosinthika, koma mapeto a pamwamba ndi kupsinjika kwamkati ndizochita malonda. The monga-osindikizidwa pamwamba ali khalidwe roughness kuchokera pang'ono anasungunuka ufa particles, amene ndi woopsa kutopa ngati sanalandire chithandizo. Ndipo kupsinjika kotsalira kuchokera pakuwotcha mwachangu ndi kuziziritsa kumafuna kupumula kupsinjika kapena kutentha kwa isostatic. Tidaziyesa kuti ndi kamangidwe kake, kocheperako ku Qingdao Qiangsenyuan. Geometry inali yabwino kwa izo, koma chifukwa cha kukhulupirika kwa pamwamba ndi mtengo wofunikira pa gawo lililonse pa voliyumu yathu, pamapeto pake tidapita ndikuyika ndalama pakuyendetsa kwa prototype. AM chinali chida chabwino kwambiri, koma pantchitoyi, sichinali chida choyenera. Ndiko kusiyanitsa kwakukulu.
Kumene Kuponyera ndi Powder Metallurgy Roads Cross
Izi zimandibweretsa ku tangent yoyenera. Pa Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., ndi zaka makumi ambiri mu zipolopolo ndi kupanga ndalama, kukambirana kaŵirikaŵiri kumasanduka ntchito zakuthupi. Pamene kasitomala akufunikira gawo lapamwamba la nickel-based superalloy pa ntchito yotentha kwambiri, kusankha pakati pa kuponya ndalama ndi njira yazitsulo ya ufa monga HIP imakhala pakati. Kuponyera kumatha kugwira mawonekedwe akulu, ovuta mokongola, koma kapangidwe ka tirigu ndi kuthekera kwa micro-porosity ndi malire. Ufa HIPing imakupatsani mawonekedwe abwino, ofanana, makamaka isotropic. Chigamulocho chimatengera kukula, zovuta, zofunikira za katundu, ndi kukula kwake. Nthawi zina, yankho labwino kwambiri ndi losakanizidwa: kugwiritsa ntchito preform ndikuyika zokutira zotengedwa ndi ufa kudzera kupopera kwamafuta kuti musavale. Sikuti wina ali bwino; ndi za kuphatikiza koyenera kwa njira.
Chonyalanyazidwa: Ufa Wokha
Mitundu yonseyi imadalira pa chiyambi: ufa. Gasi atomized, madzi atomized, plasma rotated electrode process (PREP) -njira yopangira imatanthawuza mawonekedwe a tinthu, kukula kwake, ndi microstructure yamkati. Kwa MIM, mumafunika tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayenda bwino komanso kunyamula. Pakuti ochiritsira kukanikiza, osasamba, madzi-atomized particles interlock bwino kwa wobiriwira mphamvu. Ngati mukugwira ntchito ndi ma aloyi osinthika ngati titaniyamu kapena ma aloyi apadera a QSY (opangidwa ndi cobalt, nickel), kugwiritsira ntchito ufa pansi pa mlengalenga sikungakambirane. Oxygen pickup ndi wakupha mwakachetechete wa ductility.
Ndinaphunzira izi movutirapo kale. Gulu la 316L ufa wosapanga dzimbiri la MIM linali ndi chinyezi chochulukirapo kuposa momwe zimakhalira. Zinapangitsa kupatukana kwa ufa womangirira pakuwumba, zomwe zimatsogolera ku ma voids omwe amangowonekera pambuyo pakuwotcha. Gulu lonse linali lopanda kanthu. Ufa ndiye maziko. Cholakwika sichingakonzedwe kumtunda.
Choncho, ndikaganizira za 'mitundu yazitsulo za ufa,' ndimaganizira za mtengo wosankha. Yambani ndi ntchito ya gawolo, zofunikira za katundu, geometry yake, ndi mtengo wovomerezeka. Njira imeneyo imakufikitsani ku ufa woyenera ndi njira yoyenera yophatikizira. Izo konse mndandanda wa options; ndi mndandanda wa luso ndi zachuma malonda-offs, ndi mzimu wa porosity kubisalira kusankha kulikonse. Cholinga chake ndikusankha njira yomwe imapangitsa kuti mzimuwo uzimiririka, kapena kuupangitsa kuti ukhale wopanda vuto pa moyo womwe gawolo likufuna.
