Urumva 'cobalt ishingiye kubice' hanyuma ugahita utekereza 'urwego rwohejuru,' 'ikirere,' 'imiti yubuvuzi.' Ibyo ntabwo ari bibi, ariko ni ishusho ituzuye. Ukuri mububiko bwimashini nububiko bwimashini ni bibi cyane, byuzuye ubwumvikane nimyitwarire itunguranye impapuro zamakuru zitagutegurira buri gihe. Hariho imyumvire itari yo ivuga ko kubera ko ari 'superalloy,' ibabarira kugenzura imikorere mibi. Mubunararibonye bwanjye, biratandukanye rwose; irasaba gukomera, ntabwo ari munsi, kandi ihana ibitekerezo bikabije.
Amavuta ntabwo arikumwe gusa
Iyo tuvuze akazi, vuga, kashe ya turbine muri cobalt, urugamba rwa mbere akenshi usanga ari ibikoresho. Ntabwo amanota yose ya Co-Cr-W cyangwa Co-Cr-Mo yaremewe kimwe, ndetse no munsi ya AMS cyangwa ASTM imwe. Kurikirana ibintu biva mumashanyarazi atandukanye, imiterere yintete yububiko cyangwa gusubiza ibintu - ibi bihindura muburyo bwimikorere kandi cyane cyane igisubizo cyibibazo mugihe cyo gushora imari. Ibi twabyize inzira igoye mumyaka yashize dukoresha burner nozzles. Ubuhanga bwa chimie bwari 'muburyo bwihariye,' ariko ibice byateje mikorobe mugihe cyo gukuraho ibishishwa nyuma. Nyirabayazana? Ibice bike bya silikoni biturutse kubitanga bishya byagize ingaruka kumurwango ushushe. Icyerekezo cyari irembo ryagutse, kandi twarayinjiyemo.
Aha niho ubufatanye bwigihe kirekire nabatanga ibikoresho bizwi biba bidashoboka. Ntabwo ari bike kubijyanye nicyemezo nibindi byinshi bijyanye no guhuza icyiciro-kuri-icyiciro. Kubisosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), hamwe nimyaka mirongo itatu mugukina no gutunganya, gushiraho ko ikizere cyo gutanga isoko cyabaye igice cyingenzi mubikorwa. Ntushobora kubaka ubwizerwe kubiryo bidahuye. Akazi kabo hirya cobalt ishingiye kubice, nikel alloys, hamwe nicyuma cyihariye bivuze ko bashobora kuba barabonye iyi vagisi yibintu ikina inshuro nyinshi, bigahindura filozofiya yamasoko.
Ubundi buryo ni 'form' ya alloy. Dutangiriye kumabari yisugi yo gutunganya? Gukoresha revert mu itanura ryacu bwite ryo gushora imari? Cyangwa gutunganya ibice byuzuye byoherejwe kugirango turangize gutunganya? Buri nzira ifite ibibazo bitandukanye. Abakinnyi cobalt ibice bizagira imiterere itandukanye yimbere kandi ishobora kuba irimo ugereranije na bilet yakozwe. Gahunda yawe ya CNC hamwe nuburyo bwibikoresho bigomba kubarwa kubyo guhinduka uhereye kumurongo wambere.
Gutera Ishoramari: Aho Ubumaji n'Umutwe bibera
Igikonoshwa no gushora imari ni ukujya kuri complexe, hafi-net-shusho cobalt ishingiye kubice. Ihagarikwa ryimiterere nubuso birangiye nibyiza, ariko inzira idirishya iragufi. Amavuta ya Cobalt afite ingingo zo gushonga kandi akenshi zitwara neza ubushyuhe. Ibi biganisha kumashanyarazi yumuriro mugihe cyo gukomera. Niba sisitemu yawe yo gutambuka no kuzamuka idakozwe neza - kandi ndashaka kuvuga neza kuri kiriya gice cya geometrie - uzabona kugabanuka gukabije cyangwa ahantu hashyushye bihinduka urubuga rwo gutangiza.
Twigeze kumara ibyumweru tugerageza gukuraho porotike mugice kinini cyibice bigize valve. Urupapuro rwamakuru rwavuze neza. Irembo ryambere ryatangiye gukurikiza amategeko asanzwe yicyuma. Byarananiranye. Twagombaga kwimuka muburyo bukaze, bushyushye bwo gutambuka kugirango amazi yicyuma arekure muri kiriya gice, hanyuma hashobora kwibasirwa nisuri. Byari igikorwa cyo kuringaniza cyakemuwe binyuze mubigeragezo, ntabwo ari igitabo cyibitabo. Ubu ni R&D idashimishije ibera kumaduka.
Post-cast, gukuramo igikonoshwa birakomeye. Iyi mavuta ikora cyane-ku buryo bugaragara. Niba ufite ubukana bukabije bwa knockout, urashobora gutera impungenge zo hejuru nyuma zikorana no guhangayikishwa no gukora, biganisha ku kugoreka. Dukunze gukoresha uruvange rwo kunyeganyega no kwitonda cyane. Nubwo bimeze bityo, ntushobora kumenya neza kugeza igice cya mbere kijya kuri CMM. Iki cyiciro gisaba kwihangana bihabanye ningutu zumusaruro.
Imashini: Ubuhanga bwo Kugenzura Ubugizi bwa nabi
Imashini cobalt ishingiye kubice niho ibikoresho byubuzima ubuzima buhura nukuri. Ibi bikoresho bigumana imbaraga nyinshi mubushyuhe bwo hejuru, bivuze ko 'bitoroshya' kuruhande. Ahubwo, baragabanya kandi bagakora-akazi hejuru ugerageza guca. Urufunguzo nugukomeza guhora, kwishimisha hamwe nibikoresho bikarishye, byihariye-amanota ya karbide yagenewe ubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane, hamwe na kote yihariye nka AlTiN.
Ikosa rya kera ni ukugabanya umuvuduko wibiryo kugirango 'utekane.' Ibi akenshi bituma ibintu birushaho kuba bibi, bigatera igikoresho guswera aho gukata, kubyara ubushyuhe bwinshi no kwihutisha akazi. Ugomba kuba umunyamahane muburyo bukwiye. Coolant niyindi mpaka. Umuvuduko ukabije, ukoresheje ibikoresho bikonjesha ni itegeko hafi yo kwimura chip no gucunga ubushyuhe, ariko kubitanga bigomba kuba bitagira inenge. Intambamyi iyo ari yo yose iganisha ku bikoresho byananiranye. Nabonye amadolari 200 yanyuma yarangiye mumasegonda kuko umurongo ukonje wabonye akantu gato.
Ibikoresho ni kimwe cya kabiri cyintambara. Bitewe nimbaraga nyinshi zo guca hamwe nibisigisigi bisigaye biva muri casting, ibice birashobora kugenda. Ukeneye imbaraga, akenshi zimenyerewe, ibikoresho bishyigikira igice utarinze gutera impagarara zizagaruka nyuma. Kuburyo bugoye bwa turbine umuzi, dushobora kumara umwanya munini dushushanya no kwerekana ibyingenzi nka gahunda yo gutunganya ubwayo. Ntibisanzwe kugira ingingo ya mbere ikore aho igice cyuzuye ariko kigumaho burundu murwego kuko wasuzuguye imbaraga zifatika zikenewe kugirango wirinde kuganira.
Imikorere-Isi Yose hamwe nuburyo bwo kunanirwa
Ibyinshi muri ibyo bice ntabwo bicaye ku gipangu gusa; bari mu guhana ibidukikije. Tekereza kumashanyarazi asohoka muri moteri ikora cyane cyangwa wambare padi mubikoresho bitunganya imiti. Uburyo bwo kunanirwa dukunze kugerageza gukumira ntabwo ari ukuvunika gukabije, ahubwo kwangirika buhoro buhoro nka okiside yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, sulfidation, cyangwa kwambara.
Ndibuka ikibazo cyumukiriya ukeneye ubuyobozi bwihanganira kwambara kumurongo ushushe. Babanje gukoresha ibyuma bikomye ibyuma, binanirana vuba. Twasabye a cobalt nka Stellite 6 kubera ubukana bwayo bushyushye no kwihanganira. Ibice byitwaye neza, ariko nyuma y'amezi atandatu, byerekanaga guturika bitunguranye. Intandaro? Inzira yo gukora yarimo kuzimya vuba biturutse ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru, tutari twabaze neza. Ihungabana ry’ubushyuhe ryashimangiye ko, hamwe n’imyunyu ngugu isanzwe ihindagurika ku bushyuhe buke, byateje umunaniro. Igisubizo nticyari impinduka zifatika, ahubwo igishushanyo mbonera cyo kongeramo ibintu byubutabazi kugirango ucunge ibibazo. Byari isomo ryo kureba ibirenze ibikoresho bya datasheet yibikoresho kuri sisitemu yuzuye.
Aha niho ubunararibonye bwumuhimbyi butandukanye butandukanye. Iduka ryakoranye cyane nicyuma kitagira ingese zo kwangirika kandi cobalt kumyambarire itezimbere ubushishozi kuri ubu buryo bwo kunanirwa gucuruza. Barashobora kubaza ibibazo bikwiye kubijyanye nibikorwa bidukikije uwashizeho ibintu adashobora gutekereza kubisobanura.
Ubucuruzi bwo Kubikora: Guhuza hejuru ya Hype
Kurangiza, gutanga umusaruro wizewe cobalt ishingiye kubice ntabwo ari ukugira imashini nziza 5-axis (nubwo ifasha). Byerekeranye no kugenzura inzira n'ubumenyi bw'inzego. Nukwandika ibyakozwe kandi cyane cyane, ibitari kumurimo wanyuma usa. Nukugira abafite metallurgiste bashobora gusoma hejuru yamenetse hamwe nabakanishi bashobora kumva amajwi yaciwe kandi bazi ko bigenda nabi.
Ibigo bimara muriyi niche, nka QSY (Ikoranabuhanga rya Qingdao Qiangsenyuan), mubisanzwe ufite ubwojyakuzimu. Amateka yabo yimyaka 30 mugushushanya no gushora imari, hamwe no gutunganya imashini za CNC, byerekana ko binjije aya masomo. Ntabwo bagurisha igice gusa; barimo kugurisha ubushobozi bwo kuyobora urugendo rwose kuva ibyuma bishongeshejwe kugeza birangiye, byuzuye bizakomeza kubaho mubisabwa. Kubaguzi, kugenzura amaherezo-kurangira akenshi bifite agaciro kuruta kuzigama amafaranga make, kuko bigabanya ibyago byo gutsindwa kwumurima, bihenze.
Isoko ryibi bice riratera imbere, cyane cyane mu ngufu n’imashini zihariye z’inganda. Ariko inzitizi yo kwinjira ni ndende. Ntabwo ari ubucuruzi bwibicuruzwa. Intsinzi ishingiye ku kubaha imiterere yibikoresho, gushora imari muburyo bukwiye, no kumva ko rimwe na rimwe, igisubizo cyiza kirimo kuvugana n'umukiriya bivuye a cobalt no mubyiciro byo murwego rwohejuru ibyuma bidafite ibyuma bizakora bihagije mugice gito cyigiciro no kubabara umutwe. Kumenya igihe utagomba kuyikoresha nibyingenzi nko kumenya kuyikora.
