Iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'martensitike idafite ibyuma', bahita batekereza 'bikomeye'. Ibyo ntabwo ari bibi, ariko ni intangiriro yo kutumvikana kwinshi mumasoko no kuyashyira mubikorwa. Inkuru nyayo ntabwo ari iyo kugera ku mubare munini wa Rockwell C; bijyanye n'imbyino zikomeye hagati ya chimie, kuvura ubushyuhe, hamwe nubucuruzi byanze bikunze. Nabonye imishinga myinshi ihagaze kubera ko umuntu yerekanye rusange 410 cyangwa 420 kuri 'kurwanya ruswa n'imbaraga' atiriwe asobanukirwa neza nibiri mububiko. Kuzimya kuzimya, kugereranya ibipimo nyuma yo gukomera, kubura gutungurwa gukomeye mubintu bisa nkibintu bikomeye - aya ni amasomo nyayo. Ibi ntabwo ari ibikoresho byibitabo; nicyo wiga nyuma yo gukuraho ibice bike.
Indangamuntu yibanze hamwe ningaruka zayo zifatika
Reka tuyambure inyuma. Martensitike idafite ibyuma ni muburyo bukomeye Fe-Cr-C ivanze. Urufunguzo ni ihinduka rya martensitike - kuzimya byihuse biturutse ku bushyuhe bukabije bufata atome ya karubone, bigakora imiterere igoramye, irenze umubiri. Ngiyo isoko yo gukomera. Ariko dore uburyo bwa mbere bufatika: hejuru ya karubone yo gukomera (nko muri 440C), niko urushaho guteshuka ku gusudira kandi, mu buryo runaka bivuguruza ibyuma 'bitagira umwanda', birwanya ruswa. Chromium ikeneye guhuza na karubone kugirango ikore karbide, iyikura mubisubizo, igabanye chromium yubusa iboneka kugirango ikore urwo rupapuro rwa oxyde. Rero, urashobora kugira icyuma cyiza 58 58 HRC kigaragaza ibibara.
Mubikorwa byacu byo gutunganya Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), dukunze guhura nuburyo bubiri. Umukiriya azohereza igishushanyo cyibikoresho bya valve cyangwa pompe ya pompe muri 17-4PH (ubwoko bwimvura igabanya ubukana bwa martensitike, ariko reka tubishyire hano kugirango tuganire). Bashaka ibintu bya rukuruzi, imbaraga zumusaruro, hamwe no kurwanya ruswa. Ikibazo gitangirira kumurongo wibanze. Imigabane yibibari biturutse kubikorwa byayo bwite birashobora guteza akaduruvayo mugihe gikurikira Imashini ya CNC. Twize guhora twerekana ububiko bworoheje bwibibazo kubipimo bikomeye, cyangwa ingengo yimari yo kuvura ubushyuhe hagati. Ni ikiguzi, ariko bihendutse kuruta igice kirwanira 0.1mm nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe bwa nyuma.
Kuvura ubushyuhe ubwabyo niho ubuhanzi buhurira na siyanse. Ntabwo ari 'gushiraho no kwibagirwa' gahunda y'itanura. Ubushyuhe bukabije ni ingenzi-hasi cyane, kandi ntubone igisubizo cyuzuye; hejuru cyane, ushobora guhura cyane no gukura kwa austenite cyangwa ingano. Noneho kuzimya: amavuta arasanzwe, ariko ubukana nubushyuhe bwibintu byazimye byamavuta cyane kugirango bigabanye kugoreka no gukurura ingaruka, cyane cyane kubishoramari bigoye hamwe nibice bitandukanye. Twigeze kugira icyiciro cyurukuta ruto gushora imari prototypes muri 410 gucamo hafi yumvikana mugihe cyo kuzimya. Isomo? Kubishusho bigoye, rimwe na rimwe icyiciro cya martensitike ntabwo aricyo gisubizo, cyangwa igishushanyo gikenera radii nubunini bumwe dushobora gutongana murwego rwa DFM (Igishushanyo mbonera).
Imashini no Kurangiza: Amaduka Igorofa
Imashini ihujwe martensitike idafite ibyuma ni inyamaswa itandukanye no gutunganya uburyo bwayo bukomeye. Muri leta yometseho (mubisanzwe ikorwa hafi 85 HRB), ni gummy. Ntabwo isenya chip neza neza nka 303 austenitis; ikunda gukora chip ndende, ikomatanya ishobora gusudira kubikoresho no kwangiza ubuso burangije. Ibikoresho bya geometrie, ibifuniko (TiAlN ikora neza), hamwe na coolant yumuvuduko ukabije wo kumena no kwimura chip ntabwo biganirwaho. Dukora iyi mirimo kurwego ruremereye, rukomeye Imashini ya CNC ibigo kugirango bigabanye kunyeganyega.
Nyuma yo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwo kuvura ni ingingo yo kutagaruka. Iyo umaze kuyikomera, ubundi buryo bwo gutunganya buragoye cyane, bugarukira cyane cyane gusya cyangwa EDM. Uru rutonde rukomeye. Twagize uburambe bwo kwiga mumyaka yashize hamwe nibikoresho byuma. Umukiriya yashakaga ko amenyo acibwa nyuma yo gukomera kugirango geometrie itunganye. Tugomba gusezerana ninzobere ifite CBN yo gusya ibiziga, kandi igiciro nigihe cyarenze byari ngombwa. Noneho, imyitozo yacu isanzwe, hamwe nibyo tugira inama abakiriya kurubuga rwacu tsingtaocnc.com, ni kumashini kugera kumurongo wanyuma muri leta yometseho, kubara imikurire iteganijwe gukura / kugabanuka kuva gukomera no guhindagurika. Ibi birasaba isomero ryimbitse ryamakuru yamateka yukuntu geometrike yihariye mumanota yihariye yimuka, twubatsemo imyaka irenga 30 gukina no gutunganya.
Kurangiza nubundi buryo. A passivated martensitike idafite ibyuma igice ntikizigera kigira ruswa yo kurwanya igice cya 316L. Inzira ya passivation (mubisanzwe nitric cyangwa citric aside) ifasha, ariko izamura urwego rudakomeye. Kubisabwa mubidukikije byangirika byoroheje, nkibice bimwe na bimwe byimashini zitunganya ibiryo cyangwa ibikoresho byo mu nyanja, amashanyarazi meza yo mu rwego rwo hejuru nyuma ya passivation arashobora gukora itandukaniro rigaragara. Yoroshya micro-peaks, igabanya imbuga zo gutangiza. Nintambwe yinyongera, ariko ikemura icyuho kiri hagati yimiterere yibikoresho nibisabwa.
Guhitamo Ibikoresho: Igihe cyo Kubikoresha, Igihe cyo Kugenda
Ngiyo ishingiro ryurubanza rwumwuga. Martensitike idafite ibyuma irabagirana aho ukeneye guhuza imbaraga zirwanya ruswa, imbaraga nyinshi / gukomera, kandi kenshi, rukuruzi ya rukuruzi. Tekereza ibyuma bya turbine mubidukikije bimwe na bimwe, ibikoresho, ibyuma, ibyuma byo kubaga, gutwara amoko mubikorwa bitarimo amazi, hamwe nugufata nkibikoresho bikomeye. Imvura ikomera yimvura nka 17-4PH iratangaje kubintu bigoye cyane, imbaraga zo mu kirere zifite imbaraga nyinshi zigomba kwihanganira cyane nyuma yo kuvurwa gusaza cyane.
Ariko rero, ugomba kubyirinda cyane kubwubatswe bwuzuye (usibye hamwe na protocole ikabije ya pre / nyuma yubushyuhe bukabije), kubisabwa mubidukikije bikungahaye kuri chloride (nko mumazi yinyanja bitarinze), cyangwa aho ubukana bwingaruka kubushyuhe buke ari ngombwa. Imiterere ishingiye kumubiri ya martensite ifite ubushyuhe bwinzibacyuho ihindagurika; irashobora guhinduka akaga muri serivisi ikonje. Ndibuka isesengura ryananiwe kuvunika inkoni ya hydraulic piston yakoreshejwe mumashini y’amashyamba yo hanze mu gihe cy'itumba; ibikoresho 420 byujuje ubukana ariko bisenya ingaruka. Austenitike idafite ingese cyangwa ibyuma byo hasi yubushyuhe byari kuba byiza.
Gukorana na idasanzwe nka cobalt ishingiye cyangwa nikel ishingiye kuri nikel rimwe na rimwe itanga igisubizo cyiza, nubwo ku giciro cyo hejuru. Kurugero, kubintu bikurura cyane kandi byangirika bikabije byangiza pompe, ibyuma bya martensitike bidafite ingese nka 440C bishobora gutekerezwa, ariko icyogajuru (cobalt alloy) gisudira hejuru cyangwa gikomeye gushora imari muri nikel alloy nka Alloy 255 irashobora gutanga ubuzima bwikigihe cyubuzima nubwo igiciro kiri hejuru. Kuri QSY, dukunze kugira ibyo biganiro, kuyobora abakiriya binyuze muri iyi matrix yimikorere, gukora, nigiciro cyose.
Ikiburanwa: Ingingo ya Agaciro Saga
Urugero rufatika ruva mu iduka ryacu. Umukiriya yari akeneye igikoresho cyumuvuduko mwinshi wa valve stem. Ikirangantego cyasabye kurwanya ruswa neza y’imiti yoroheje, irwanya kwambara cyane hejuru y’ikidodo, kandi ntihabeho ihinduka rihoraho munsi ya 900 MPa ihangayitse. Babanje gusaba 316L yo kurwanya ruswa. Twasubiye inyuma. 316L ntishobora gukomera bihagije kugirango bishoboke kwambara. Twasabye 440C hejuru yimyambarire ariko duhura nicyuho cyo kurwanya ruswa.
Igisubizo cyari inzira ivanze. Umubiri nyamukuru wakozwe kuva 17-4PH muburyo A (annealed), hanyuma ukageza H900 nyuma yo kuyikora, ukayiha imbaraga zingenzi. Agace gakomeye ko gufunga ubutaka bwakomerekejwe hejuru hifashishijwe uburyo bwa laser kugirango habeho akarere ka martensitike gakomeye bitagize ingaruka ku bintu byinshi byangirika. Byari inzira itari isanzwe isaba ubufatanye bwa hafi hagati yacu gutunganya itsinda hamwe nabafatanyabikorwa bavura ubushyuhe. Igice cyagenze neza, ariko gufata byari byiza martensitike idafite ibyuma ntabwo cyari igisubizo wenyine; byari bigize ingamba zifatika.
Ubu bwoko bwo gukemura ibibazo niho impapuro rusange zamakuru zigufi. Baguha imbaraga nimbaraga za ruswa muri acide ya laboratoire, ariko ntibakubwira uko ibikoresho bitwara mugihe ugerageza kwihanganira 0,02mm kuri flange yoroheje izabona kuzimya 800 ° C. Ubwo bumenyi buturuka kubikora, kunanirwa rimwe na rimwe, no gusubiramo. Niyo mpamvu ibigo bifite amateka maremare muri gukina no gutunganya, nkatwe hamwe nimyaka irenga mirongo itatu, kusanya ubwoko bwubumenyi bwa tacit bufite agaciro nkibimashini hasi.
Kurangiza Ibitekerezo: Kubaha inzira
None, ni irihe jambo rya nyuma kuri martensitike idafite ibyuma? Numuryango ukomeye, utandukanye wibikoresho, ariko bisaba kubahwa. Ntabwo ari 'igitonyanga' gisimbuza ibyuma bya karubone mugihe ukeneye kwihanganira ruswa. Imyitwarire yayo ihujwe cyane namateka yubushyuhe. Kugaragaza neza birasaba gutekereza neza kubijyanye nurwego rwose rwo gukora - uhereye kumiterere y'urusyo cyangwa igishushanyo cya Igikonoshwa, binyuze muri buri gutunganya op, guhita mu ziko ritunganya ubushyuhe no ku ntebe yanyuma yo kugenzura.
Ikosa rikomeye nukuyifata nkigicuruzwa. Nibikoresho-byo hejuru cyane bikenera inzira-yimikorere. Iyo ubonye neza, ibisubizo birasanzwe: ibice birakomeye, biramba, kandi bihuye nintego. Iyo ubonye nabi, kunanirwa birahenze kandi birigisha. Intego ni ugukoresha ibyambere no kugabanya ibya nyuma, amaherezo, niyo shingiro ryubwubatsi bufatika hamwe nibikoresho byose, cyane cyane nkibisabwa kandi bihesha ingororano nka martensitike idafite umwanda.
