Iyo wunvise izina nka 'Advanced Precision Machining Inc,' rihuza ishusho yihariye, sibyo? Amagorofa atagira ikizinga, umurongo urabagirana imashini eshanu-axis zishira kure, hamwe no kwihanganira gupimirwa muri microne. Nibyo byiza byo kwamamaza. Ukuri, umunsi-ku-gusya, ni akajagari, kurushaho, kandi mvugishije ukuri, birashimishije. Ijambo 'gutera imbere' rijugunywa hirya no hino ryatakaye. Ntabwo ari ukugira Mori Seiki gusa cyangwa DMG; bijyanye nibyo ubikoraho mugihe icapiro rihamagarira igice cya cobalt gishingiye kubice hamwe nurwego ruto-rukuta hamwe numuyoboro w'imbere. Aho niho ikizamini nyacyo gitangirira, kandi aho amaduka menshi yaguze agakarita asanga atari 'iterambere' nkuko babitekerezaga.
Imyumvire mibi yo hejuru hamwe nukuri kubintu
Reka tubanze tuvuge ibikoresho, kuko niho precision ibaho cyangwa igapfa. Umuntu wese arashobora gukoresha aluminium. Ikibazo, nibitandukanya iduka ryakazi nukuri gutunganya neza umufatanyabikorwa, arimo akora ibintu bigoye. Tekereza icyuma gikora imirimo iremereye aho kugabanuka kunyeganyega ari ngombwa, cyangwa 316 bitagira umwanda kubidukikije byangirika. Ariko umukino nyawo uri muri alloys. Ndavuga kuri Inconel, Hastelloy, cobalt-chrome. Ibi ntabwo ari ibyuma 'bikomeye' gusa; bitwara ukundi. Bakora-ako kanya ako kanya, ni abagome kubikoresho, kandi basaba simfoni yumuvuduko ukwiye, kugaburira, umuvuduko ukonje, hamwe nuburyo bwibikoresho. Iduka risaba gutunganya neza ubushobozi bugomba kugira iyi simfoni hasi pat, ntabwo ari prototypes imwe gusa ahubwo nibikorwa bihoraho.
Aha niho ubona amacakubiri asobanutse. Ndibuka ko nasuzumye uwabitanze imyaka mike inyuma yurukurikirane rwa nikel-alloy sensor amazu. Bafite imashini zigezweho, byanze bikunze. Ariko inzira zabo zari ugukeka. Batwikaga urusyo rwa $ 200 mu bice bibiri, kurangiza hejuru kwabo ntaho byari bihuriye, kandi kugoreka ubushyuhe byari intambara ihoraho. Bafite ibyuma, ariko ntabwo ubumenyi bwashinze imizi, hafi yubumenyi bwimbitse. Gereranya ko nibikorwa byakuze hamwe na siyanse yibikoresho, nkikipe hejuru Ikoranabuhanga rya Qingdao Qiangsenyuan (QSY). Iyo wabaye muri casting kandi gutunganya kumyaka irenga 30, nkuko bafite, utezimbere kubyumva. Uzi uburyo ibinyomoro bishingiye kuri cobalt bizagenda nyuma yo kubigabanya, uburyo bwo gukora ibikorwa kugirango ucunge ibibazo. Ibyo byateye imbere. Ari mubumenyi bwamoko, ntabwo ari urupapuro rwihariye.
Isano iri hagati yo gukina no gutunganya nubundi buryo budasobanutse neza bwukuri. Benshi inc ibikorwa bihitamo gutangirana na fagitire. Birahanurwa. Ariko kuri geometrike igoye, guhera kuri net-yegeranye-ishusho-nka shell cyangwa ishoramari QSY kabuhariwe-birashobora kuba inzira nziza. Amayeri, kandi ningirakamaro, ni ugutegura gutunganya no gusobanukirwa imiterere yabakinnyi. Ntushobora gukanda gusa casting hanyuma ukagenda. Ukeneye imibare ya datum, ugomba kubara kubintu bishobora kuba byiza munzira zawe, ugomba kumva ingaruka zuruhu. Kubona ubu burenganzira bisaba ubufatanye bwimbitse hagati yimishinga nububiko bwimashini, ikintu kigenda neza mugihe ubushobozi bwombi buri munsi yinzu.
Icyitonderwa nkigikorwa, ntabwo ari akanya
Icyitonderwa ntabwo ari igipimo kimwe kuri raporo ya CMM. Ninzira itangirira kuri cote ikarangirira kubyoherezwa. Nabonye ibice byiza bivanyweho kuko gahunda yo kugenzura yari yatekereje. Kubyukuri gutunganya neza imikorere, metrologiya ihuriweho. Ntabwo ari cheque yanyuma; biri mu nzira. Gukurikirana ibibazo, kugenzura ibikoresho, gukusanya amakuru ya SPC kubipimo bikomeye. Ibi nibyingenzi byingenzi kubice bizaterana. Igice cyiza kidahuye na mugenzi wacyo ntacyo kimaze.
Kimwe cyananiranye nanjye ni icyiciro cyimibiri ya valve idafite ingese. Bores yagombaga guhamagarwa cyane. Twabikoresheje neza - cyangwa twatekereje. CMM yerekanye ibintu byose muri spec. Ariko mugihe c'iteraniro, barahambiriye. Ikibazo? Twapimye mu cyumba kigenzurwa n'ubushyuhe, ariko ibice byakusanyirijwe hasi mu iduka ryashyushye kuri dogere 10. Kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe butandukanye kuri stainless byari bihagije kugirango bitere intambamyi. Ikosa rokie, ariko rimwe ryatwaye umusaruro wicyumweru. Byanyigishije ko 'precision' ikubiyemo urwego rwo kubungabunga ibidukikije. Noneho, kubiterane bikomeye, ntitugaragaza gusa igipimo cyo gupima, ahubwo inteko yo guterana. Urwo ni urwego rurambuye rufite akamaro.
Iyi mitekerereze yimitekerereze igera kuri fixturing. Kubwinshi gutunganya neza, imiterere yawe ningirakamaro nkumukata wawe. Gushushanya ibice byerekana ibintu biranga abakinnyi, bitanga imbaraga zifatika zidahwitse, kandi zitanga uburyo bwo gupakira / gupakurura neza nubuhanzi. Ntabwo ari byiza, ariko ibikoresho byateguwe neza bizemeza guhinduka, nubwo urusyo rwaba ruteye imbere gute.
Ikintu cya CNC: Byerekeranye na Programmer, Ntabwo ari Imashini gusa
CNC ni umugongo, ariko ni umugongo ucecetse, utavuga utagira ibitekerezo byiza inyuma yacyo. Itandukaniro riri hagati yigice cyiza nigice kinini cyicara muri software ya CAM. Inzira yo gutezimbere ibikoresho bikomeye ni ngombwa. Urashaka guhuza ibikoresho buri gihe, ushaka kuzamuka urusyo aho bishoboka, ushaka gucunga ubushyuhe. Porogaramu ikoresha gusa ingamba zisanzwe azabona igice, ariko zizashya binyuze mubikoresho kandi bishobora guteza ibibazo.
Ndibuka gukorana na progaramu ya progaramu ya titanium. Yakoreshaga uburyo busanzwe bwa zig-zag. Igikoresho ubuzima bwari buteye ubwoba, kandi kurangiza byari bibi. Twahinduye inzira yo gusya trochoidal yo gukomera. Byasaga nkibidasanzwe kuri simulation - ibi bigenda byuzura, ariko byagumishaga igikoresho muburyo buhoraho, bucye. Ubuzima bwibikoresho bwikubye gatatu, kurangiza byateye imbere, kandi twagabanije igihe cyinzira 15%. Nibyo 'byateye imbere' muri Imashini ya CNC. Nubwenge bwa software ikoreshwa kumipaka igaragara.
Indi ngingo ififitse ni nyuma yo gutunganywa. Umugenzuzi wimashini akeneye code isukuye, ikora neza. Ihinduramiterere ryimyanya idakoresha imikorere yihariye yihuta yo gutunganya imikorere ya Okuma cyangwa Makino isiga imikorere kumeza. Guhuza izi nyandiko, akenshi kubufatanye nububiko bwimashini yubaka, nubuhanzi bwijimye bwishyura inyungu nyinshi mukugenda neza no kugabanya ibihe byizunguruka.
Kwishyira hamwe: Iyo Gutera Guhura Kumashini
Aha niho icyitegererezo cyisosiyete ikunda QSY byumvikana cyane. Kugira ibishushanyo mbonera, gushora imari, na Imashini ya CNC munsi yubuyobozi bumwe bukuraho ubwinshi bwo guterana amagambo. Umutwe munini cyane mubikorwa bigoye byo gukora ni handoff. Iyo umucuruzi wa casting hamwe nu mucuruzi wo gutunganya batandukanye, ubona umukino wamakosa. Ikibazo cyo gutunganya? Inzu ya casting ivuga ko amafaranga yimigabane yari meza. Inenge yo gukina? Amaduka yimashini avuga ko ibikoresho byari bifite amakosa.
Hamwe nogutanga hamwe, kubazwa birasobanutse. Icyingenzi cyane, ibitekerezo bisubirwamo ni ako kanya. Itsinda ryimashini rirashobora kubwira ibishingwe, Turimo kubona porosity ihoraho muriyi mfuruka, dushobora guhindura amarembo? Uruganda rushobora gutanga inama, Iyi mavuta ikunda kugabanuka yerekeza kuriyi miterere, ongeraho rero inyongera ya 0.5mm ihari. Ubu buryo bwo gufatanya, gutondekanya nuburyo ugera kubwizerwa no gukoresha neza ibiciro bigoye. Ihindura urwego rwo gutanga mubiganiro, ntabwo ari urukurikirane rwibikorwa.
Kurugero, pompe yimashini muri duplex idafite ibyuma ni umukandida wambere kuriyi. Nuburyo bugoye, bworoshye cyane muburyo bwiza bwo gushora imari, ariko bisaba kuringaniza ultra-precision hamwe no gutunganya bore. Kugira itsinda rimwe riyobora urugendo rwose kuva icyuma gishongeshejwe kugeza kiringaniye, ibice byarangiye byemeza ko igishushanyo mbonera kibikwa kuri buri ntambwe. Abakanishi bazi impamvu umushinga wo gutoranya inguni wakoreshejwe, kandi injeniyeri zashingiwe zumva imibare ihambaye yo gukora ops.
Ikintu cyabantu mu isi ya Digital
Hanyuma, kubiganiro byose byo gutangiza no Iterambere, iracyamanuka kubantu. Umukanishi wumukambwe wunvise impinduka mumajwi yo gukata agahagarika imashini mbere yuko igikoresho kimeneka. Umugenzuzi wubuziranenge ugaragaza ibintu bidasanzwe anketi ya CMM yabuze. Ingeniyeri yububiko itondekanya imbonerahamwe ya SPC ishakisha icyerekezo, ntabwo ari pass / gutsindwa gusa.
Ubu buhanga bwubatswe mu myaka mirongo, ntabwo bwakuweho. Numutungo wibanze wa buri kintu gikomeye inc. Ntushobora kuyigura ukoresheje imashini nshya. Urayihinga binyuze mumishinga itoroshye, binyuze mubitsinzwe (nka myugariro yo kwagura amashyuza), no mumuco uha agaciro ubukorikori nkikoranabuhanga. Iyo nitegereje ubushobozi bwabatanga isoko, mara umwanya munini kumaduka mvugana nabakora nkuko mbikora mucyumba cyinama ndeba urutonde rwibikoresho byabo. Ibyiyumvo byaho, kwitondera ibisobanuro birambuye kumurimo wakazi, uburyo bitwara mubice-bikubwira - birakubwira kuruta udutabo twose.
Noneho, mugihe urimo gusuzuma 'Advanced Precision Machining Inc,' reba inyuma yimbere. Baza ibikoresho byabo bibi kumashini n'impamvu. Baza ubushakashatsi bwakozwe kubice byananiye mbere nuburyo babikemuye. Baza isano iri hagati yimiterere yabo, gukina, no gutunganya amakipe. Ibisubizo bizakubwira niba barabonye izina, cyangwa niba ari ikimenyetso kumuryango. Ibisobanuro nyabyo biri mubitekerezo, kera mbere yuko spindle ihinduka.
