Iyo uvuze '410 ibyuma bidafite ingese', abantu benshi, ndetse nabaguzi bamwe, bahita batekereza 'ingese, nziza kuri byose'. Ngiyo umutego wambere. Ni martensitike, bivuze ko ikomera hamwe no kuvura ubushyuhe, bitandukanye nibisanzwe 304. Ni magnetique, irashobora kubora iyo uyisunitse, kandi gusudira kwayo nikiganiro gitandukanye rwose. Nabonye ibishushanyo byinshi cyane aho byerekanwe gusa kuberako ari amahitamo ahendutse adafite ingese, utitaye kubidukikije bya serivisi cyangwa nyuma yo gutunganya bikenewe. Ntabwo ari ugusimburwa kwa 304 cyangwa 316. Kubona iryo kosa biganisha ku bice binanirwa mu kirere cyangirika cyangwa guturika mugihe cyo guhimba. Ubumenyi nyabwo ntabwo buri mu mbonerahamwe yamakuru (11.5-13.5% Cr, sibyo?), Ariko mukumenya igihe cyo kuyikoresha, uburyo bwo kuyikora, kandi cyane, uburyo bwo gushyushya kuyifata kumurimo.
Ibiranga ibikoresho nibisanzwe
Ubujurire bwibanze bwa 410 ibyuma ni ihuriro ryayo irwanya ruswa iringaniye, imiterere yubukanishi nyuma yo gukomera, nigiciro gito ugereranije. Iyo 'ishyize mu gaciro' ni urufunguzo. Mugihe cyoroheje cyikirere cyangwa amazi meza, nibyiza. Ariko tera muri chloride, acide, cyangwa nubushuhe buhoraho hamwe nibihumanya, uzabona ingese zo hejuru. Ntabwo ari urwego rwo mu nyanja. Ndibuka icyiciro cyiziritse kubikorwa byingirakamaro byinyanja byagaragaje 410 kugirango uzigame ikiguzi. Berekanye ibara ryijimye cyane mumezi atandatu. Umukiriya yararakaye, ariko igitekerezo cyari kibi kubidukikije. Tugomba guhindukira kuri 316 kugirango dusimburwe.
Aho imurika ni mubisabwa bikeneye gukomera no kwambara birwanya. Tekereza pompe, ibice bya valve, ibikoresho, cyangwa ibyuma bya turbine. Ariko dore gufata: ubwo gukomera buturuka kubuvuzi. Muburyo bwa annealed, birashoboka rwose. Umaze kuyikomeretsa, vuga, HRC 40-45, gutunganya biba akazi kabuhariwe. Ukeneye ibikoresho byiza, umuvuduko, hamwe nibiryo. Niba ushakisha igice, ugomba kuba usobanutse neza hamwe nuwaguhaye ibintu byanyuma bisabwa. Urashaka ko itangwa annealed kugirango imashini ikore? Cyangwa ukeneye gukomera rwose n'ubutaka? Iki cyuho cyitumanaho gitera gutinda kurenza ikindi kintu cyose.
Aha niho uruganda rukora imashini hamwe nububiko bwimashini bifite uburambe bwibintu byingirakamaro. Isosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), hamwe nimyaka 30 yabo yo gukina no gutunganya, mubisanzwe byakemura neza uru rugendo. Bashoboraga guta igice bakoresheje igishishwa cyabo cyangwa igishoro, hanyuma bagakomeza hamwe na annealing ikenewe, gutunganya imashini, kuvura ubushyuhe (kuzimya no gutwarwa nubukomere bwagenwe), nibisobanuro byanyuma. Imashini ya CNC cyangwa gusya. Kugerageza gutandukanya ibyiciro hagati yabacuruzi benshi badahuje imyitwarire yibikoresho ni ugusaba ibibazo hamwe no guhagarara neza.
Imbyino yo Kuvura Ubushyuhe: Kubyumva neza n'aho bigenda nabi
Ubushyuhe buvura 410 nubuhanzi bwabwo. Umuzenguruko usanzwe urimo kwikuramo hafi 980-1010 ° C, kuzimya amavuta, hanyuma ubushyuhe. Ubushyuhe bukabije buteganya ubukana bwa nyuma nuburinganire buringaniye. Ubushyuhe bwo hasi (hafi 200-400 ° C) butanga ubukana bwinshi ariko birwanya ingaruka nke. Jya hejuru (600-700 ° C), urabona gukomera ariko gukomera. Ugomba guhuza ibi nibikorwa byigice.
Kubabara umutwe bifatika ni ukugoreka. Cyane cyane hamwe nibice bigoye cyangwa bikozwe mumashini, kuzimya bizana stress na warpage. Kubintu bisobanutse nkibiti cyangwa intebe ya valve, ibi birashobora kuba bibi. Twigeze kugira ishoramari rya disiki ya valve yavuye mubushyuhe bwo kuvura hamwe n'amazi arenze imipaka ikizwa. Igisubizo? Rimwe na rimwe, ni ibijyanye no kuzimya mu gihe cyo kuzimya, rimwe na rimwe ni ibyerekeranye no kugabanya imihangayiko yo hagati mugihe cyo gutunganya ibintu, kandi rimwe na rimwe ugomba guteganya uburyo bwo gusya cyane nyuma yubushyuhe bwo kugarura geometrie. Ntabwo ari 'kohereza gusa gukomera'.
Indi ngingo ififitse ni igipimo cyo gukonjesha mugihe cyo guterana ubwacyo. Kuri abashoramari ibice, as-cast structure irashobora kugira ingaruka kuburyo isubiza kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma. Uruganda rwumva ibi ruzagenzura ibipimo byabyo kugirango bitange umusaruro uhuriweho, utange ibisubizo byavuzwe mbere. Ibi ntabwo ari ibintu byibitabo; ni ikusanyirizo ry'ubumenyi buturuka ku gukoresha ibihumbi bishyushye hamwe.
Gutunganya no Guhimba Inyandiko Ziva Mububiko
Gukora anneed 410 biroroshye muburyo bworoshye - yitwara nkicyuma gito. Koresha ibikoresho byiza bya rake, coolant nziza, kandi umeze neza. Ikibazo ni hamwe nibikoresho byakomanze cyangwa se 'igice-gikomeye'. Ibikoresho bya Carbide ni ngombwa, kandi ceramic cyangwa CBN birashobora gukenerwa kugirango umusaruro mwinshi wibice bikomye. Ibikoresho bikunda gukora-bigoye, bityo ukenera gukata bihagije kugirango ugere munsi yurwego rukomeye rwakozwe nibikoresho byabanjirije. Kugabanya urumuri, gusimbuka bizatwika gusa ibikoresho byawe.
Gusudira ni ingingo izwi cyane yo kubabara hamwe 410 ibyuma. Bifatwa nk'ubudodo, ariko hamwe na caveats. Mbere yubushyuhe (hafi 200 ° C) hamwe no kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma ya Weld (PWHT) hafi ya byose ni itegeko kugirango hirindwe ubukonje muri zone yibasiwe nubushyuhe (HAZ). HAZ iba ikomeye kandi igacika niba uyisudira ukayireka. Nabonye inteko zisudira zisenyuka byumvikana mugihe gikonje hasi kumaduka. Mugusana gusudira cyangwa guhimba, gukoresha ibyuma 309L byuzuza birasanzwe kumenyekanisha austenite no kunoza guhangana. Ariko mvugishije ukuri, niba igishushanyo kirimo gusudira gukomeye kwa 410, birakwiye kongera gusuzuma amahitamo yibikoresho.
Gushyira mu bikorwa Ukuri no Gutekereza
Noneho nihehe 410 yumvikana mubyukuri? Nibyiza kubikoresho byumye bikora. Bushings, ibikoresho, hamwe nugufunga ibikoresho bya peteroli na gazi (aho ibidukikije bigenzurwa, ntabwo ari iriba), imashini zikoresha imashini zikoreshwa munganda, hamwe nibikoresho byo gutunganya ibiryo aho ruswa ishobora kuba yoroshye ariko hakenewe isuku. Igipimo cyacyo kinini-ibiro nyuma yo kuvurwa nabyo ni inyungu.
Iyo ushakisha, ntabwo ugura ibikoresho gusa, uba uguze ubushobozi bwo gutunganya. Ukeneye utanga isoko ubona urunigi rwose. Urebye QSY's igipimo - ibishushanyo mbonera, gushora imari, CNC itunganya, hamwe nuburambe hamwe nibisanzwe bidasanzwe - byerekana ko byashyizweho kubwubu buryo bwo guhuza umusaruro. Kubice bikomeye bizunguruka bikozwe muri 410, urashaka ko bajugunya, ubushyuhe bukavura mugihe cyagenwe, hanyuma ukarangiza imashini, byose munsi yinzu. Igenzura impinduka. Kohereza abaterankunga hanze yubuvuzi rusange hanyuma hanyuma mukiduka ryimashini gitangiza amaboko menshi cyane aho ibisobanuro bishobora kugabanuka.
Igiciro buri gihe ni ikintu. 410 yicaye ahantu heza hagati yicyuma cya karubone na nikel yo hejuru ya austenitike idafite ibyuma. Ariko igiciro cyose kigomba kubamo gutunganya. Igice gisaba gutunganya ibintu bigoye nyuma yo gukomera bizaba bihenze kuruta kimwe cyagenewe gusya. Umufatanyabikorwa mwiza wubwubatsi azagaragaza ibyo gucuruza hakiri kare.
Ibitekerezo byanyuma: Ninzobere, Ntabwo ari Jenerali
Kurangiza ibi, 410 ibyuma ni ibikoresho byingirakamaro cyane, ariko bisaba kubahwa. Ntabwo ari 'ibyuma bidafite ingese' mu mvugo, gushiraho-no-kwibagirwa-kumva. Imyitwarire yayo ihujwe cyane namateka yubushyuhe. Intsinzi hamwe nayo ituruka kubifata nka sisitemu: igishushanyo mbonera cyo gukora, kwerekana imiterere isabwa neza, hitamo uwahimbye ufite ibyuma bya metallurgiki byemejwe kandi bitunganyirizwa, kandi ntuzigere wibwira ko birwanya ruswa.
Kunanirwa nabonye hafi ya byose bigaruka kuri imwe muriyo miyoboro idakomeye - umushushanya ubifata nka 304, umuguzi ugura gusa kubiciro byigice, cyangwa iduka ryimashini idafite protocole ikwiye yo kuvura ubushyuhe. Iyo urunigi rukomeye, 410 rutanga umusaruro urambye, uhenze cyane imikorere ikora. Ni ifarashi ikora, ariko imwe ikenera umuhanga mubuhanga.
