Iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'ibice by'icyuma,' bashushanya ibibyimba biremereye, byoroshye, byoroshye. Nicyo gitekerezo kinini. Mubyukuri, ibikorwa bigezweho byo gutunganya no gutunganya byahinduye ibyuma bikozwe mubintu bitangaje kandi byizewe. Urufunguzo ntabwo ari ugukina gusa; ni urugendo rwose kuva mubibumbano kugeza birangiye, byakozwe. Nabonye imishinga myinshi yananiwe kuko umuntu yashakishije casting ihendutse atumva uruhare rukomeye rwigipimo cyo gukonjesha kugenzurwa, kuvanga neza, kandi cyane cyane, nyuma yo gutara. Nibikorwa byo kurangiza bifungura ubushobozi bwukuri bwibikoresho - guhindagurika kwayo, kutambara kwambaye, guhagarara neza. Reka tuvuge uko iyo nzira isa rwose hasi.
Urufatiro: Itangira (Kandi Irashobora Kurangira) Hamwe na Mold
Ntushobora gukuramo imashini mbi. Nibyiza, urashobora kugerageza, ariko uzashya ukoresheje ibikoresho na bije. Guhitamo inzira yububiko itegeka byose. Kubice bigoye, bikikijwe n'inkuta murwego rwo hejuru rwicyuma cyangiza, hafi buri gihe twerekeza Igikonoshwa. Uburinganire buringaniye buva kumusenyi usizwe hejuru buruta umucanga wicyatsi gakondo, biha abakanishi ba CNC amahirwe yo kurwana. Ubuso burangirira mubibumbano bifite isuku, bigabanya kimwe mubiciro byihishe: kubanza gukora isuku. Ndibuka icyiciro cyamazu ya pompe aho umukiriya yashimangiye kumucanga uhendutse cyane. Umurongo wo gutandukana flash yari ikomeye kandi idasanzwe kuburyo byatwaye hafi 30% kugirango uhuze kandi uhangane na buri gice mbere yuko dutangira no gutunganya imashini nyayo. Ibyo kuzigama byahise bishira.
Kuri geometrike igoye cyane - tekereza imiyoboro y'imbere, munsi, cyangwa ibintu bidashoboka gukora imashini -gushora imari ni ukujya, ndetse no kubintu bimwe bivanze. Igishashara cyibishashara cyemerera ibyo bigoye. Ariko dore gufata ibyuma: ubushyuhe bwayo busuka no kugabanuka. Niba sisitemu ya gating na riser idakozwe numuntu usobanukiwe nicyuma cyihariye cyo gukomera, uzabona kugabanuka gukabije kurukuta rukomeye. Icyo gice ni ibisakuzo. Ntabwo ingano yimashini izakemura icyuho kiri imbere yikintu kiremereye. Nisomo twakuye kuri prototype yananiwe kumubiri wa hydraulic valve mumyaka yashize.
Aha niho uburambe bwumushinga butagibwaho impaka. Isosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), hamwe nimyaka yabo muri casting, irabyumva imbere. Ibikorwa byabo byigihe kirekire byerekana ko bayoboye iyi mitego yihariye yibihumbi. Ntabwo bakora ibumba gusa; bayobora ibyuma. Kuri guta ibyuma, bivuze kugenzura ibirimo karubone nuburyo ifata - flake grafite yo kumanura, nodular grafite imbaraga. Kubona iryo kosa murwego rwo gushonga bituma igice kidafite akamaro kubikorwa byacyo, utitaye kuburyo akazi ka CNC ari keza nyuma.
Imashini: Aho Igice kigaragara
Iyi ni isi yanjye. Gukata mbisi bigeze, kandi ni canvas irimo ubusa na mines zihishe. Intambwe yambere ni kenshi kugabanya imihangayiko. Abakinnyi bafite ibibazo byimbere. Niba ukoresheje uruhande rumwe ruringaniye kandi ruremereye, urekura izo stress kandi igice gishobora guturika ijoro ryose. Twize kubaka mubushuhe bwumuriro kubintu bisobanutse neza nkibiri guhuza imashini ipima imashini. Simbuka, kandi kwihanganira uburinganire byarashize.
Noneho haza gushyirwaho. Abakinnyi ntago ari bamwe. Ntabwo ufite fagitire nziza, yasya kugirango ukomere. Ugomba kumenya rimwe na rimwe imibare idahuye kuva mububiko. Dukoresha urwasaya rworoshye rwashizwe kumurongo wa casting yihariye nkubuso. Nuburyo butwara igihe, ariko nuburyo bwonyine bwo kwemeza ko gukata kwawe kunegura kwerekanwe neza kuri geometrie yihariye. Niba datum yawe yazimye igice cya milimetero hano, iryo kosa rikwirakwizwa mubikorwa byose byakurikiyeho.
Gukata ubwabyo ni imbyino hamwe no gukuramo. Igishushanyo cyicyuma ni amavuta, ariko ibikoresho muri rusange birakomeye kubikoresho. Carbide yinjizamo igifuniko cyiburyo hamwe nuburyo bukomeye ni itegeko. Coolant ningirakamaro ntabwo ari ugukonjesha gusa, ahubwo ni ugukuraho micro-chip abrasive ishobora kongera guca icyinjijwe cyangwa igice cyubuso. Intego ni chip isukuye, ikomeza. Niba urimo kubona umukungugu cyangwa uduce twinshi, urimo wica igikoresho cyawe kandi ukomora akazi hejuru, bigatuma inzira ikurikira irushaho gukomera. Kurangiza kunyura hejuru yikimenyetso cya compressor yicyuma, ibi nibintu byose. Ubuso bwubuso bwingirakamaro nkurwego.
Matrix yibikoresho: Ntabwo ibyuma byose ari imvi na Chunky
Kugaragaza icyuma gikozwe ni nko kwerekana ibyuma - ntacyo bivuze. Icyuma cyijimye (Icyuma cyumuhondo) nicyiza cyo kumanura kandi byoroshye kumashini. Icyuma cyangiza (icyuma cyitwa Nodular) gifite imbaraga zingana hafi yicyuma, gikoreshwa mumashanyarazi hamwe nibice byinshi. Noneho ufite ibyuma byinshi bidasanzwe bivanze, nka Ni-Kurwanya kurwanya ruswa. Buri mashini zitandukanye.
Twakoze kumushinga usaba ibice bya sisitemu yo hejuru yubushyuhe. Ikirangantego cyahamagaye nikel-chromium ivanze ibyuma byangiza. Ibikoresho byo gutunganya biva muri progaramu isanzwe ya ductile ibyuma byari byazimye burundu. Ibikorwa byinangiye cyane. Tugomba kugabanya umuvuduko, kongera ibiryo gato kugirango tujye munsi yakazi gakomeye, kandi dukoreshe geometrie ikaze. Byari ikigeragezo namakosa kubice bike byambere, kurya inshuro ebyiri zinjiza mbere yuko tuyihamagara. Aha niho ubumenyi bwibikoresho byabatanga ibintu bifite akamaro. Niba uruganda rwabo rushobora gukora idasanzwe nka nikel cyangwa ishingiye kuri cobalt, nkuko urugero rwa QSY rubigaragaza, igabana ryabo ryimashini rishobora kuba rifite amakuru afatika kugirango akemure guta ibyuma bikozwe muri ayo mavuta. Ukwo gukomeza kuva gushonga kugeza urusyo ninyungu nini.
Kuvanga ibikoresho nibindi byukuri. Birasanzwe kugira inzu yicyuma ikenera guhuza ibyuma bitagira umuyonga cyangwa ibihuru byumuringa byashyizwemo. Coefficient zo kwagura ubushyuhe ziratandukanye. Imashini ikwiranye nicyuma ku byuma irashobora kuba irekuye cyane cyangwa ishobora gukomera ku cyuma-kuri-bronze. Twigeze kugira intambamyi ikora neza kuri 20 ° C ariko ifata neza mugihe inteko yageze kubushyuhe bwo gukora kuko twirengagije ibi. Noneho, ni igenzura risanzwe ku gishushanyo mbonera.
Ubwiza: Ibisobanuro birambuye Ntushobora Kwirengagiza
Igenzura ryerekanwa rifata ibice bigaragara cyangwa gufunga imbeho. Ariko iterabwoba nyaryo ni munsi y'ubutaka. Twifashishije ibizamini bya ultrasonic kubice byingenzi kugirango tubone kugabanuka cyangwa gaze. Kugenzura ibice bya magnetique nibisanzwe kubutaka hejuru yibikoresho bya fer nka guta ibyuma. Ibi ntabwo ari amahitamo kubice bikomeye byumutekano. Umukiriya yigeze kudusaba gusimbuka NDT kugirango tubike ikiguzi nigihe mugihe cyicyiciro cya feri ya caliper brake. Twanze. Inshingano ntabwo ikwiye. Nyuma yimyaka itatu, igice cyumunywanyi cyananiwe kuva umucanga utamenyekanye, kandi urubanza rwavuyemo rwarahombye. Kwinangira kwacu kwadukijije.
Kugenzura ibipimo nyuma yimashini nubundi buryo. CMM nibyiza, ariko kubikorwa byinshi-byinshi, ibipimo bikora byateganijwe kwihanganira ibintu byihuse. Ikibazo hamwe na casting nuko utagenzura gusa imashini zikoreshwa; urimo kugenzura kandi ko as-cast ibiranga (utigeze ukora imashini) biri mubishushanyo by ibahasha. Rimwe na rimwe, imiterere yatunganijwe neza ihindurwa ubusa kuko umutware udashiraho imashini adahari.
Hanyuma, kuvura hejuru. Ibice byinshi bikozwe mucyuma bibona fosifati cyangwa oxyde yumukara kugirango irwanye ruswa. Uburyo bwo gutunganya bugira ingaruka kuri ibi. Niba usize ahangayitse cyane, akazi gakomeye kavuye mumashini atera, gufatira hamwe birashobora kunanirwa. Urupapuro rurangiza rugomba gusiga isuku, igabanutse cyane. Nibikorwa byuzuye aho buri ntambwe imenyesha igikurikira.
Isoko ryuzuye: Impamvu Yuzuye Yuzuye
Ibi binzanye kwitegereza bifatika. Imishinga idafite ubudodo nayoboye nabanye nabatanga ibicuruzwa bigenzura casting na Imashini ya CNC. Iyo uruganda nububiko bwimashini biri munsi yinzu, cyangwa byibuze muguhuza gukomeye nkumushinga uhuriweho, ibibazo bikemuka vuba. Abakanishi barashobora gusubira mubishingwe: Uyu murongo wo gutandukana utera ibibazo bivanze, cyangwa Turashobora kongeramo akantu gato ko gutunganya kuri ubu buso kugirango datum nziza? Uruganda rushobora guhindura igishushanyo mbonera cyangwa amarembo yicyiciro gikurikira.
Urebye umwirondoro wikigo nka QSY's, ituro ryabo byombi Igikonoshwa, gushora imari, kandi byuzuye Imashini ya CNC munsi yikintu kimwe ni ngombwa. Kuri injeniyeri ushakisha ibintu bigoye byumubiri wa valve, bisobanura ingingo imwe yinshingano. Itsinda ryashinzwe rizi igice kizakorerwa, kuburyo bashobora gusiga imigabane yinyongera ahantu habi. Itsinda ryimashini rifite uburyo butaziguye kubasore bakoze casting niba basanze bidahuye. Iki gitekerezo gifunze-ntagereranywa mugukomeza gutera imbere kandi, mvugishije ukuri, gukumira ibiza. Ihindura ibikorwa mubufatanye.
Amaherezo, kwiringirwa guta ibyuma ntabwo ari ibicuruzwa. Nibicuruzwa byuruhererekane, inararibonye yicyemezo kuva guhitamo amavuta kugeza kubishushanyo mbonera kugeza kubikorwa byo gutunganya. Itandukaniro riri hagati y igice cyananiwe mu murima nigice kimara imyaka mirongo gikunze guhishwa muribi bisobanuro, hasi-iduka ryibintu bitigera bigera ku gatabo keza. Nukwubaha imiterere yibikoresho no kuyobora urugendo rwayo rwose, ntabwo kugura igice cyicyuma no kugikata.
