Mukudziwa, anthu ambiri akamva mawu akuti "valve body," amajambula chipika cholemera chomwe chabowoledwa. Ndiko kulakwitsa kwakukulu koyamba. Mu ntchito yathu ku Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., tawona kuti malingaliro amatsogolera ku mitundu yonse ya zovuta zapansi - kuvala msanga, kutayikira, kulephera kwa dongosolo latsoka. Zoona zake n’zakuti, a thupi la valve ndiye chassis yoyambira; umphumphu wake umalamulira chilichonse. Sikuti amangokhala ndi kukakamiza; ndi za njira zolondola zoyenda, kukhazikika kwamafuta pansi pa ma gradients openga, ndi kukana dzimbiri kuchokera ku media zomwe simungakhulupirire. Kulakwitsa ndikokwera mtengo, ndipo ndili ndi zida zowonongeka kuti nditsimikizire.
Kutaya Conundrum: Kumene Zonse Zimayambira (kapena Kuyima)
Aliyense akufuna kulumpha molunjika ku kulolerana kwa makina a CNC. Ndikumva, ndiye gawo lachigololo. Koma ngati kutaya kwanu kuli zinyalala, palibe makina apamwamba angapulumutse. Apa ndipamene zaka zathu makumi atatu mu nkhungu za zipolopolo ndi kuyika ndalama zimaluma. Za a thupi la valve zopangira nthunzi yothamanga kwambiri kapena mankhwala owononga, kumveka kwamkati sikungatheke. Mphuno ya microscopic shrinkage yomwe simungawone pa X-ray? Ndiko kutopa kwamtsogolo komwe kukuyembekezera kuchitika. Tidaphunzira izi movutikira koyambirira ndi gulu la kasitomala wa petrochemical. Ziwalozo zidapambana mayeso oyambira, koma zidalephera in-situ pambuyo pa matenthedwe ochepa. Chifukwa chake? Kuzizira kosagwirizana mu gawo lokhuthala la njira yopangira ndalama. Icho sichinali cholakwika cha kapangidwe; chinali njira yowongolera hiccup.
Ndicho chifukwa chake kusankha zinthu sikuli bokosi. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi poyambira, osati yankho. Kodi 304 ya dzimbiri wamba, kapena 316 ya kloridi? Chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri ndi sulfidation, mukuyang'ana Inconel 625 kapena Hastelloy C-276—ma aloyi opangidwa ndi faifi tambalawa timakhala okhazikika. Ndi ma superalloys awa, kutentha kwa kuthirira, nkhungu isanatenthedwe, ndi kuziziritsa kumayenera kukhala kuvina koyenera. Kupatuka pang'ono ndipo mumapeza tsankho, magawo ang'onoang'ono. The thupi la valve Zitha kuwoneka zangwiro, koma zimasweka panthawi ya makina kapena, moyipa, muutumiki. Timathera nthawi yochulukirapo kuti tiyenerere magawo athu amtundu uliwonse wa aloyi yatsopano kuposa momwe timachitira pakupanga kwenikweni kwa nkhani yoyamba.
Ndikukumbukira pulojekiti yogwiritsira ntchito geothermal. Choyimiracho chinafuna chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha duplex thupi la valve. Vuto lake? Kusunga gawo loyandikira la 50/50 austenite-ferrite kudzera pakuponya ndi kutentha kotsatira kuti muphatikize bwino mphamvuyo komanso kukana kuwononga dzimbiri kwa chloride. Kuthamanga kwambiri kozizira, ndipo mumapotoza chiŵerengero. Zinatitengera magulu anayi oyendetsa, kudula zitsanzo za kusanthula kwa metallographic nthawi iliyonse, kuti titseke ndondomekoyi. Mainjiniya a kasitomalayo ankaganiza kuti tinali osamala kwambiri. Mpaka mavavu a mpikisano wawo, otengedwa kuchokera ku mtengo wotsika mtengo, anayamba kulephera mkati mwa chaka. Zathu zidakali m'nthaka.
Machining: Kumene Geometry Imakumana Ndi Zowona
Apa ndipamene pulaniyo imakhala yamoyo, ndipo pamene mutu wambiri umawonekera. Mupeza kuponyedwa kuchokera pansi pa maziko. Zikuwoneka bwino. Kenako mumayiyika pa CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machine) mutatha kugwira ntchito movutikira, ndipo mukuwona kusintha kwakukulu. Mwina ndi theka la mamilimita okha, koma mukakhala ndi maukonde ovuta a ma bore ophatikizika a valve, theka la millimeter ndi tsoka. Ma datamu anu onse azimitsidwa. Kodi mumayesa kuipulumutsa posintha pulogalamu yanu yamakina, zomwe zitha kusokoneza makulidwe a khoma? Kapena mumataya ndalama zokwana $5,000? Awa ndi mafoni atsiku ndi tsiku.
CNC Machining a thupi la valve sikuti kungogunda +/- 0.01mm. Ndi za kutsatana. Kodi mumasindikiza nkhope za flange kaye kuti mukhazikitse datum, kapena mumabowola zibowo zamkati kuti muchepetse kupsinjika? Kwa matupi akuluakulu, ovuta ngati aja a mavavu akuluakulu opatula nthunzi, nthawi zambiri timapanga ma anneal ochepetsa kupsinjika tikamakonza movutikira. Muyenera kusiya katundu wokwanira kotero kuti gawolo litasuntha pang'ono mu ng'anjo, mutha kuliyeretsa pomaliza. Ngati simukukonzekera kuyenda kumeneko, mupeza kuti matumba anu okhala ndi makina omaliza salinso okhazikika.
Tooling strategy ndi wina wakupha mwakachetechete. Kubowola mabowo akuya, opingasa a zida kapena madoko okhetsa magazi muzitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic? Zinthu zimenezo zimakonda kugwira ntchito molimbika. Gwiritsani ntchito chakudya/liwiro lolakwika, kapena kubowola komwe kumakhala koziziritsa pang'ono, ndipo mumayatsa khoma la dzenjelo. Chida chotsatira, ngati chowongolera, chimangotsika pamtunda wowuma, kuwononga m'mimba mwake ndikumaliza. Tidalinganiza magiredi enaake a carbide ndi zida zokhazikika zoziziritsa kuziziritsa pakuchita izi titachotsa mbali zambiri zomwe zidatsala pang'ono kumaliza. Ndi miniti iyi, zosadziwika bwino zomwe zimalekanitsa gawo lomwe limagwira ntchito ndi lomwe limapambana. Mutha kupeza njira zathu zothanirana ndi zovuta zamakina izi patsamba lathu https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, ngakhale nuance yeniyeni nthawi zonse imakhala yokhudzana ndi ntchito.
The Special Alloys Rabbit Hole
Makasitomala amabwera kwa ife Mtengo wa QSY kaŵirikaŵiri chifukwa chakuti iwo afika polekezera zinthu zakuthupi. Zitsulo zokhazikika sizimadula. Apa ndipamene zimakhala zosangalatsa, komanso moona mtima, komwe mumapeza mbiri yanu. Ma aloyi opangidwa ndi Cobalt monga Stellite 6, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mipando yolimba mkati mwawo thupi la valve, perekani chododometsa. Amavala modabwitsa komanso osachita dzimbiri, koma ndizovuta kwambiri pamakina. Amakhala ngati gummy, amasiya zida zodulira, ndipo amatulutsa kutentha kwambiri. Inu simungakhoze basi kuponya muyezo Ikani pa izo.
Tidayenera kupanga ma protocol athunthu: kuthamanga kwambiri, ma feed apamwamba, zida zapadera zokhala ndi ma rake abwino kwambiri, komanso zoziziritsa kukhosi zopatsirana kwambiri kuti zithyole chip ndikuchotsa kutentha. Nthawi zina, pamitundu yovuta kwambiri, timasiya makina achikhalidwe kuti akupera kapena EDM (Electrical Discharge Machining) pazinthu zina. Mfundo ndi yakuti, zinthu za thupi la valve palokha, kapena ma aloyi omwe mukupangiramo, amawongolera njira yonse yopangira. Palibe pulogalamu ya CNC yamtundu umodzi. Ndi njira yokhazikika yosinthira.
Ndipo si makina chabe. Kuwotcherera mphuno kapena chigamba chokonzera pa aloyi wopangidwa ndi faifi tambala thupi la valve amafuna kuchitidwa opaleshoni mwatsatanetsatane. Pre-heat, interpass heat control, mawaya enieni odzaza, ndi PWHT yolimba (Post-Weld Heat Treatment) kuti abwezeretse mawonekedwe a microstructure. Konzani sitepe iliyonse, ndipo mumapanga malo ofooka omwe amatha kulephera kuposa cholakwika choyambirira. Timasunga selo lodzipatulira kuti likonze zowotcherera mwatsatanetsatane chifukwa ndizovuta kwambiri, luso lapadera. Si ntchito ya fakitale; ili pafupi ndi luso lazitsulo.
Kuyesa & Mzimu M'makina
Kuwunika komaliza ndi komwe chidaliro chanu chimayesedwa, osati gawo lokha. Kuyesa kwa hydro-kukakamiza kwa 1.5x ndikokhazikika, inde. Koma ndiye chithunzi chodutsa / cholephera. Izo sizimakuuzani za kukwawa kwa nthawi yayitali mu ntchito yotentha kwambiri, kapena moyo wotopa. Kwa mapulogalamu ovuta, timakankhira zambiri. Dye penetrant test (PT) pamalo onse opangidwa ndi makina kuti apeze ming'alu yapamtunda. Kuyesa kwa Magnetic particle (MT) pazinthu za ferritic. Koma mulingo wa golide, makamaka pakuyika ndalama zochulukirapo, ndikuyesa kwa radiographic (RT).
Mukuyang'ana zolakwika zamkati - kuchepa, porosity, inclusions. Njira zovomerezera pamiyezo ya ASTM E ndi zankhanza, ndipo ziyenera kukhala. Ndavomereza mafilimu a RT komwe kuponyedwa kunali ndi kagulu kakang'ono, kokhazikika kokhazikika kutali ndi malire aliwonse opanikizika kapena kupsinjika. Mwaukadaulo, zitha kupitilira zotayirira. Koma ngati ndi dzina langa pa certification, ndipo ine ndikulingalira izo thupi la valve pamtengo wa Khrisimasi wapansi pa nyanja kapena mzere woziziritsa nyukiliya, nthawi zambiri ndimakana. Ndi kuitana chiweruzo. Mtengo wokonzanso si kanthu poyerekeza ndi mtengo wa kulephera kwa munda. Makhalidwe osamala awa amawotchera m'ntchito zathu ku QSY, obadwa kuchokera zaka 30+ zowona zomwe zingasokonekera.
Ndiye pali dimensionals. Lipoti la CMM ndi manambala chabe. Muyenera kuwerenga. Ngati ma diameter onse ali ofanana koma akuwonetsa taper pang'ono, zikutanthauza chiyani? Mwinamwake chidacho chinapatuka. Mwina pali kupsinjika kotsalira. Zitha kukhala zovomerezeka, koma zimawonetsa kusakhazikika kwa gawo lotsatira. Ubwino sikungodutsa; ndizokhudza kumvetsetsa malire a chiphasocho ndi zomwe zikuchitika. Timawona lipoti loyendera nkhani yoyamba ngati chikalata chazamalamulo.
Bwererani ku Chithunzi Chachikulu
Chifukwa chake, zitatha izi zonse - mikangano ya alloy, kuyesa koyesa, kupweteka kwamutu, kuwunika koyang'ana - muli ndi chiyani? Muli ndi a thupi la valve. Chigawo chabe. Koma ndi gawo lomwe limaphatikizapo zisankho zambiri, ukatswiri, ndipo, inde, pang'ono za paranoia. Si katundu. Mukachokera ku shopu ngati yathu, sikuti mukungogula mawonekedwe opangidwa ndi makina. Mukugula zaka zambiri zosamala zomwe zidatipangitsa kuti tithamangitse kuwombera kowonjezera kwa RT, kufunitsitsa kutaya ndi kuyambitsanso, komanso chidziwitso chodziwikiratu cha momwe tchipisi ta alloy zochokera ku cobalt ziyenera kuwoneka zikatuluka bwino.
Makampaniwa ali ndi masitolo omwe amatha kupanga mawonekedwe omwe amawoneka ngati a thupi la valve. Chinyengo chikupanga chomwe chimasowa m'dongosolo kwa zaka 30 ndikungogwira ntchito, kuyiwalika. Ndicho cholinga. Zimayamba ndi kulemekeza zovuta zobisika m'mawu osavuta, thupi la valve, ndikutha ndi gawo la ngalawa kapena chomera chomwe palibe amene ayenera kuganizira kawiri. Ndilo metric yopambana kwenikweni, kupitilira satifiketi yoyendera.
