Urabona ASTM A747 yazamutse ku gishushanyo cyangwa urupapuro rwihariye, kandi abantu benshi bahita bayijugunya hamwe nizindi mvura-ikomera amanota atagira umwanda. Iri ni ikosa rya mbere. Ntabwo ari '17 -4PH ubundi 'cyangwa umuhamagaro rusange. Ibisobanuro biri mubisobanuro bya 'CB' na 'CX' - CB7Cu-1 na CB7Cu-2. 'Cu' ni ugutanga. Ukwo kongeramo umuringa nibyo bituma yitwara ukundi mugihe cyo kuvura ubushyuhe, kandi mvugishije ukuri, niho usanga inganda nyinshi n'amaduka yimashini byikandagira niba bidahamagaye. Nabonye ibice bisohoka bifite umubare munini cyane ariko birwanya ingaruka zikomeye kuko ukwezi gusaza kwari gake cyane kuri chimie yubushyuhe bwihariye. Nibintu bisaba kubaha inzira zayo, ntabwo ari ibintu byanyuma.
Igorofa Igorofa Ukuri hamwe na A747
Gutanga amanota ya CB7Cu ntabwo ari nko gusuka 304 cyangwa 17-4. Amazi aratandukanye, ibiranga kugabanuka biragaragara cyane. Ugomba kwitonda ukoresheje amarembo yawe. Kera kare, twari dufite icyiciro cyishoramari ryimibiri ya valve - ibintu bigoye, byoroheje-byakomeje kwerekana micro-porotike mubice bikomeye kuri X-ray. Twakoreshaga uburyo busanzwe bwo kugaburira bukora kuri 316. Byananiranye hano. Ikibazo nticyari isuku; kwari ukugenzura gukomeye. Twagombaga guhindura sisitemu yo kugaburira yose, twongeraho byinshi, ariko bito, risers ahantu runaka kugirango duteze imbere icyerekezo gikabije. Ibyo byakemuye, ariko byongeyeho ikiguzi no kugorana. Nibyo gucuruza ASTM A747.
Ibindi byukuri ni ubushyuhe bwo kuvura. Ntushobora gutandukanya inzira yo gukina nigisubizo gikurikira annealing no gusaza. Imiterere ya as-cast ni igisubizo gikemurwa niba ukonje byihuse kuva mubibumbano, ariko uracyakeneye igisubizo gisanzwe anneal kugirango ushongeshe ibintu byose. Amayeri ni ukumenya uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze. Niba igipimo cyawe cyo gukonjesha mugikonoshwa cyangwa mububiko kidahuye, urashobora kugira imvura yamaze kuba imwe. Noneho, igisubizo cyawe cyakurikiyeho anneal ntishobora guhuza byimazeyo imiterere. Twize gukurikirana igipimo cyo gukonjesha kuri prototype hamwe na thermocouples. Muri icyo gihe byasaga nkuburenze, ariko byaduhaye amakuru kugirango tumenye ibihe byacu byo guhinda umushyitsi hamwe nuburyo bwo gukonjesha, ibyo bigatuma ubushyuhe bwa nyuma buvugwa cyane.
N'imashini? Ni idubu muburyo bwo gukemura-gummy, umurongo, kandi ikora-nkumusazi. Urashaka rwose kuyikora mumiterere yanyuma yubusaza. Ariko ugomba kubara impinduka zingana kuva gusaza. Ntabwo ari binini, ariko kubice bifite kwihanganira gukomeye mu ndege nyinshi, birahagije gusiba igice. Twubaka muburyo bwo gusaza intambwe yo gutunganya, gusiga hafi 0.5mm kuruhande, hanyuma imyaka, hanyuma kurangiza imashini. Kugerageza gukubita ± 0.025mm kwihanganira kwihanganira gukora mbere yimyaka kandi wizeye ko bitimuka ni ikosa ryibicucu. Nabaye umuswa. Impapuro zamakuru ziguha coefficient, ariko kugenda nyabyo biterwa nigice cya geometrie - ibice byimbitse hamwe nurubuga ruto. Nubumenyi bw'inararibonye.
CX na CB: Ubucuruzi bwa Ruswa
Ibisobanuro bikubiyemo CB7Cu-1 na CB7Cu-2. Ubwenge busanzwe nuko CX (CB7Cu-2) ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa bitewe na chromium nyinshi. Nibyo, muri rusange. Ariko ibyiza ni isano. Niba ukeneye rwose kurwanya ruswa, birashoboka ko utagomba kureba imvura-ikomera idafite umwanda. Agaciro ka ASTM A747 ni ihuriro ryayo irwanya ruswa hamwe nimbaraga nyinshi cyane zivuye muburyo bworoshye, bugoretse buke.
Twatanze urukurikirane rwa CB7Cu-1 (rusanzwe rusanzwe, ruswa-ruswa) rushobora kuvoma amazi. Umukiriya yabanje gutsimbarara ku cyiciro cya CX, asubiramo imbonerahamwe ya ruswa. Nyuma yo gusuzuma ibidukikije nyabyo - gutembera rimwe na rimwe, guhagarara rimwe na rimwe, chloride hafi 1000 ppm - twaganiriye na CB. Igitekerezo cyari imbaraga. Abimura bahuye nibibazo byinshi bya centrifugal hamwe nisuri ya cavitation. Kurwanya ruswa irwanya CX ntabwo byari ibintu bigabanya; imbaraga za mashini no kurwanya umunaniro uturuka kuri cavitation bubbles byari. CB7Cu-1, ifite imyaka kugeza kuri H900, yatanze imbaraga nyinshi. Twakoresheje ama coupons ya ruswa mubidukikije bigereranijwe muminsi 30. Ibice bya CB byerekanaga ubuso buke, buringaniye, ntaho bihuriye. Yararenganye. Umukiriya yazigamye kubiciro, kandi twirinze kunanirwa kunanirwa. Nibijyanye no guhuza umutungo nuburyo nyabwo bwo gutsindwa, ntabwo uhitamo gusa umubare munini kurupapuro rwamakuru.
Aha niho umufatanyabikorwa ufite uburambe bwimbitse bwingirakamaro. Amaduka agabanya ibyuma gusa ashobora kubona ibyiciro byombi nkibishobora guhinduranya kuruhande rwa chimie. Ntabwo aribyo. Igisubizo cyo kuvura ubushyuhe kiratandukanye gato, imashini irahinduka, kandi ibahasha yanyuma ikora iratandukanye. Kuri Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), hamwe nimyaka mirongo itatu mugukina no gutunganya ibishishwa bidasanzwe, ubu ni bwo buryo bwo guhamagarira urubanza bibaho buri munsi. Ntabwo ari ukugira urupapuro rwihariye; ni ukugira amakuru yamateka kuva mubice bisa kugirango amenyeshe guhitamo hagati ya CB na CX.
Isesengura Kunanirwa: Iyo Abakinnyi beza bagiye nabi
Amasomo yigisha cyane aturuka kunanirwa. Twari dufite icyiciro cyimiterere yububiko, cyashyizwe muri CB7Cu-1, cyatsinze ibizamini byose bya NDT nubukanishi ariko birananirana muri serivisi nyuma y amezi agera kuri atandatu avunika. Umunaniro wa classique classique gutangiza no gukwirakwizwa. Nyirabayazana? Ubuso burangirira kuri radiyo. Igishushanyo cyahamagaye icyuzuzo cya 3mm, ariko hejuru ya as-cast muri iyo fillet yari itoroshye - ahari Ra 12.5 microne cyangwa irenga. Mubikoresho-bikomeye, bikomeye-bikomeye nkibisaza ASTM A747, ubusembwa bwubuso ni imbaraga zibanda cyane. Igice cyujuje ibyapa byapimwe, ariko ibyangombwa bisabwa kugirango inzira igabanuke neza.
Twahinduye imyitozo nyuma yibyo. Noneho, kubice byose A747 bigengwa na sikeli yipakurura, turerekana hejuru yimashini irangiye (Ra 3.2 cyangwa irenga) kuri radiyo zose zikomeye ninzibacyuho, nubwo icapiro ridahamagaye neza. Tuzabisubiramo nkigikorwa cya kabiri gikenewe. Rimwe na rimwe, injeniyeri asubiza inyuma ikiguzi, kandi tubereka amafoto ya macro yinkomoko yamenetse. Ubusanzwe ibyo birangiza ibiganiro. Imbaraga nini yibikoresho irakurwanya niba usize impungenge.
Ubundi buryo bwo kunanirwa ni hydrogen embrittlement. Ibi ntabwo bihariye A747, ariko kubera ko bikunze gukoreshwa mubushobozi bukomeye, ibyago biriyongera. Ibi twahuye nabyo mubice bisaba isahani yo kwihanganira kwambara. Igikorwa cyo gufata amasahani cyatangije hydrogène, hanyuma ubushyuhe bwo hasi bwo gutekesha hydrogène ntibyari bihagije kubera ubukana bwihariye (HRC 45) twari dufite. Ibice byatsinze QC ariko birananirana munsi yumutwaro mu nteko. Gukosora byari birebire, bishyushye bishyushye, byemejwe no kugerageza imitwaro irambye kubice by'icyitegererezo. Yongeyeho intambwe, ariko ntibyari ibiganiro. Ibisobanuro ntibishobora gusobanura neza kuri buri ntambwe ishoboka nyuma yo gutunganya, ugomba rero kumenya imikoranire.
Gukora no Kurangiza
Reka tuvuge kubyerekeye kuva muri casting mbisi kugeza igice cyarangiye. Nkuko nabivuze, gutunganya nyuma yubusaza ninzira yonyine ifite ubwenge. Koresha ceramic cyangwa CBN winjizamo kurangiza; karbide ikora ariko yambara vuba kubera abrasiveness yimiterere ikomeye. Coolant irakomeye-umwuzure. Ugomba gutwara ubushyuhe kure, ntabwo ari amavuta gusa. Twagize amahirwe hamwe na sisitemu yo gukonjesha cyane yo gucukura umwobo wimbitse muri aya manota, kwirinda gusudira chip no gukora gukomera muri bore.
Gusya na EDM nibisanzwe ops. Gusya bisaba ibiziga byoroheje na pass yoroheje kugirango wirinde gutwikwa. Gutwika ku gice cya A747 birashobora gukora ahantu harengereye ahantu hakeye. Kuri EDM, urwego rwisubiramo ni impungenge. Birakomeye, byoroshye, kandi akenshi bicika micro. Igomba gukurwaho, mubisanzwe no gutembera kworoheje cyangwa gutonesha intoki, cyane cyane ahantu hagaragara umunaniro. Ntushobora EDM gusa ukayita byakozwe. Nabonye ibice aho EDM yongeye kwisubiramo bitavanyweho, kandi byakoze nk'ahantu ho gutangirira guhangayikishwa no kwangirika kwa chloride. Igice cyasaga neza ariko cyarangiritse.
Ubu bushobozi bukomatanyirijwe hamwe - uhereye mugikonoshwa cyangwa gushora imari ukoresheje CNC itunganijwe neza kandi ikamenyeshwa nyuma yo gutunganywa - nicyo gitandukanya uwatanze ibice nibitanga ibisubizo. Isosiyete nka QSY, ikora ibintu byose uhereye kumashanyarazi gushiramo kugeza kumurongo wa nyuma munsi yinzu, ifite inyungu nini hamwe nibintu nkibi. Barashobora kugenzura ibihinduka no gukurikirana intambwe zikorwa, bakumva uburyo ihinduka ryikigereranyo cyo gukonjesha rishobora kugira ingaruka kubikorwa byimikorere ibiri kumurongo. Utakaza urudodo mugihe wohereje casting mbisi kubacuruzi batatu batandukanye.
Impamvu Ihangane mumpapuro zihariye
Hamwe nibi bibazo byose, kuki ASTM A747 gutsimbarara? Kuberako mugihe ukeneye casting ishobora kuvurwa ubushyuhe bugera kuri 1300 MPa itanga imbaraga hamwe no kugoreka gake, ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa kubidukikije byinshi byinganda, kandi birashobora gukorerwa muri geometrike igoye, ubundi buryo ni buke. Urashobora kujya mubyuma bya maraging, ariko rero birwanya ruswa. Urashobora gukoresha duplex idafite umwanda, ariko ntuzabona urwego rwimbaraga. Urashobora guhimba mububiko, ariko utakaza ubwisanzure bwo gushushanya kandi akenshi bisaba amafaranga menshi yo gutunganya imyanda.
Nibyiza, ariko nibyingenzi. Tekereza ibikorwa byo mu kirere, imikorere ya valve ikora cyane, ibice bya pompe murwego rwingufu, nibikoresho byihariye. Ntabwo aribikoresho byinshi. Agaciro kayo kari mumiterere yacyo. Urufunguzo kubantu bose bakorana nuguhagarika kubitekereza nkicyuma kidafite ingese. Bitekerezeho nka sisitemu: chimie yihariye, uburyo bwo gutara bugenzurwa cyane, protocole yo kuvura ubushyuhe butavuguruzwa, hamwe ningamba zo gutunganya no kurangiza zagenewe imbaraga zikomeye. Kubura umurongo umwe, kandi urunigi birananirana.
Mu kurangiza, intsinzi hamwe na A747 iramanuka kubaha inzira. Ntabwo ari ibikoresho ushobora gukingira amababa. Ukeneye amakuru, ukeneye amateka yerekanwe, kandi ukeneye abafatanyabikorwa banyuze mubisubiramo - ibyiza nibibi - kugirango umenye aho imitego ihishe iri. Nicyo giciro nyacyo cyibikoresho: ntabwo igiciro cya kilo kuri alloy, ahubwo ishoramari mubumenyi bwibikorwa kugirango rikore nkuko ryamamajwe.
