Reka duce urusaku. Iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'imashini zikoreshwa mu buhinzi,' bashushanya igice cyoroshye, kinini. Iri ni ikosa rya mbere. Ukuri ni umukino-mwinshi wibintu bya siyansi yibintu, neza, hamwe nubuzima bubi bwuburimyi. Niho inenge ntoya mumazu ya gare cyangwa inama ya ploughshare ishobora guhagarika umusaruro. Nabonye ibishushanyo byinshi binanirana kuko injeniyeri yafataga casting nkibintu byibicuruzwa, ntabwo nkibigize injeniyeri. Itandukaniro ni byose.
Imyumvire yibanze: Imbaraga nubuzima bwumunaniro
Umuntu wese arashaka imbaraga zingutu. Numubare woroshye gusaba. Ariko muri mashini ya ag, ibyo hafi ya kabiri. Ikica igice ubuzima bw'umunaniro. Tekereza kuri traktor ihuza cyangwa ibisarurwa byumusaruzi wa chopper. Ntabwo ari umutwaro umwe; ni miliyoni icumi zitunguranye, kunyeganyega, n'ingaruka kubutaka bwamabuye. Ibyuma birebire cyane birashobora gucika imburagihe niba microstructure yayo idakwiye umunaniro.
Ibi twabyize inzira igoye imyaka myinshi hamwe na prototype yumukiriya kuri disikuru iremereye ya disiki ifite hub. Gutangira kwambere mubyuma bisanzwe byatsinzwe byatsinze ibizamini byose byumutwaro. Kurangiza neza, ibipimo byuzuye. Amezi atandatu mu bigeragezo byo mu murima wo mu burengerazuba bwo hagati, twabonye guhamagarwa: kuvunika kw'ibiza kuri flange. Isesengura ryatsinzwe ryerekanye inkomoko yumunaniro gakondo. Ikibazo nticyari imbaraga; yari ishusho ya grafite nodule no gukwirakwiza muri matrise y'icyuma. Twagombaga guhindukirira ferritic ductile icyuma kivuwe cyane hamwe no kugenzura uburyo bukomeye bwo gutera. Igishushanyo mbonera kiracyakorwa nubu.
Aha niho uburambe bwumushinga bwerekana. Iduka nka Ikoranabuhanga rya Qingdao Qiangsenyuan (QSY) Kubona. Hamwe nimyaka 30, babonye ibyo kunanirwa. Ntabwo basuka gusa kurupapuro rwihariye; babaza kubyerekeranye na porogaramu, umutwaro wizunguruka, ingingo zomugereka. Icyo kiganiro gifite agaciro kuruta icyemezo icyo aricyo cyose.
Impamvu Guhitamo Inzira Ntabwo ari ngombwa
Igikonoshwa cyibishushanyo mbonera hamwe nishoramari hamwe nicyatsi - ntabwo ari ibiciro byamanutse. Ni icyemezo gikora. Kubintu bigoye, binini-bikikijwe nkibikoresho bya hydraulic valve cyangwa imanza zikomeye, Igikonoshwa ni Intwari itaririmbwe. Iraguha ubuso bwiza bwo kurangiza no kugereranya neza kuruta guta umucanga gakondo, bivuze ko igihe gito cyo gutunganya kuri CNC nyuma. Ibyo bizigama amafaranga, ariko cyane cyane, irinda ubusugire bwuruhu rwa casting, akenshi usanga ari igice gikomeye.
Ndibuka umushinga wo gusarura ibisheke bikata umutwe. Igice cyari gifite imiyoboro y'imbere kandi cyari gikeneye kuba cyoroshye ariko gikomeye. Greensand yari ikaze cyane, kandi ishoramari ryuzuye ryarahenze cyane kubijwi. Igikonoshwa cyakozwe kuva QSY cyari cyiza cyo hagati. Igishushanyo mbonera basabye kwemererwa gushushanya neza, kandi hejuru ya as-cast yari nziza cyane kuburyo dushobora kugabanya amafaranga yo gukora, tukabika ibintu byinshi hamwe nigihe cyizuba kuburiri bwabo bwa CNC.
Ariko ntushobora kuba inyangamugayo. Kubito, ultra-complexe ibice nka nozzle inama kubitera cyangwa ibikoresho bito byambaye, gushora imari ni inzira yonyine yo kugenda. Ibisobanuro ntagereranywa. Gucuruza-ibiciro ni ikigero nubunini bugarukira. Ugomba kumenya igihe cyo gukoresha igikoresho.
Ibikoresho bya Maze: Hanze y'icyuma
Gutera ibyuma ni ijambo ridafite akamaro hano. Turimo tuvuga icyuma kijimye (cyiza cyo kunyeganyega, biteye ubwoba muri tension)? Ibyuma byangiza (birakomeye, ariko reba igice cyunvikana)? Cyangwa birashoboka ko icyuma cya grafite gicometse kuri kiriya kibanza cyiza hagati yumunaniro wumuriro na machinability? Kubice byo kwambara nkibice byo guhinga, dukunze kwimuka muburyo budasanzwe. Aha niho QSY ivuga cobalt cyangwa nikel ishingiye kuri nikel.
Twari dufite ikibazo cyo gukwirakwiza ifumbire mvaruganda yagumye ishaje kuruhande rwambere kuva ruswa. Ubusanzwe martensitike idafite umwanda ntabwo yagabanije. Twashushanyijeho nikel ishingiye kuri nikel hamwe na karubide ya chromium nyinshi. Gukina byari bigoye cyane - gusuka hejuru cyane, ibyago byinshi byo guturika. Uruganda rwagombaga guhindura sisitemu yo kwinjira no gukoresha amaboko adasanzwe ya exothermic. Igice cyatwaye inshuro eshatu, ariko ubuzima bwa serivisi bwiyongereyeho umunani. Kubakiriya, igiciro cyose cya nyirubwite cyaragabanutse. Nubwoko bwubwubatsi bwubuhanga nyabwo bwo gutora bushoboza.
Gukora Intoki: Aho Gutera Byigaragaza
Gukina neza birashobora kwangirika muri mashini yambere op. Isano iri hagati yimishinga nu iduka ryimashini irakomeye. Byiza, bari munsi yinzu. Imihangayiko y'imbere iturutse ku gukonja, ahantu hakomeye, gutandukana gake mubukomere - niba umukanishi atazi ko bahari, barashobora gusenya igikoresho cyangwa gutera ibice.
Ninyungu nini yumuterankunga uhagaritse. Iyo sosiyete imwe isuka casting, nka QSY, nayo ikora Imashini ya CNC ibigo, bafite ubumenyi bwuburyo butetse. Bazi uburyo igice runaka cyibyuma bivanga munsi yikata. Barashobora guhindura ibiryo n'umuvuduko bivuye kuburambe, ntabwo bivuye mumfashanyigisho gusa. Bashushanya kandi gukina bakoresheje imashini mubitekerezo: kongeramo ibimenyetso bya datum, kwemeza uburebure bwurukuta kugirango bigabanye kunyeganyega mugihe cyo gusya.
Nabaye mubihingwa aho gutara no gutunganya bitandukanye. Umukino wamakosa utangira umwanya imyitozo bitangiye. Ibikoresho byawe ntibihuye. Imiterere yawe iribeshya. Iyo bihujwe, ikibazo nikibazo gusa cyo gukemura. Bazasubira mubisuka bisuka, barebe igipimo cyo gukonjesha, hanyuma bahindure inzira kugirango ubutaha. Ukwo gukomeza ni zahabu.
Kunanirwa nk'Umwarimu (Abo Utibagiwe)
Wiga byinshi mubice byakuweho kuruta ibice igihumbi bitunganye. Kera mugihe cyanjye cyo guhangana na ag casting, twari dufite itegeko kubihumbi magana ya traktor biremereye. Igice cyoroshye, cyangwa rero twatekereje. Barimo guturika mububiko, mbere yuko bafungurwa. Biteye isoni kandi bihenze.
Intandaro? Shimangira ruswa. Utwugarizo twabitswe mu bubiko butose. Ibisigisigi bisigaye biva mubikorwa byo gukina, bifatanije na chimie yihariye mubyuma (bike cyane mubintu, nibagiwe ikintu nyacyo ubu), byateje umuyaga mwiza. Igisubizo nticyari impinduka ya chimie gusa; yarimo ishyira mubikorwa gahunda yo guhagarika umutima nyuma yo kunyeganyega. Inzira yoroheje, yubushyuhe buke. Noneho nuburyo busanzwe kuri kiriya gice cyumuryango. Iri somo kuri post-casting kuvura ubushyuhe ntabwo ryigeze rinsiga. Nubwoko bwubumenyi bwa tacit uruganda rurerure rukusanya mumagufwa yarwo.
Kureba imbere: Ubwihindurize butuje
Igihe kizaza ntabwo kijyanye n'uburozi bushya. Byerekeranye no guhanura no kwishyira hamwe. Porogaramu yo kwigana uburyo bwo kuzuza no gukomera igenda itera imbere, ariko iracyakeneye kwemezwa imyaka mirongo yamakuru afatika-ubwoko QSY ifite. Intego ni zeru prototyping, aho guta bwa mbere hanze yumusaruro uba witeguye serivisi.
Ibindi bigenda ni ugukurikirana. Hamwe nimirima minini hamwe nibikoresho bikomeye, kunanirwa bigomba gukurikiranwa gushonga, ubushyuhe, ndetse no guhinduranya. Ibishingwe byinshi bifata sisitemu kubwibi. Yongeraho ikiguzi, ariko kubijyanye na disikuru ikomeye cyangwa umutekano ujyanye numutekano mumashini yubuhinzi, biragenda bidashoboka. Gukina ntabwo ari igice gusa; ni ingingo yamakuru mubuzima bwimashini.
Noneho, iyo utekereje imashini zubuhinzi, ntutekereze icyuma kimwe. Tekereza umunaniro urwanya umunaniro, utezimbere-inzira, imashini ishobora kuvuka ivanze no kuvanga metallurgie, physics, hamwe nuburambe bukomeye. Ni itandukaniro hagati yigice kibaho igihe kimwe nikirokoka igisekuru. Ngiyo abakinnyi nyabo.
