Iyo wunvise 'ibikoresho byo gutera inshinge', ibitekerezo byinshi bisimbukira kuri poro yicyuma. Ngiyo umutwe wigikorwa, byanze bikunze. Ariko niba warigeze kumara umwanya munini mububiko, uziko inkuru nyayo itangirana na sisitemu ya binder ikarangirana nikirere cyitanura. Ni cocktail yose ifite akamaro, ntabwo ari umwuka gusa. Nabonye imishinga myinshi ihagaze kubera ko umuntu yashakishije ifu nziza, ifatika 17-4PH ariko akayihuza nigishashara rusange cya polimeri idashobora guhangana na geometrie y igice, biganisha ku kugoreka ibiza mugihe cyo kwishura. Ibikoresho ntabwo ari ibyuma gusa; ni amatungo. Nibyo byambere, kandi akenshi bihenze cyane.
Kugereranya ibiryo: Ubuhanzi burenze Ubumenyi
Kubona ibiryo neza birasa na alchemy rimwe na rimwe. Ikigereranyo cyiza cyo gupakira ifu - ingano yijana ryifu yicyuma muri binder - ni urugendo rukomeye. Shyira hejuru cyane kubice bigoye, kandi ubuze gutembera cyane MIM ihabwa agaciro. Imashini ibumba inshinge irarwana, ubona imirongo yo gusudira, ubusa. Hasi cyane, kandi igice kigabanuka bitateganijwe mugihe cyo gucumura, bikarangira bitagaragara. Kubintu byambaye cyane twigeze kwiruka, dukoresheje ifu nziza, gaze-atomize 316L, twagombaga guhamagara imizigo hasi gato uhereye kubitabo byifuzo. Kubera iki? Igice cyari gifite urwenya ruto rwambukiranya igice cyegeranye na hub. Gupakira bisanzwe byateje ibimenyetso. Twatandukanijwe nubucucike buri hasi kugirango tumenye kuzura, hanyuma duhindura umwirondoro wicyaha kugirango twishyure. Cyakoze, ariko ntabwo cyari mu gitabo icyo ari cyo cyose.
Aha niho uruhare rwa binder rudashyigikiwe nicyaha. Ntabwo ari kole yigihe gito. Kwangirika kwayo mugihe cyumuriro cyangwa kumashanyarazi bigomba guhuzwa neza nugupakira ifu. Kudahuza hano, ukabona kubyimba, guturika, cyangwa 'icyatsi kibisi' gusenyuka. Ndibuka icyiciro aho utanga binder yahinduye catalizator nta nteguza. Ibice byasaga neza neza biva mubibumbano, ariko mu ziko ryangirika, byanyerera nk'ifu irushye. Igihombo cyose. Ifu yari imwe, ibisobanuro byicyuma ntabwo byahindutse. Kunanirwa byari mubice 'bito' bigize sisitemu yo guhuza.
Reka tuvuge ibiranga ifu. Ikwirakwizwa nubunini bugabanijwe (PSD) nibintu byose. PSD ifunganye irashobora gutanga ibitekerezo byiza byo gupakira, ariko igenzurwa neza, ikwirakwizwa ryagutse gato ikunda kugenda neza mubikorwa hamwe nicyaha cyizewe. Kubiribwa bya cobalt-chrome byubuvuzi, twarwanye nibibazo bya porosity kugeza duhujije ubufindo bubiri butandukanye kugirango tubone umurongo mwiza wa PSD. Impapuro zerekana kuri buri mugabane 'zemewe', ariko amarozi yari avanze. Ntabwo wiga ibyo uhereye kumpapuro; urabyiga uhereye kubice byakuweho.
Gucumura: Aho Ibikoresho Mubyukuri
Ngiyo ingingo yo kutagaruka. Wahinduye kandi usibanganya 'igice cyijimye'. Noneho, mu itanura ryacumuye, ibice byicyuma birahuza nibintu byukuri bifatika. Aha niho uhitamo ibikoresho fatizo - ibyuma bidafite ingese, ibyuma byuma, ibikoresho bidasanzwe - bihura nigeragezwa numuriro. Kugenzura ikirere ni umwami. Agace gato ka ogisijeni kameneka mu kirere cya hydrogène-azote iyo ucumuye ibyuma birimo chromium nka 17-4PH birashobora kwangiza karubone yo hejuru kandi ikangiza ruswa. Twize gukoresha ibice bya dummy mbere ya buri cyiciro gikomeye kugirango 'tugerageze' ikirere cy'itanura, politiki yubwishingizi ihendutse.
Inzira yo gucumura ubwayo nigikoresho cyihariye. Igipimo cyizamuka, fata ubushyuhe, umuvuduko ukonje - byose byerekana microstructure yanyuma. Ku mushinga usaba ibintu byoroshye bya magnetiki (nka Fe-50% Ni), igipimo cyo gukonja kiva mubushyuhe bukabije cyari ingenzi kugirango utezimbere ibyifuzo bya magneti. Byihuse cyane, kandi twabuze idirishya ryumutungo. Byatwaye itanura eshatu hamwe na tekinike yo gukonjesha yoroheje kugirango ikubite. 'Ibikoresho' kuri gahunda yo kugura byari Fe-50Ni gusa. Ibikoresho bikora byaremewe muri iryo tanura.
Shrinkage nibindi bihinduka bikomeye, bihujwe neza nibiryo. Dufite intego yo kugabanuka kwa isotropic, ariko ntabwo yigeze iba imwe. Kugirango ibikoresho bisobanuke neza, twagombaga gukora umwobo wububiko dushingiye kumpamvu zo kugabanuka twateje imbere kuri ayo matungo yihariye 4140, ntabwo ari umucuruzi rusange 15-18%. Ibintu byacu byari 16.7% ± 0.3% mu ndege ikomeye. Ubwo busobanuro bwaturutse ku gupima amagana yacumuye no guhuza inyuma. Nubwoko bwubumenyi bwibintu buguma mubitabo byimbere byikigo.
Impamvu Amavuta nka Cobalt na Nickel Guhindura Umukino
Kwimuka mubyuma bisanzwe bidafite ingese mubintu nka cobalt cyangwa nikel kuri MIM ni intambwe-ihinduka mubibazo nibiciro. Ibi ntabwo ari 'ibyuma bya fancier' gusa. Idirishya ryacumuye rirashobora kuba rito cyane. Cobalt-chromium-molybdenum ivanze kugirango ikoreshwe mu buvuzi irashobora gucengera mu idirishya rya dogere selisiyusi 20 kugira ngo igere ku bwinshi bwuzuye idakuze. Babuze, kandi ubona ibisigisigi bisigaye cyangwa embrittlement.
Gukuraho binder kuri ziriya mikorere yo hejuru cyane nayo irigora. Ifu yabo ikunze kuba reaction, kubwibyo gukuramo catalitike (ukoresheje imyuka ya acide ya nitric, urugero) birashobora guhitamo kuruta uburyo bwumuriro buhoro kugirango wirinde kwanduza hejuru. Ibi byongera inzira igoye hamwe nigiciro. Ariko kwishyura ni ibice bifite imitungo yegeranye nibikoresho byakozwe - tekereza kuri moteri ya moteri yindege ya moteri ikora binyuze muri MIM ivuye kuri nikel superalloy. Agaciro kari muri net-imiterere igoye, ntabwo igiciro cyibikoresho gusa.
Aka ni agace gashinze imizi nuburambe bwo gukora biba ingirakamaro. Isosiyete ifite amateka maremare mu gushora imari no gutunganya amavuta adasanzwe, nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), azana imyumvire itandukanye kuri MIM. Bakomeje guhangana na metallurgie ya idasanzwe kumyaka mirongo binyuze mugikonoshwa cyabo no gushora imari. Ubwo bumenyi bwashinze imizi bwukuntu ibyo byuma bitwara munsi yubushyuhe, uburyo bikorana nikirere, nuburyo bishobora kurangira ni umutungo munini mugihe ugiye kubumba. Basobanukiwe ko nyuma yicyaha ari intangiriro yubusa kubice byinshi, bizakenera neza Imashini ya CNC guhura nubworoherane bwa nyuma kubintu bikomeye. Inzira ya MIM hamwe no guhitamo ibikoresho byateguwe hamwe nintambwe yo gutunganya nyuma.
Ihuza ryimashini: MIM ntabwo buri gihe isobanura 'Byarangiye'
Igitekerezo gikocamye ni uko ibice bya MIM bisohoka mu itanura ryiteguye gukoresha. Kuri benshi, yego. Ariko kubintu bisobanutse neza, gucumura bikurikirwa nibikorwa bya kabiri. Ibi nibyingenzi muguhitamo ibikoresho. Urashobora guhitamo icyiciro-cyakomanze, cyangwa kimwe kizavurwa nubushyuhe nyuma yo gucumura. Ariko ugomba no gutekereza kuri machinability. Igice cya MIM cyacumuye gifite microstructure nziza, ariko ntabwo buri gihe ari inzozi kumashini. Irashobora gutesha agaciro.
Twari dufite ikibazo hamwe na 440C ibyuma bitagira umuyonga MIM igice cyari gikeneye umwobo. Igice cyari cyuzuye kandi gikomeye nyuma yo gucumura. Kuyikubita ku buryo butaziguye byari guhekenya ibikoresho. Tugomba guhindura ingengabihe yo gusiga kugirango tuyirekere muburyo bworoshye bwo gutunganya, hanyuma twongereho ubukana bukabije. Inzira 'ibikoresho' yari itya: gutunganya ibiryo -> kubumba -> gusiba -> gucumura (byoroshye) -> gutunganya CNC -> kuvura ubushyuhe -> ibicuruzwa byanyuma. Urugendo rwibikoresho ntirwarangiye nyuma yitanura.
Uku guhuza ibitekerezo ni urufunguzo. Niyo mpamvu bamwe mubakinnyi batsinze neza atari amaduka meza ya MIM. Nibikorwa byahujwe, nka QSY, bahuza inzira. Bashobora kureba igishushanyo cyibintu bigoye, binini-binini cyane hanyuma bakareba niba gushora imari, MIM, cyangwa uburyo bwimvange nibyiza bishingiye kuri geometrie, ibikoresho, nubunini. Imyaka 30 bamaze mugukora no gutunganya bivuze ko bahisemo ibikoresho bya MIM hamwe no gusobanukirwa byuzuye murwego rwose rwo gukora, ntabwo ari intambwe yo kubumba no gucumura. Bazi ko ikiguzi nyacyo cyibikoresho gikubiyemo uburyo cyitwara mubikorwa byose byakurikiyeho.
Kunanirwa n'amasomo basohora
Ntabwo wiga ibikoresho kubitsinzi. Wigira kumabati y'ibisigazwa. Kera kare, twagerageje gukoresha ibyuma bito-bigaburira ibyuma bigenewe ibice byimodoka. Ibice byacumuye neza, bisa neza. Ariko mugupima spray yumunyu, barayogosheje mumasaha, mugihe igice gisanzwe cyakozwe mugice kimwe cyamara ibyumweru. Nyirabayazana? Gutakaza karubone mugihe cyo gucumura bitewe nikirere kidahuye neza na chimie yubutaka bwihariye. Ibikoresho 'urwego' byari ukuri, ariko inzira yari yarahinduye imikorere yayo. Tugomba guhinduranya ifu yakozwe na MIM, hamwe na passivation itandukanye, kandi tugakomeza protocole y'itanura. Urupapuro rwerekana ntacyo rwamariye niba tutagenzuye inzira yaremye ibintu byanyuma.
Ikindi gihe, twasuzumye dukoresheje MIM-tungsten iremereye cyane. Ubucucike bwari butangaje, ariko ibiryo byari bizwi ko bigoye kubumba buri gihe. Twamaranye amezi kumarembo no kwiruka, ubushyuhe bwububiko, ibipimo byo gutera. Twabonye ibice bikora, ariko umusaruro ntiwigeze ubaho mubukungu. Twarayirinze. Ibikoresho byari byizewe ku mpapuro, ariko ibintu bifatika byo kuyihindura kuva mu bworozi no mu bice byizewe byishe umushinga. Urwo nirwo rubanza rukomeye uhamagarira guhamagarira gusa kugerageza no gutsindwa.
Iyo rero ntekereje ibikoresho byo gutera inshinge ubungubu, simbona gusa urutonde rwimvange. Ndabona casade yibyemezo: imiterere yifu nubunini, chimie ya binder, gupakira ifu, uburyo bwo gukuramo, imiterere yikirere cy itanura, kuvura ubushyuhe bushoboka, hamwe no gutunganya ibya kabiri. Ibikoresho ni urunigi rwose. Nibikorwa byasobanuwe. Kubona neza bisobanura kubaha buri murongo, kandi ubwo bumenyi ntabwo bwaguzwe-bwubatswe igice, kunanirwa no gutsindwa, mumyaka. Ni itandukaniro hagati yo gutumiza ifu nubuhanga.
