Reba, iyo wunvise 'Co 6', niba utari kure cyane muri casting cyangwa gutunganya imashini ikora cyane, ushobora gutekereza kurwego rwa cobalt. Ariko aho niho umutego wambere uri. Ntabwo ari ibintu bifatika gusa; ni ikimenyetso cyibibazo byinshi hamwe nicyemezo hasi yububiko. Nabonye ibishushanyo byinshi byinjira hamwe na 'Co 6' cyangwa guhamagarwa bisa, kandi ikibazo gikurikiraho kiva mumatsinda yacu yo gutegura ni burigihe, Sawa, ariko mubyukuri turimo dukora iki hano? Izina ryizina ni ikintu kimwe - buriwese arashobora kureba ko ari amavuta ya cobalt, akenshi hamwe na chromium na tungsten ikomeye yo kwambara no kurwanya ruswa. Ukuri kubitunganya, kubona amajwi atagira micro-crack, cyangwa no gushakisha fagitire ihamye? Nibyo 'Co 6'. Yerekana icyiciro aho urupapuro rwerekana amakuru rwujuje ibintu bifatika, bikunze kuba akajagari, isi yo gukora ibice bitananirwa nubushyuhe bukabije cyangwa abrasion.
Urupapuro rwihariye na Lathe
Twari dufite umushinga mugihe gito, igice cya valve kumurimo ukomeye. Icapiro ryerekanwe a cobalt guhura Co 6 ibiranga rusange. Umukiriya yatanze urupapuro rwamakuru, nimero zose zuzuye. Kwimuka kwambere kuri QSY ntabwo yari gahunda ya CNC; kwari ukugirango ukore agace gato ka test coupons uhereye kubintu byaturutse. Kubera iki? Kuberako igipimo cyimashini zishobora kumpapuro ntacyo bivuze. Ugomba kubyumva. Twatangiranye na karbide isanzwe yinjizwamo ubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Igisubizo? Gukata imburagihe hakiri kare, kurangiza hejuru bidahuye, hamwe nubushyuhe bwinshi bujya mubice kuruta uko twakunze. Uwiteka Co 6 ibikoresho, hamwe nuburyo bukomereye akazi, yarwanaga inyuma. Urupapuro rwihariye ntirwigeze ruvuga kuri iryo tsinda ryihariye ritandukana gato mubirimo tungsten, ibyo bikaba bihagije kugirango akazi katoroshye kahinduke inzozi.
Aha niho imyaka 30 mugukina no gutunganya imigeri. Utezimbere ibyiyumvo. Twahinduye uburyo bukaze hamwe nubushakashatsi bwihariye, butyaye-bwenge bwa ceramic winjizamo umuvuduko mwinshi ariko ubujyakuzimu bwo hasi. Byumvikane-intuitive-ceramics kuri cobalt? Ariko byari bijyanye no gucunga ubushuhe no kubuza ibikoresho gukomera mbere yigikoresho. Kugaburira no kwihuta kubara bivuye muri software byari intangiriro, ariko ibipimo byanyuma byaturutse kumajwi yo gukata hamwe nibara rya chip. Chip yari ikeneye kuba ifeza, ntabwo ari ubururu. Ubururu bisobanura kugumana ubushyuhe bwinshi, bishobora kwangirika kwangirika kwubutaka bwigice. Nibigaragara kandi byunvikana QA reba ko nta sisitemu yikora isimbuye byuzuye.
Uruhande rwo gutoranya ibisa nkibi, dukemura binyuze mumurongo wo gushora imari, birerekana urujijo rutandukanye. Hamwe na cobalt, urwego rwo gukomera hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro nibyingenzi. Suka neza cyane, ubona amakosa. Suka cyane, uteza imbere imikurire minini, yoroheje. Kubintu bigoye, bifite uruzitiro rukomeye twakoze umwaka ushize, twagombaga gukora sisitemu yo kwinjiza no kuzamura sisitemu itari mubitabo byose. Byari bishingiye ku kunanirwa kwabanjirije - twabonye kugabanuka gukabije guteranira hamwe. Igisubizo cyarimo gushyiramo ubukonje butari busanzwe kugirango berekane gukomera. Cyakoze, ariko cyongeyeho ikiguzi nigihe. Ngiyo umusoro uhishe wo gukorana nibikoresho nka Co 6. Agaciro ntabwo kari mubyuma bibisi kuri kilo; biri mubumenyi bukusanyije uburyo bwo kubishiraho byizewe.
Gushakisha hamwe na Gambit ihoraho
Reka tuganire kubikoresho fatizo. Ntushobora gutumiza 'Co 6' kuva murusyo kandi utegereje uburinganire. Itandukaniro riri hagati yo gushonga, ndetse no kubatanga isoko bazwi, birashobora kuba bihagije kugirango uta ibintu byose byashizweho. Ibi twabyize inzira igoye hakiri kare. Twujuje ibyangombwa byo gutunganya impeta ya kashe kuva mububiko bwihariye. Ibice 100 byambere byari byiza. Icyiciro gikurikiraho, uhereye kumubare utandukanye wibintu 'bimwe', byatangiye gutera kwambara inshuro eshatu. Ibikoresho byubuzima byerekanwe hanze yidirishya. Nyirabayazana? Kurikirana ibintu, birashoboka ko ari nka tantalum cyangwa karubone kuruhande rwumupaka ntarengwa, uhindura imyitwarire ya alloy munsi yigitutu cyigikoresho.
Noneho, imyitozo yacu isanzwe, cyane cyane kubice bikomeye, ni ugutsimbarara ku cyemezo cyo gusesengura ibintu byihariye kandi tugakoresha ikizamini cyacu bwite cyangwa, icyiza kurushaho, byihuse spekitroscopi niba ingano ibyemeza. Nintambwe yinyongera abakiriya bamwe binubira, ariko ikiza umutwe wintangarugero kumanuka. Iki nigice cyibanze cyo kwizerwa Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. amasezerano. Ntabwo ari byiza, ariko kugenzura ibyinjijwe ni 50% yo gutsinda urugamba hamwe na superalloys. Rimwe na rimwe, dufatanya n'amaduka mato, yihariye ashonga yita ku kirere cyo mu kirere kuko kugenzura imikorere yabo birakomeye, nubwo igihe cyo kuyobora ari kirekire. Kubisanzwe cobalt pompe igice, urwego-rwubucuruzi rwashonga rushobora kuba rwiza. Kubuyobora bwa turbine, ntabwo bizaguruka.
Uku kudahuza kandi kuva amaraso mugikorwa cyo gukina. Amazi yicyuma gishongeshejwe, bigira ingaruka kuburyo yuzuza neza Igikonoshwa, Birashobora gutandukana. Gushonga bitarenze gato idirishya ryubushyuhe bwiza birashobora kuvamo gukonja gukonje cyangwa ubusembwa bwubuso buteye ubwoba bwo kubona no gusana post-casting. Twimukiye muburyo bukurikiranwa mugihe cyo gusuka - pyrometero, kamera yerekana amashusho yumuriro ku gikombe gisuka - kugirango dufate ibyo gutandukana uko bibaye. Ntabwo ari amakosa, ariko ihindura ibishoboka byose mubice byahinduwe mugucungwa, ntoya.
Gusudira no Gusana
Dore ibintu bitabona igihe gihagije: gusana. Umukiriya yohereje yambaye Co 6 ibice, yenda imyitozo bito bushing cyangwa isahani yo kwambara. Urashobora kubaka agace kambarwa hanyuma ukongera kugikora? Igisubizo cyigitabo ni yego, cobalt alloys akenshi irasudwa. Igisubizo nyacyo-isi ni, Biterwa, kandi ni akaga. Agace katewe nubushyuhe (HAZ) kuva gusudira karashobora gukora umufuka wibikoresho bifite imiterere itandukanye rwose - ibice byoroshye, byoroshye-ibice. Twagerageje ibi kumashini yubuhinzi yambara ibice, dukoresheje guhuza cobalt wuzuza insinga hamwe na TIG inzira isobanutse.
Ibisubizo byambere byasaga neza. Isaro ryo gusudira ryari ryumvikana. Ariko mugihe cyimashini yakurikiyeho kugirango igarure mubipimo, micro-crack yakwirakwijwe muri HAZ. Igice cyari ubusa. Isomo? Kugirango usane byukuri ibice byinshi bihangayikishije, gusudira akenshi ni inzira yanyuma. Rimwe na rimwe, birarushijeho kuba byiza guta no gukora imashini igice gishya guhera. Kubintu bidakenewe cyane, ushobora kuvaho, ariko ugomba gushyira mubikorwa mbere yubushyuhe na nyuma yubushyuhe (PWHT), byongeramo ibiciro kandi bigoye. Ubu dufite matrix yoroheje yicyemezo: ikiguzi cyigice gishya nigiciro cyo gusana + ibyago byo gutsindwa muri serivisi. Kenshi na kenshi, hamwe nibikoresho kururu rwego, guta bundi bushya.
Iyi sano isubira mugice cyo gushushanya. Iyo tugishije inama nabakiriya kurwego rwo gushushanya, niba tubona igice cyagenewe a cobalt nka Co 6, dukunze gusunika kubishushanyo byoroshye guta mugice kimwe na mashini neza, kuruta ibishushanyo bishobora gusaba guterana cyangwa gusana gusudira. Nimpinduka zifatika kuva kuba uruganda gusa kuba umufatanyabikorwa winganda. Irabakiza ibibazo nigiciro hejuru yubuzima bwigice.
Kurenga Icyuma: Umushoferi Wukuri
Hanyuma, igitekerezo kinini cyibeshya nukwibanda gusa kubiciro kuri kilo ya Co 6 alloy. Igiciro cyicyuma kirakomeye, yego, ariko akenshi ntabwo aricyo shoferi nyamukuru. Igiciro nyacyo kiri mubikorwa byo gukora no gukoresha ibikoresho. Igipimo cya 10% gisakara kuri aluminium ni ikintu kimwe. Igipimo cya 10% kuri cobalt alloy nikibazo cyamafaranga. Intambwe yose - uhereye kuri gushora imari inzira aho igikonoshwa cyangiza cluster, kumashini ya CNC aho kwinjiza $ 150 bimara ibice 3 aho kuba 10-byongera igihombo.
Dukurikirana ikintu cyitwa 'ikiguzi kubice byiza' muby'amadini kuriyi mirimo. Ibintu muri byose: ibikoresho, ibiciro, igihe cyo gukora, ibikoresho, kugenzura, hamwe nibiteganijwe. Gutezimbere kuriyi metrici nibyo bitandukanya amaduka yisununura muri superalloys nayabayeho kuri yo. Kuri twe, birashobora gusobanura gushora imari mu buryo bwihuse, bwuzuye insinga-EDM kubintu bimwe na bimwe aho kugerageza kubisya, gusa kugirango twemeze ko nta gutandukanya ibikoresho cyangwa ibibazo bikomereye akazi. Bishobora gusobanura gushushanya ibintu byabigenewe bigabanya guhindagurika mugihe cyo gusya, kuko kuganira kuri a cobalt ubuso bushobora gutangiza umunaniro.
Ikiruhuko? Iyo urimo gusuzuma uwaguhaye ibintu birimo Co 6 cyangwa babyara bayo, ntubaze gusa ibyemezo byabo. Baza ibijyanye nibisanzwe byumusaruro kuri geometrie isa. Baza ingamba zabo zisanzwe zikoreshwa hamwe nubuzima buteganijwe. Baza niba barigeze gukiza icyiciro binyuze mu gusudira cyangwa HIP (Kanda Isostatic Pressing) nibisubizo byavuyemo. Ibisubizo byabo bizakubwira byinshi kubushobozi bwabo kuruta agatabo keza. Ni muribi bisobanuro, bidashimishije ubuhanga nyabwo hamwe nibikoresho nkibi bibamo, ubwoko bwubatswe mumyaka mirongo, nkishingiro kuri QSY, aho isomo rihora: wubahe ibikoresho, ubaze ibisobanuro, kandi wizere inzira watsindiye mugeragezwa kandi rimwe na rimwe, ikosa.
