Iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'Advanced powder metallurgie yateye imbere', bahita batekereza ibice byo mu kirere byikoranabuhanga cyane cyangwa wenda ibyo byatewe mubuvuzi. Ibyo ntabwo ari bibi, ariko ni akantu gato ko kubona udutabo. Ukuri, gusya kumunsi-kuwundi, nibyinshi mugukemura ibibazo bifatika: nigute ushobora kubona ibyo bikoresho bigoye kugirango bigumane imiterere yabyo binyuze mu gucumura utarinze, cyangwa nigute ushobora guhora ukubita ubucucike bwa 7.4 g / cm3 kumusaruro ukorwa ibice 50.000? Igice 'cyateye imbere' ntabwo ari ifu y'ibikoresho gusa; ni urunigi rwose rwo gutekereza, uhereye kumashanyarazi kugeza kumikorere ya nyuma. Amaduka menshi avuga ko afite ubushobozi hano, ariko satani ari muburyo burambuye impapuro nyinshi zitavuga.
Urufatiro: Itangira igahagarara hamwe nifu
Abantu bose bahangayikishijwe no gukanda no gucumura, ariko niba ifu yawe yifu idakwiye, wubaka kumusenyi. Nabonye imishinga yananiwe kubera ko gazi atomize ifu yicyuma idafite igabanywa rito. Urujya n'uruza mu rupfu ntirwahuzaga, biganisha kuri gradients yerekana gusa nk'ibice nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe. Ntushobora kubikosora nyuma. Guhitamo hagati y'amazi atomize na gaze atomize ntabwo ari ikiguzi gusa; bijyanye nigice cyanyuma ubuzima bwumunaniro. Ku nkoni ihangayikishijwe cyane n’imodoka twakoraga, uduce twa gaze ya pome ya gazi ya atomike hamwe na ogisijeni yo hasi ntago byaganiriweho, ndetse no kuri 30%. Aho niho ifu yateye imbere itangira rwose-kurwego rwibikoresho fatizo, hamwe no gusobanukirwa byimbitse uburyo ifu ya morfologiya itegeka ibintu byose hepfo.
Noneho hariho kuvanga. Byumvikane byoroshye: vanga ifu yibanze hamwe na grafite, lubricant, kandi wenda umuringa. Ariko kugera kubuvange bumwe butatandukanya mugihe cyo gutwara ibinyamakuru nubuhanzi buto. Twigeze kugira igice cyibice aho gukomera hejuru byari byiza, ariko intangiriro yari yoroshye. Yadutwaye icyumweru kugirango tuyisubize mumavuta yo kwisiga mugihe cyo kwimura gato. Inzira 'yateye imbere' yarekuwe nikibazo cyibanze gikemura ikibazo. Nibutsa guca bugufi ko iryo koranabuhanga ryicaye mu masangano ya chimie, physics, hamwe nubuhanga bukomeye bwubukanishi.
Iyi granular yibanda kumatungo niyo mpamvu ubufatanye nabatanga isoko byizewe ari ngombwa. Ntabwo ari ukugura ifu gusa; ni ukugira ibiganiro bya tekinike kuri byinshi-kuri byinshi. Isosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), hamwe n’imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo mu gutunganya no gutunganya neza, irabyumva neza. Mugihe intandaro yabo kuri https://www.tsingtaocnc.com yerekana ibishushanyo mbonera hamwe nogukora CNC, ubwo buryo bwo kumara igihe kinini hamwe nibikoresho bya siyansi - cyane cyane ibivangwa bidasanzwe nka nikel - bisobanura kubaha ishingiro ryumutungo wibintu byunguka muburyo butaziguye muburyo bwo gukora ifu ya metallurgie cyangwa kurangiza.
Ikintu Cyingenzi Cyigikoresho nicyatsi kibisi
Igishushanyo mbonera cya PM ni isi yonyine. Ntabwo ari akavuyo gusa; ni uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ifu, guhuza, no gusohora. Inguni zingirakamaro ni ntoya, uburebure bwurukuta butandukanye buroroshye, kandi munsi yubusanzwe ntabwo ari kugenda keretse niba ukora inshinge zicyuma (mubyara wa PM). Twashizeho igikoresho cya spock hamwe nuburyo bworoshye bwinyo. Ku mpapuro, byari byiza. Mubimenyerezo, guterana kutaringaniye mugihe cyo gusohora byateje umunota umunota mugice cyicyatsi. Ntibaboneka kugeza bacumuye, iyo bafunguye nkamakosa mato. Twagombaga gusubira inyuma, guhindura igikoresho cyo kurangiza kurangiza no gusohora - gusohora bito byatwaye ibyumweru bibiri mugeragezwa.
Imbaraga z'icyatsi-imbaraga z'ifu ifunitse igice mbere yo gucumura - ni ikindi kintu gikomeye ariko gikunze kwirengagizwa. Igena niba igice cyawe gishobora kurokoka gukemurwa, de-poro, no gushyirwa kumurongo. Hasi cyane, kandi irasenyuka; muremure cyane, kandi ushobora kuba urenze urugero, uzana ibibazo byayo. Ndibuka umukiriya wo mubikoresho byingufu zamashanyarazi washakaga inzu igoye cyane. Twageze kuri geometrie, ariko igice cyicyatsi cyari cyoroshye kuburyo byasabye sisitemu yo gukora robot yihariye. Igice cyagenze neza mubuhanga, ariko ubukungu bwumusaruro bwabaye ingorabahizi. Nibyo guhora ucuruza ifu yateye imbere: gusunika imipaka ya geometrike mugukomeza imbaraga.
Aha niho gukorana hamwe no gutunganya nyuma ya sinter biba ngombwa. Akenshi, inzira ya PM iguha 95% ngaho, ariko kwihanganira bikomeye cyangwa ibiranga nkibyobo bifata imashini bisaba gukora. Kugira ubuhanga bwo gutunganya murugo, nka QSY yihariye CNC ubushobozi, ninyungu nini. Ntabwo ukora igice cya PM gusa; urimo gukora inzira yo gukora. Umukanishi akeneye kumva imiterere yibikoresho byacumuye - birababaje, bigira ingaruka kumyambarire no gukata imbaraga muburyo butandukanye nibikoresho byakozwe. Ubwo bumenyi bufunze-buva mu gucumura kugeza kumashini yanyuma birinda intoki nyinshi-gutunga urutoki ibice byananiranye.
Gucumura: Aho Ubumaji n'amakosa bibera
Gucumura ni umutima wibikorwa. Ni imbyino yubushyuhe hamwe nigihe, ubushyuhe, nikirere. Itanura risanzwe rya mesh umukandara nibyiza kubice byinshi, ariko iyo winjiye ifu yateye imbere hamwe nubushakashatsi buhanitse cyane, ukunze kureba kuri vacuum sintering cyangwa ikirere cyumuvuduko mwinshi. Intego ni ugukora metallurgical bond hagati yifu yifu idashonga ibintu byose. Nuburinganire bworoshye.
Kugenzura ikirere ni byose. Akantu gato kameneka mu itanura rya hydrogène-azote irashobora kwinjiza ogisijeni, biganisha kuri okiside yo hejuru yangiza igice. Twigeze gucumura icyiciro cya nikel gishingiye kubice bivangwa nibidukikije byangiza. Ibipimo by'ubucucike no gukomera byari byiza nyuma ya sinter. Ariko mugihe cyumukiriya wumunyu-spray, bananiwe imburagihe. Nyirabayazana? Ikintu kitagaragara cyane cya carbone depletion hejuru, hejuru ya microne nkeya, biterwa nubusumbane bwikirere mugihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ibiti by'itanura byerekanaga ko byagabanutseho umuvuduko wa gaze twakwirukana nk'urusaku. Byari isomo rihenze mugukurikirana amakuru.
Igipimo cyo gukonjesha ni ikindi kintu. Kubyiciro bimwe byicyuma, urashobora guhindura igice cyo gukonjesha cy itanura kugirango ugere kuri microstructure yihariye, ukora neza kuvura ubushyuhe kumurongo. Kwishyira hamwe nibiranga inzira ziterambere. Ikuraho ibikorwa bya kabiri ariko bisaba kugenzura neza. Binyibukije neza ibikenewe mubikorwa byo gushora imari kuri turbine, aho imicungire yubushyuhe isobanura imiterere yingano. Ibigo byizewe bigenzurwa no gukomera, nkubunararibonye mu gushora imari (serivisi yingenzi kuri QSY), bifite uburyo bwo gutangiza amashyuza yimurwa muburyo bwo kumenya umurongo ucumura.
Nyuma yo Gutunganyirizwa: Gukora-cyangwa-Kumena Kurangiza
Benshi batekereza ko igice gikozwe nyuma yo gucumura. Kure. Ibice byacumuye bikenera ubunini (kongera-gukanda bwa nyuma), kuvura amavuta, gutera amavuta, cyangwa gutwikira ibintu bitandukanye. Kuvura amavuta, nkurugero, ikora magnetite (Fe3O4) igabanya ubukana no kurwanya ruswa kubice bishingiye ku byuma. Ariko niba ubushyuhe bwumuriro cyangwa igihe cyashize, ubona okiside itari yo, kandi igice kirabora aho kurindwa. Nintambwe yo kurangiza isaba kubahwa nkibikorwa nyamukuru.
Gutera amavuta ni ibisanzwe byo kwisiga. Igitekerezo nukuzuza porotike ihujwe namavuta. Byumvikane neza, ariko kugera kubintu byuzuye, gutera inda mu gice kinini cyane. Twakoresheje sisitemu yo gukuramo vacuum, ariko nubwo bimeze bityo, icyerekezo cyerekezo mubiseke. Igice gifite umwobo uhumye gishobora gufata umwuka, bigatera ahantu humye biganisha ku kwambara imburagihe muri serivisi. Gukemura ibi ntabwo bijyanye na tekinoroji nziza; nibijyanye no gutekerezaho gushushanya no kwemeza inzira.
Uku kwitondera kurangiza nicyo gitandukanya igice gikora nigice kimara. Ni filozofiya imwe mubona mubunyangamugayo buhanitse bwo gutunganya no gutunganya. Agaciro kanyuma ntabwo kari muburyo bwa net-net; biri mubikorwa byemewe. Iyo uruganda nka QSY rutondekanya akazi kabo hamwe na cobalt hamwe na nikel ishingiye kuri nikel kugirango isabe ibisabwa, bisobanura ubushobozi bwuzuye bwo kudashiraho gusa ahubwo bikarangiza igice kugirango kibeho mubuzima busanzwe-bwaba buturutse kumurongo cyangwa gupfa kwa PM.
Isi-Yukuri Ihuza nubukungu
Ni ryari ifu yateye imbere birumvikana? Ntabwo aribwo buryo bwonyine bwo guhitamo. Uhora upima kurwanya imashini ziva mububiko, gushora imari, cyangwa guhimba. Ikibanza kiryoshye kiragoye, gifite amajwi menshi aho gukoresha ibikoresho ari ngombwa. Tekereza ibikoresho bya tekinike yo kohereza: kuyitunganya bivuye kumyanda yumuringa hejuru ya 60% yibikoresho nka chip. PM ashobora kugira umusaruro wibintu 95%. Iyo urimo gukora ibihumbi magana, ibyo kuzigama byishyura ibikoresho byihuse.
Ariko ntabwo arikintu cyose. Umubare muto? Igikoresho cyo gukoresha kiracyica. Ibice binini cyane? Kanda tonnage nubunini bwitanura biba bigarukira. Ibice bisaba guhindagurika gukabije, isotropic? Ibikoresho byakozwe biracyatsinda. Icyangombwa ni ugusuzuma neza. Naganiriye nabakiriya gukoresha PM mugihe prototype yabo yibice 500 itagaragaje neza $ 80k igikoresho, ikabayobora aho kugana imashini cyangwa no guhuza indege ya prototyping. Intego ni ugukoresha igikoresho cyiza kumurimo.
Urebye imbere, guhuza ikoranabuhanga niho inyungu zikurikira ziri. Gukomatanya PM yerekana uburyo buke bwo gutunganya CNC, cyangwa gukoresha PM mugukora ibintu bidasanzwe (nkibyuma byinjijwemo umuringa kugirango byoroherezwe imbaraga nimbaraga) bidashoboka gukora mubundi buryo. Muri ubu buryo bwa Hybrid niho uburambe bwimbaraga bwinganda bwikigo biba ingirakamaro. Ubushobozi bwo kureba igice cyashushanyije kandi ntubone igice cya PM gusa, ahubwo urebe inzira ishobora kuba irimo PM kumubiri, ikintu cyashizwe kumutwe wingenzi, hamwe nigitambaro cyihariye cyo kurwanya imyenda - iyo niyo ndunduro yuzuye, ifatika yifu ya metallurgie yateye imbere. Irahagarika kuba inzira yihariye kandi ihinduka ikarita ikomeye mugice kinini cyibisubizo byinganda.
