Mukamva 'ufa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri', mawu ake nthawi zonse amakhala pafupi ndi mawonekedwe a ukonde komanso kusunga zinthu. Izo nzoona, koma ndi theka chabe la nkhani. Zokambirana zenizeni, zomwe zimachitika pakati pa mainjiniya omwe ayesera kuzifotokoza kapena kuziyika makina, zimazungulira kusiyana pakati pa lonjezo la database ndi zenizeni za msonkhano. Sichipolopolo chamatsenga; ndi zinthu zomwe zili ndi malamulo enieni. Ndawona mapangidwe ambiri omwe amawaona ngati kutsitsa kwa 316L, ndikungokumana ndi mavuto ndi porosity, makina osagwirizana, kapena zodabwitsa za kutentha. Chikokacho ndi champhamvu - kupanga zigawo zovuta kwambiri monga zida za valve kapena zomangira zokhala ndi zinyalala zochepa - koma kuphako kumafuna kulemekezedwa kwa ndondomekoyi, kuchokera ku chakudya cha ufa kupita ku sinter yomaliza.
Lonjezo Lachikulu ndi Funso Losalekeza la Porosity
Ubwino wofunikira ndi ufulu wa geometric. Tikulankhula za magawo omwe angakhale ovuta ku makina kuchokera ku bar stock kapena ngakhale kuyika ndalama. Ganizirani za chopopera chaching'ono chokhala ndi mayendedwe amkati, kapena chida chachipatala chokhala ndi ma undercuts. Ufa zitsulo zimapangitsa izi kukhala zopindulitsa pazachuma zapakati mpaka zokwera kwambiri. Magiredi achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala 304L, 316L, ndi omwe akuchulukirachulukira 17-4 PH, amapereka kukana kwa dzimbiri komwe kumafunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito izi.
Koma apa pali vuto loyamba: kachulukidwe. Kupeza kachulukidwe kokwanira ndikokwera mtengo osati cholinga nthawi zonse. Zambiri zamapangidwe zimayikidwa pamlingo womwe umakumana ndi makina. Izi zimasiya zotsalira, zolumikizana porosity. Sichilema kwenikweni; ndi chikhalidwe. Komabe, porosity iyi ndi muzu wa zovuta zambiri zapansi. Zimakhudza kukana kwa dzimbiri - ma pores amatha kutsekereza madzi ndikuyambitsa dzimbiri, ndichifukwa chake pazigawo zofunika kwambiri zamadzimadzi, ntchito zachiwiri monga kulowetsedwa kwa utomoni kapena kutentha kwa isostatic (HIP) kumakhala kosakambidwa. Ndimakumbukira gulu la 316L flanges kwa kasitomala wa zida zamagetsi; iwo anapambana mayeso kutsitsi mchere monga-sintered, koma analephera m'munda patapita miyezi sikisi chifukwa porosity mkati oipa sing'anga. Tidayenera kubwezeretsanso gawo lochotsa vacuum pamaoda onse amtsogolo.
Izi porosity imakhudzanso mwachindunji machinability. Chida chanu chodulira sikungometa zitsulo; ikukumana ndi kamangidwe kamene kamakhala kolimba komanso kopanda kanthu. Izi zimatsogolera ku macheza ang'onoang'ono, kuvala zida zofulumizitsa (makamaka pobowola ndi pompopi), komanso kumaliza komwe kumatha kuwoneka ngati mathothomadontho ngati sikunagwire bwino. Simungagwiritse ntchito ma feed ndi liwiro lofanana ndi zinthu zomwe zidapangidwa. Zimafunika kukhazikika kolimba, zida zakuthwa, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale njira yosiyana yodulira madzi kuti mupewe kutseka pores ndi swarf.
Kupanga Sintered State: Mgwirizano ndi Masitolo Monga QSY
Apa ndipamene chiphunzitsocho chimakumana ndi zothandiza, ndipo chifukwa chake mgwirizano ndi malo opangira makina ndi makina omwe amamvetsetsa unyolo wonse ndi wofunikira. Inu simungakhoze basi kutumiza sintered akusowekapo aliyense CNC shopu. Ayenera kudziwa zomwe akugwira. Kampani ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. ikupereka nkhani yosangalatsa. Pazaka zoposa 30 akujambula ndi kupanga makina, awona kusintha kwa machitidwe apafupi ndi maukonde. Ngakhale maziko awo ali mu chipolopolo ndi kupanga ndalama, mfundozo zimamasulira. Amamvetsetsa momwe zinthu zimapangidwira pambuyo poumba, kupsinjika kwa makina, komanso kufunikira kowongolera njira zama alloys. Za a ufa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri gawo, ukatswiri wawo wa makina a CNC umakhala theka lachiwiri lofunikira la equation.
Chinsinsi ndicho kulankhulana. Tikagwira ntchito ndi masitolo pa magawo a P/M, zojambulazo ziyenera kufotokoza za sintered density range ndi kuzindikira kuti ndi chinthu chosungunula. Izi zimachenjeza katswiri wamakina. Miyeso yovuta nthawi zambiri imafunikira chiphaso chomaliza pambuyo pa sintering kuti iwonetsere zolakwika zazing'ono. Sitolo yodziwika ndi ma castings, monga QSY, ndi yodziwa kale izi - kupeza ma datum, kumvetsetsa kuti kudula koyamba kumatha kuwulula pore, ndikukhala ndi njira zothana nazo popanda kuchotsa gawolo. Zomwe adakumana nazo ndi ma alloys apadera, monga maziko a faifi tambala ndi cobalt, akuwonetsanso kuti amadziwa bwino zida zovutirapo zamakina, zomwe ndi maziko abwino othana ndi sintered stainless.
Vuto limodzi lodziwika bwino ndi ulusi. Kugogoda pagawo lopindika ndikufunsa kuti pakhale vuto ngati dzenjelo silikulidwe bwino komanso mpopiyo sunakonzedwe. Nthawi zambiri timatchula mphero kuti tilumikizane kwambiri, kapena mapangidwe ogwiritsira ntchito zomangira zopangira ulusi zomwe zimagwirizanitsa zinthu m'malo mozidula. Umu ndi mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zimakambidwa pamsonkhano wokonzekera kupanga ndi mnzake wopanga makina.
The 17-4 PH Conundrum: Mvula ndi Kusintha Kwamawonekedwe
Ngati ma austenitic giredi ngati 316L ali ndi zovuta zawo, 17-4 PH zosapanga dzimbiri zopangidwa kudzera ufa zitsulo ndi chilombo chake. Pempho ndi lodziwikiratu: mphamvu yayikulu ndi kuuma pambuyo pa kutentha. Koma kuuma kwa mvula ndikoyenda pazingwe zomangira ndi zida za sintered.
Chithandizo chokhazikika cha H900 (zaka 900 ° F) chimagwira ntchito, koma kusintha kwa mawonekedwe sikungadziwike pang'ono poyerekeza ndi katundu wopangidwa. Gawoli layamba kale kuchepa panthawi ya sintering. Chithandizo cha ukalamba chimayambitsa kusintha kwina, kakang'ono, koma kofunikira kwambiri. Kwa gawo lomwe lili ndi kulolerana kolimba pazinthu zingapo, izi zitha kukhala zowopsa. Tidaphunzira izi movutikira pamayendedwe amtundu wa drone actuator. Miyeso ya as-sintered inali yangwiro. Pambuyo pochiza ndi kukalamba, kukula kwake kunacheperachepera, pomwe mawonekedwe akunja a flange sanakhudzidwe. The anisotropy anali chifukwa choyambirira compaction malangizo a ufa.
Njira yothetsera vutoli, ngakhale yokwera mtengo kwambiri, nthawi zambiri imakhala yopangira makina mpaka kumapeto kwa okalamba (Chikhalidwe A) kapena boma lothandizidwa, ndiyeno kukalamba. Koma izi zimafunika kudziwa ndendende kuchuluka kwa gawo lomwe lidzakulira kapena kuchepera paukalamba pagulu la zinthu ndi ng'anjo. Imakhala njira yopangira maphikidwe, osati ntchito yokhazikika. Mulingo wowongolera uwu ndipamene mgwirizano pakati pa wopanga gawo la P/M ndi katswiri wamakina wolondola ndikofunikira kwambiri. Katswiri wamakina amafunikira deta yolondola yochizira kutentha kuchokera kwa sinterer kuti adziwe zomwe angagwiritse ntchito mu pulogalamu yawo ya CNC pakupanga makina okalamba.
Ikawala (Ndi Nthawi Yoyang'ana Kwina)
Ndiye liti ufa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ngwazi yosatsutsidwa? Ndi za magawo ovuta, ang'onoang'ono mpaka apakatikati pomwe kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinthu zomwe zidapangidwa kudzakhala pansi pa 40%, pomwe kuchuluka kwake kumatsimikizira mtengo wa zida zophatikizira kufa. Zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri ndi zotsekera, zida zamagalimoto zamagalimoto (monga ma swirl plates), ndi nsagwada zina za zida zopangira opaleshoni. Kusasinthika kwa ufa wamakono ndi ng'anjo za sintering zoyendetsedwa bwino kumapereka kubwereza kwa batch-to-batch pamapulogalamuwa.
Komabe, nthawi zambiri si njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira mawonekedwe osavuta (chophimba choyambira kapena chochapira), pazigawo zazikulu kwambiri zomwe makina osindikizira amachepa, kapena pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kukana kwambiri kwa dzimbiri kapena kutopa kwa makina opangidwa bwino, opukutira, ndi annealed. Zikatero, njira yachikhalidwe yochokera kwa katswiri ngati QSY, kapena makina opangira ma bar, ikhoza kukhala yodalirika komanso yotsika mtengo. Kuyika ndalama, mwachitsanzo, kumatha kukhala kovutirapo komweko komanso nthawi zambiri kutha kwapamwamba komanso kachulukidwe kamitundu ina, ngakhale ndi mtengo wosiyana.
Chisankhochi sichimangotengera mtengo wazinthu pa kilogalamu. Ndi za mtengo wokwanira pa gawo lililonse lomwe lamalizidwa, logwira ntchito, lomwe limaphatikizapo makina achiwiri, kulowetsedwa kulikonse kofunikira kapena plating, mitengo yazinthu, ndi magwiridwe antchito m'munda. Ndi kusankha kwaukadaulo wamakina.
Tsogolo Liri mu Kusakaniza ndi Kumanga
Zosangalatsa zomwe zikuchitika pano sizili mu nyimbo zatsopano za chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, koma m'njira zomwe zimawamanga. Metal Injection Molding (MIM), yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ufa wonyezimira komanso chomangira pulasitiki, ikukankhira envelopu yovuta kwambiri kuposa P/M yachikhalidwe yosindikizira-ndi-sinter P/M, ngakhale imabwera ndi zovuta zake zomwe zimayimitsa ndipo ndi yabwino kwambiri pazigawo zazing'ono kwambiri.
Malo enanso ndi zinthu zosakanizidwa—ufa wachitsulo wosapanga dzimbiri wosakanikirana ndi mafuta monga mkuwa kapena chinthu choumitsa. Izi zitha kupanga zodzitchinjiriza zodzitchinjiriza kapena magawo omwe ali ndi zida zokhazikika munthawi imodzi ya sintering. Koma kachiwiri, izi zimabweretsa zosintha zatsopano mu Machining. Kodi mumakonza bwanji dera lomwe ndi 90% chitsulo ndi 10% yamkuwa? Zovala zamtundu wa zida zimasintha mbali zonse.
Pamapeto pake, kugwira ntchito ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha zitsulo ndi njira yolumikizirana komanso chidziwitso chakuya. Zimakukakamizani kuganiza mozama, kuyambira pamapangidwe oyambira mpaka kumapeto kwa QC. Sizinthu zomwe mumangoyitanitsa; ndi njira yomwe mumatenga nawo mbali, kuyanjana kwambiri ndi sinterer ndi makina kuti ayendetse danga pakati pa isotropic olimba ndi kuthekera kodabwitsa, koma kodabwitsa pang'ono, zenizeni zenizeni. Makampani omwe amapambana nawo ndi omwe amayendetsa maikowa, monga momwe ntchito yophatikizira yomwe imayambira kuponya ndi makina a CNC, monga QSY, amawongolera machitidwe a aloyi kuchokera ku nkhungu kupita ku chinthu chomaliza.
