Mukamva 'zigawo zosamva kuvala', anthu ambiri nthawi yomweyo amaganiza za kuuma. Rockwell uyu, Brinell uyo. Ndi nambala yoyamba yomwe aliyense amafunsa, ndipo moona mtima, ndi poyambira bwino. Koma ngati mwakhala mumasewerawa nthawi yayitali, mukudziwa kuti ndipamene kukambirana kwenikweni kumayambira, osatha. Ndawona ma projekiti ambiri akuyimitsidwa chifukwa wina adayitanitsa gawo potengera kuuma kwa kalozera, ndikulephera pakatha milungu ingapo. Zoona zake n'zakuti, kuvala si mdani m'modzi; ndi kuphatikiza kwa abrasion, kukhudza, kumamatira, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimbiri, zonse zimavina limodzi pamalo ovuta. Kuchitenga ngati vuto limodzi ndilo vuto lalikulu, komanso lokwera mtengo kwambiri, lomwe mungapange.
The Material Maze: Sizimangokhudza Chitsulo
Kotero mukufunikira chinachake cholimba. Chidziwitso chanu choyamba chingakhale kupita ku chitsulo chapamwamba cha chromium kapena chitsulo chachitsulo. Zosankha zabwino, pazogwiritsa ntchito zina. Koma tiyerekeze kuti mukuchita ndi slurry pump impeller. Muli ndi zolimba zothamanga kwambiri zomwe zikuyenda pamwamba, komanso zomwe zimatha kutulutsa chloride. Chitsulo cholimba kwambiri chikhoza kusweka pansi pa cavitation, kapena kuwononga malire a tirigu. Apa ndipamene kukambirana kwa alloy kumazama. Takhala ndi zopambana, ndi zolephera, zomwe zidatikankhira ku mayankho oyenerera.
Ndikukumbukira ntchito yomanga fakitale ya simenti, yopangira ma fan blade yomwe ikuyang'anizana ndi mabala owopsa ndi fumbi laufa. Tinayesa mbale yovala ya NM400. Zolimba ngati misomali, koma kugwedezeka ndi kukhudzidwa pang'ono kuchokera ku tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono kunapangitsa kuti ming'alu yotopa iwonongeke pamalo okwera. Kuuma kwake kunabwera pamtengo wa kulimba. Imeneyo inali nthawi yophunzira. Tinasamukira ku chitsulo chochepa koma cholimba kwambiri chokhala ndi kagawidwe ka carbide mu microstructure. Inavala mofanana kwambiri ndipo sinasweka. Mtengo wa moyo watsikiratu kwambiri, ngakhale zoyambira zidawoneka zofewa pamapepala.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake makampani omwe amamvetsetsa izi, monga Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., musamangogulitsa zinthu; ayenera kumvetsa kulephera mode. Ndi mbiri yawo mu chipolopolo nkhungu kuponyera ndi kuponya ndalama, amatha kusewera ndi zitsulo kuchokera kumadzimadzi. Ndi mulingo wosiyana waulamuliro poyerekeza ndi kungopanga masheya. Za ziwalo zosavala, njira yoponyera yokha imalola kupanga ma geometri ovuta, pafupi ndi maukonde omwe ndi ovuta kusindikiza, ndipo mukhoza kupanga mawonekedwe ovala mu nsalu ya gawolo-monga kuyika ma alloys osamva kuvala ndendende pamene abrasion imachitika kwambiri.
Njirayi ndi gawo la Ntchitoyi
Kulankhula za ndondomeko, ichi ndi wosanjikiza wina nthawi zambiri amanyalanyazidwa. Mutha kukhala ndi kaphatikizidwe kabwino ka aloyi, koma ngati kutentha kwazimitsidwa, kapena kuponyera kuzizira kolakwika, mumasiyidwa ndi gawo lomwe ndi losalimba, lokhala ndi kupsinjika kwamkati, kapena zinthu zosagwirizana. Ndawonapo mbali zomwe zimakwaniritsa kusanthula kulikonse kwamankhwala zimalephera msanga chifukwa kuzimitsa pambuyo poyimitsa kunali koopsa, kumapanga ming'alu yaying'ono.
CNC makina imabwera muno, koma ndi kuvina kofewa. Machining ndi anaumitsa gawo losavala sikuli ngati kukonza zitsulo zofatsa. Mukuchita ndi zinthu zomwe zikulimbana nazo. Kuvala kwa zida ndi misala, ndipo ngati mutulutsa kutentha kwambiri, mutha kuletsa kusanja komwe mudagwira ntchito molimbika kuti mupange, ndikupanga khungu lofewa lomwe limatha mwachangu. Luso ndi kudziwa matsatidwe: nthawi zina mumagwiritsa ntchito makina musanayambe kutentha komaliza, nthawi zina pambuyo pake, ndipo njira ndi zakudya ziyenera kulemekeza chikhalidwe cha zinthuzo. Sitolo yomwe imangopanga makina opepuka sakhala ndi khwekhwe kapena kudziwa za izi. Ndi luso lapadera, lomwe limalumikizana ndi maziko a zinthu.
Kuphatikiza uku ndikofunikira. Kampani yomwe imagwira ntchito zoponya ndi kupanga pansi pa denga limodzi, monga QSY (mutha kuwona njira yawo https://www.tsingtaocnc.com), ali ndi mwayi. Atha kupanga chisankho msanga: Pazitsulo zophwanyira izi, tiyiyika mpaka 95% mu chitsulo chapamwamba cha manganese, ndiyeno timangopanga makina olumikizirana kuti tipewe kusokoneza mawonekedwe olimba a ntchito. Kuganiza kwamtunduwu kumapulumutsa mtengo ndikusunga magwiridwe antchito. Sichinthu chongopanga zokha; ndi lingaliro la kupanga-pa-kupanga ndi kupanga-kwa-ntchito.
Pamene Ma Aloyi Apadera Sizinthu Zapamwamba
Tsopano, mu gawo lachilendo: cobalt ndi ma aloyi opangidwa ndi faifi. Mtengo wamtengo umapangitsa kuti anthu azikhumudwa. Simumatchula izi kuti musangalale. Koma m'malo omwe zovala zotentha kwambiri zimakumana ndi dzimbiri - taganizirani mipando ya ma valve mu petrochemical cracker kapena turbine blades mumsewu wotentha wa gasi - siwokweza; iwo ndi chinthu chokha chimene chingagwire ntchito. Zovala apa nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi sulfidation pa 800 ° C +, kuphatikiza ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono.
Tinayesa gawo lachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri mu makina ogwiritsira ntchito phulusa lapamwamba kwambiri. Zinawoneka bwino tsiku loyamba. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, madziwo anali oxidized ndi kuphulika, ndipo zinthu zapansi zinali kuchotsedwa mofulumira. Tidasinthira ku aloyi yopangidwa ndi faifi tambala yokhala ndi chromium yambiri. Kuvalako kunachedwetsa kukwawa chifukwa aloyiyo adapanga wosanjikiza wokhazikika, wokhazikika wa oxide womwe umateteza gawo lapansi. Mbaliyi inkavala mwa kukhetsa pang'onopang'ono wosanjikizawu ndi kuusintha, osati mwa kutaya zinthu koopsa. Imeneyo ndi filosofi yosiyana ya kukana kuvala palimodzi.
Apa ndi pamene foundry zinachitikira ndi ma aloyi apadera ndizovuta. Kuponya zinthu izi ndi chilombo chosiyana. Iwo ali ndi shrinkage osiyana, fluidity osiyana, ndipo amachita molusa ngati mlengalenga mu ng'anjo si olamulidwa. Choyambitsa chomwe chimati inde, titha kuchita izi popanda mbiri ndi mbendera yofiira. Mukufunikira umboni, monga mbiri yakale yopanga ziwalo zogwira ntchito zomwe zapulumuka m'munda. Sizokhudza kuthira zitsulo; Ndiko kuwongolera momwe zinthu zimapangidwira movutirapo komanso momwe thupi limagwirira ntchito kuti lipereke mawonekedwe odziwika bwino.
The Fit ndi Context
Nayi mutu wothandiza womwe sumapanga kabukuka: koyenera ndikuyika. Mutha kupanga zabwino kwambiri padziko lapansi osavala liner, koma ngati mabowo omangika akuzimitsidwa ndi theka la millimeter, kapena ngati gawolo likupindika pang'ono panthawi ya kutentha, wowotchera pamalowo amayenera kuwapera kuti agwirizane. Mukungotaya malo omwe mudalipirako mtengo. Ine ndaziwona izo zikuchitika. Kulekerera kwa gawo lovala sikungokhudza ntchito; ndi za installability. Nthawi zina mumayenera kutchula malo omwe amaponyedwa m'malo osafunikira komanso malo opangidwa ndi makina pokhapo pomwe kukweretsa kumachitika. Ndi makona atatu oyika mtengo-ntchito.
Mfundo inanso: zinthu zokwerera. Kudzipatula kwa gawo kulibe tanthauzo. Ndi dongosolo. Chovala cha chute cholimba kwambiri chokhala ndi ceramic chingakhale chodabwitsa kwambiri polimbana ndi mchenga wa silika, koma ngati chikawunikiridwa mosalekeza ndi nyundo yachitsulo ya manganese, mutha kugwa mowopsa. Nthawi zina, mumafunika zinthu zofewa, zoperekera nsembe zambiri mu gawo limodzi la dongosolo kuti muteteze chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, chokwera mtengo kunsi kwa mtsinje. Ndi za kuyang'anira mavalidwe panjira yonseyo, osati kungogula chinthu chovuta kwambiri pagawo lililonse.
Kaganizidwe kachitidwe kameneka ndi komwe kamalekanitsa wopereka magawo ndi bwenzi lothandizira mayankho. Pamafunika kufunsa mafunso ambiri patsogolo: Kodi kuvala motsutsana ndi chiyani? Kutentha kotani? Kodi pali kukhudzana ndi mankhwala? Kodi angle yamphamvu ndi yotani? Kodi amaikidwa bwanji? Kodi moyo ukuyembekezeka bwanji? Mayankho amawongolera chilichonse kuyambira pakusankha zinthu mpaka njira yoponyera mpaka pokonza pambuyo pake.
Kuyang'ana Mmbuyo Kuti Tipite Patsogolo
Pambuyo pazaka makumi atatu, mukuwona mawonekedwe. Makampani omwe amakhala pagawoli, monga QSY ndi zaka zawo 30, sakungopulumuka pamtengo. Iwo apanga nkhokwe ya kusanthula kulephera ndi nkhani zopambana. Iwo aphunzira, nthawi zambiri movutikira, kuti a gawo losavala ndi lonjezo la nthawi. Si katundu. Mtengo wake suli mu kilogalamu yachitsulo; ili m'maola ogwirira ntchito yomwe imatumiza isanafune kusinthidwa.
Tsogolo, ndikuganiza, ligona pakuphatikizana kolimba kwambiri kwa mapangidwe, sayansi yazinthu, ndi kuwongolera njira. Mwina ndi kayeseleledwe kake ka mavalidwe panthawi ya kapangidwe kake, kapena kuyesa kosawononga kuti zitsimikizire kumveka kwamkati m'magawo ovuta. Cholingacho chimakhala chofanana: kugwirizanitsa zinthu zoyenera, zoumbidwa ndi kuchitidwa moyenera, ku gulu lapadera la mphamvu zowononga. Ndi chithunzithunzi chosatha, koma ndi chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chigwire ntchito kwenikweni. Izo siziri chabe za kuuma. Aliyense amene angakuuzeni mwanjira ina mwina sanakhalepo nthawi yokwanira pamalo okonzera, akuyang'ana gawo lomwe lalephera ndikudzifunsa kuti nditani.
