Iyo abantu benshi mu nganda zimodoka bumvise 'ibinyabiziga bishora imari', batekereza kumashanyarazi akora cyane cyangwa ibizunguruka byoroshye. Nibyo, ariko kandi niho hatangiriye imyumvire itari yo - ko ari 'premium' gusa kubice byiza. Ukuri kwisi ni akajagari kandi karashimishije. Ntabwo ari ibijyanye gusa no kugorana kubwikibazo; ni ugukemura ibibazo byihariye, gnarly umusaruro wubundi buryo budashobora gukoraho hatabayeho gutwara ibiciro cyangwa kuyobora umwanya unyuze hejuru yinzu. Nabonye ibishushanyo byinshi biza aho injeniyeri yasobanuye gushora imari kuko byumvikanaga tekinoloji yo hejuru, gusa kuri twe tugomba kubisubiza inyuma mukiterane cyasudishijwe kashe yari ihendutse 40% na 95% nkibyiza. Agaciro nyako ntabwo kari muri label; ni mukumenya neza igihe cyo kuyikoresha.
Intego yibikorwa: Aho Theory ihura na fondasiyo Grime
Igitabo kivuga ko gushora imari, cyangwa gutakaza-ibishashara, bitanga ubuso bwiza bwuzuye kandi bwuzuye. Icyo igitabo gikunze kuzenguruka ni umubare munini wimpinduka zishobora gusenya iryo sezerano. Bitangirana nigishashara. Fata ubushyuhe bwo gutera inshinge cyangwa igitutu nabi ukoresheje intera ntoya, hanyuma utangire guhangayika byerekana gusa nko kugoreka nyuma yigikonoshwa ceramic kimaze kurasa hanyuma icyuma kigasukwa. Ndibuka umushinga wamazu ya sensor aho twari dufite 0.3mm yubunini bwa drift batch-to-batch. Yadutwaye icyumweru cyo kwiruka-mold temp? igihe cyo gukonja? - mbere yuko dusanga ari impinduka yibihe mubushuhe bwibidukikije bigira ingaruka kumashanyarazi. Nubwoko bwamaboko, hafi yubumenyi bwubumenyi ukura mubikorwa byo gukora gusa.
Noneho hari inyubako ya shell. Inzinguzingo ya dip-na-stucco isa neza. Ariko ibicucu byijimye, ibidukikije byumye (ubushyuhe nubushuhe, byongeye), hamwe nu ntera yumucanga wangiritse kuri buri koti - ni resept buri mushinga urinda hafi. Igikonoshwa gifite intege nke cyane mugihe cyo gutemba cyangwa gusuka; imwe ifite umubyimba mwinshi ntabwo itemba neza kandi iganisha kuri inclusitions. Twigeze gukorana na zirconia nshya ishingiye kuri slurry igice kinini cya nikel. Ibyatanzwe muri laboratoire byari byiza. Kuri pilote yambere yiruka, igice cyibisasu cyacitse. Ikibazo? Coefficient yo kwagura amashyuza yari agace k'ijana ku ijanisha ry'amakoti yinyuma, bitera guhangayika mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa autoclave dewax. Subira ku kibaho cyo gushushanya.
Isuka ubwayo ni ikindi gihe gikomeye. Hamwe nibikoresho nkibikoresho bidafite ingese cyangwa nikel ishingiye kuri nikel, ubushyuhe bwikirenga nubushyuhe bwo gusuka nibyingenzi. Biratinda cyane, ukabona ibicu biruka cyangwa gufunga imbeho. Byihuta cyane, kandi uhanagura igikonoshwa cyimbere imbere, winjizamo ceramic mubice. Kubigize ibinyabiziga nka moteri nyinshi cyangwa inzu ya turbo, ibona gusiganwa ku magare yumuriro, kubishyiramo ni ikintu cyatsinzwe. Ntabwo ari ugushonga ibyuma gusa; ni ukugenzura ubushyuhe bwumuriro wa sisitemu yose - ingenzi, igikonoshwa, ikirere kidasanzwe - mumadirishya 90-masegonda.
Guhitamo Ibikoresho: Ntabwo ari Imbaraga gusa
Tuvuze ibikoresho, urwego rwimodoka rusunika muri sisitemu yoroshye, ishyushye, kandi ikora neza byongereye imbaraga ubwihindurize gushora imari. Mugihe ibyuma byimyanda hamwe nicyuma cya karubone ari urugo rwakazi kubice hamwe nibice byubatswe, ibikorwa biri mumavuta yihariye. Fata ibice bya turbocharger. Barimo barenga amanota ya Inconel asanzwe muburyo buvanze buringaniza ibinyabuzima hamwe nubuzima bwumuriro. Ariko dore gufata: aya mavuta avanze akenshi ni inzozi zo guta. Bafite urwego ruto rwo gukomera, bigatuma bakunda kurira. Ingingo zabo zo gushonga zisaba ndetse na sisitemu ihamye. Isosiyete imaze imyaka myinshi iyobora ibi, nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ikoresha amateka yayo maremare mugukina no gutunganya kubaka ubwo bumenyi. Ni ikintu kimwe gusuka buto yikizamini cya cobalt; nubundi kubyara buri gihe kubyara uruzitiro ruto, rugoye rwa turbine amazu afite inzira zeru zeru.
Aluminiyumu ishoramari kumodoka ninyamaswa zayo. Irasunikwa cyane kugirango igabanye ibiro - tekereza umubiri utoroshye cyangwa imitwe yubatswe. Inyungu ni ubwisanzure. Urashobora guhuza imiyoboro ikonje, gushiraho ba shebuja, no gushimangira imbavu mugice kimwe. Ikibazo ni ugutera ubwoba. Aluminium ifata gaze, kandi gukomera byihuse ibice bito birashobora kugusha mu mutego. Twamaranye amezi kuri prototype ya knuckle, duhindura sisitemu yo kwinjirira, twongeramo umuyaga wa chill, ndetse tunagerageza uburyo butandukanye bwo gusohora gaz mbere yuko tubona X-ray isukuye. Nibidahwema kwibanda kubintu bitandukanya iduka rya prototype nuwiteguye gutanga umusaruro.
Noneho hari post-casting. Benshi batekereza ko akazi kakozwe iyo igice kimaze kunyeganyezwa. Kure. Kuvura ubushyuhe akenshi ntibishobora kuganirwaho. Kubintu byingenzi byumutekano nkibikoresho bya feri ya feri, ubushyuhe bwihariye (nka T6 kuri aluminium) bugomba gukubitwa neza mugice cyose, bushobora kuba uburiganya hamwe nubunini butandukanye. Aha niho utanga isoko ahagaritse guhuza, nka QSY yo guhuza gushora imari no murugo CNC gutunganya, arishyura. Barashobora gushira mubintu bike ariko byateganijwe kugoreka bivuye kubushyuhe mubikoresho byabo, bikiza umutwe munini epfo. Gukora as-cast yubuso hamwe nibintu bihindagurika ni resept yo kumena ibikoresho no gusiba.
Ikigereranyo cyibiciro: Gutsindishiriza Premium
Ibi biganisha ku mbogamizi nini mumodoka: igiciro. Igikoresho cyo gushora imari (icyuma gipfa kubishashara) kirahenze. Inzira ni umurimo nimbaraga nyinshi. Ukeneye rero gutsindishirizwa gukomeye. Intsinzi ya kera ni igice cyo guhuriza hamwe. Nakoraga kuri moteri ya moteri yabanje guhimba ibice bitandatu byashyizweho kashe kandi bisudira. Twongeye kubishushanya nkumushoramari umwe wa aluminium. Twakuyeho gusudira, kugabanya igihe cyo guterana, kugabanya ibiro 15%, no kunoza ubukana. Igiciro cyo gukina kuri buri gice cyari kinini, ariko igiciro cyose cyubutaka, gushingira mu guteranya no gutanga ibikoresho, cyari gito. Aho ni ahantu heza.
Indi mpamvu yerekana ni imikorere izindi nzira zidashobora gutanga. Imbere yo gukonjesha imbere murwego rwohejuru rwa feri ya Caliper nurugero rwibanze. Urashobora kugerageza kubikoresha, ariko bihenze mubumenyi bw'ikirere. Urashobora kugerageza guta umucanga, ariko hejuru yubuso hamwe nukuri kwiki gice byaba ari bibi, bikagira ingaruka kumikorere ikonje. Gutera ishoramari ni inzira yonyine ishobora kubaho. Byerekeranye nigiciro cya sisitemu yose hamwe nibikorwa, ntabwo igiciro cyibiciro gusa.
Umutego urenze ubuhanga. Nabonye ibice bifite kwihanganira +/- 0.5mm byerekanwe nko gushora imari mugihe umusenyi ukoreshwa neza ushobora gufata +/- 0.8mm neza neza kubice byigiciro. Ikiganiro kigomba gutangirana numurimo: Nibihe bipimo byukuri bikomeye? Ni izihe manza ziremereye? Ibidukikije cyangwa ubushyuhe ni ubuhe? Akenshi, uburyo bwa Hybrid bukora neza-koresha ishoramari kubice byingenzi, bigoye byigice, hamwe na weld cyangwa bolt kubice byoroshye, bihendutse. Gukomera muguhitamo inzira ni injeniyeri nziza yimodoka ntishobora kugura.
Kunanirwa kwisi-Amasomo
Wiga byinshi kubitsinzwe kuruta gutsinda. Kera mugihe cyanjye cyo guhangana nibi, twari dufite itegeko ryicyiciro cyicyuma cya EGR cyimibiri. Ibicapo byasaga neza. Twakoresheje umusaruro. Igenzura ryambere ryatsinzwe. Ariko mugihe cyo kugerageza umukiriya, twagize igipimo cya 30% cyo gutsindwa kuva micro-yamenetse. Ibyago. Intandaro? Igishushanyo cyari gifite impinduka zikaze ziva mumurongo ujya mubice bito. Irembo ryacu risanzwe ryaremye gato kugabanuka muri ako karere k'inzibacyuho. Gukosora ntabwo byari inzira yo kuvugurura; byari igishushanyo cyoroheje cyo guhindura - kongeramo radiyo ntoya kugirango iteze imbere icyerekezo. Twakoresheje ikiguzi cyicyo cyiciro. Isomo ntirizasibangana: ubufatanye nyabwo hagati yuwashushanyije nuwashinzwe inganda mu cyiciro cya DFM (Igishushanyo mbonera) ntabwo ari cyiza-kugira; niyo nzira yonyine yo gukora gushora imari byizewe kandi byubukungu.
Irindi somo ryavuye muburyo bwo gutanga-mugihe. Imodoka ikora kuri gahunda ihamye. Twari dufite inzira nziza yo kugenzura amaboko. Noneho, urufunguzo rwibanze rutanga ibikoresho bya ceramic filteri (ikoreshwa muri sisitemu yo kwinjirira) yari ifite ubuziranenge. Akayunguruzo gashya kari gafite gato gutandukana kuranga. Byari bihagije guhindura uburyo bwo kuzuza, bitera imivurungano iganisha kuri firime ya oxyde mubice bidakomeye ariko bigaragara. Ibice byari byiza, ariko byanze bikunze. Yahagaritse umurongo. Ubu dukoresha ibintu bibiri-byingenzi bikoreshwa kandi dufite protocole yo kugenzura ibintu tutigeze dutekereza kugenzura mbere. Urunigi rwo gutanga ni kimwe mubikorwa.
Inararibonye zirashimangira impamvu kuramba muriki gice bifite akamaro. Isosiyete ikora imyaka irenga 30, nka QSY, byanze bikunze yabonye izi nziga - ibura ry'ibikoresho, izamuka ry'ibiciro by'ingufu, bigenda bihindagurika. Ibyo kwibuka byinzego ni umutungo ugaragara. Birashoboka ko bubatse sisitemu zikomeye hamwe na gahunda yo kugarura ibintu muburyo busanzwe bwo gutsindwa, bisobanura mu buryo butaziguye kwizerwa kubakiriya babo b'imodoka. Ntabwo ari ukugira ibikoresho gusa; ni ukugira ubumenyi bwashinze imizi kubyo gukora mugihe, byanze bikunze, ikintu kidahari.
Kureba Umuhanda
Ari he gushora imari Umutwe? Amashanyarazi ni shoferi nini, ariko ntabwo muburyo bamwe batekereza. Nibyo, umubare munini wibice bishobora kugabanuka mumodoka ya batiri-amashanyarazi na moteri yo gutwika imbere. Ntakindi kigoye cyo gufata ibintu byinshi cyangwa ibice bisohora. Ariko, ibice bisigaye akenshi birasabwa cyane. Kuremerera cyane birakomeye cyane kugirango ugabanye uburemere bwa bateri, gusunika aluminiyumu na magnesium nyinshi hamwe ninkuta zoroshye. Sisitemu yo gucunga amashyuza ya bateri na moteri zirimo inzira zigoye, zahujwe ninzira nziza yo gushora imari.
Ikigeretse kuri ibyo, gusunika ibipaki ya batiri yubatswe cyangwa binini, ibinyabiziga byahujwe (megacastings) ahanini ni urwego rwumuvuduko ukabije wo gupfa cyangwa guta umucanga bitewe nubunini. Ariko muri ayo materaniro manini, hazaba harimo ntoya, ihangayitse cyane, hamwe na geometrike igoye cyane cyangwa ihuza aho gushora imari bishobora kuba igisubizo cyiza. Ejo hazaza ni bike kubijyanye nubunini nibindi bijyanye nagaciro-gukemura ibibazo byihariye, bigoye-bigoye cyane izindi nzira nini cyane zidashobora.
Tekinoroji iri muruganda nayo iratera imbere. Icapiro rya 3D ryibishashara cyangwa ibishishwa bya ceramic bivanaho zimwe mu mbogamizi gakondo zo gukoresha ibikoresho, bigatuma habaho igishushanyo mbonera cya tekinike hamwe na prototyping byihuse. Ariko itangiza impinduka nshya - guhuza ibice, ibiranga gutwika. Nibindi bikoresho, ntabwo ari umugozi wubumaji. Amahame yibanze ya metallurgie, imicungire yubushyuhe, hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera kiracyakurikizwa. Uburambe shingiro kuva mumyaka mirongo isanzwe gushora imari nicyo cyemerera uruganda gukoresha neza tekinoroji nshya utaguye mumitego mishya, ihenze. Nubukorikori butera, nkuko ari siyanse.
