Urumva 'progaramu itunganijwe neza' kandi ibitekerezo byinshi bisimbuka neza kwihanganira gukabije hamwe na moderi ya CAD nziza. Icyo ni igice cyacyo, byanze bikunze, ariko ni igice cyoroshye. Inkuru nyayo itangira iyo moderi ikubise hasi yububiko ukaba ureba kuri fagitire ya Inconel cyangwa casting ikaze idahuye neza nicapiro. Itandukaniro riri hagati yisi yuzuye ya digitale numubiri, rimwe na rimwe yinangira, ukuri kwicyuma - niho ubukorikori nyirizina butuye. Ntabwo ari ibijyanye no gukurikiza amabwiriza gusa; nibijyanye no kubasobanura, guhuza, no rimwe na rimwe gutongana nabo kugirango bakore igice gikora.
Urufatiro: Bitangirana nibikoresho
Ntushobora kuvuga neza utabanje kuvuga kubyo ukata. Nabonye imishinga myinshi isitara ku irembo kuko ibintu bifatika byafashwe nkibisobanuro. Fata isosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY)—Bamaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo mu gukina no gutunganya. Iyo bavuze gukorana na nikel cyangwa cobalt ishingiye kuri alloys, ntabwo arurutonde gusa kurubuga. Nicyo kimenyetso cyo guhangana nibintu bikomeye. Gukora ibyuma byoroshye bidafite ingese ni ikintu kimwe; guhangana n’ishoramari rigoye, rifite uruzitiro ruto muri Hastelloy kugirango ibidukikije byangirika ni inyamaswa itandukanye rwose. Ingamba zo gutunganya ibyo zigomba kubahiriza imyumvire yibikoresho byo gukora cyane, ubushyuhe bwabyo, imiterere yabyo. Hitamo ibikoresho byawe, ibiryo byawe n'umuvuduko, ndetse nigitutu cyawe gikonje, ukurikije iryo hitamo ryambere ryibanze. Fata ibyo bibi, kandi nta mubare wa gutunganya neza ubupfumu buzagukiza.
Aha niho guhuza inzira munsi yinzu, nko kuri QSY, byerekana agaciro kayo. Bakora ibishishwa hamwe no gushora imari, hanyuma bakimukira muri CNC gutunganya. Ukwo gukomeza ni ngombwa. Umukanishi ntabwo yakira agasanduku kirabura kayobowe nuwabitanze; birashoboka ko bazi uburyo icyo gice cyibikoresho cyasutswe, gikonje, nicyo impagarara zishobora kuba imbere. Ubwo bumenyi bwimbitse buramenyesha ibice byambere, gukata kwambere, bifasha kwirinda gutungurwa nko kugoreka mugihe urangije kurekura igice kivuye. Ihindura ingingo ishobora gutsindwa - ihererekanyabubasha hagati yo gukina no gutunganya - guhinduka kugenzurwa.
Ndibuka akazi kumazu ya sensor muri 17-4 PH idafite umwanda, yerekanwe mumiterere ya H1150. Icapiro ryahamagaye urukurikirane rwimbitse, ruto-diameter rwambukiranya. Ibikoresho byari bikomeye, kandi kugenda imyitozo byari impungenge rwose. Tugomba kurenga imyitozo isanzwe ya karbide. Twarangije gukoresha umwitozo-wubutaka, karbide ikomeye hamwe na parike ya parabolike ya geometrike yihariye yo kwimura chip nziza hamwe nu mpande zahinduwe. Ndetse no muri icyo gihe, byari inzira yo gucukura intambwe hamwe ninshuro nyinshi zo gukubita hamwe na coolant yumuvuduko ukabije werekeza aho bigeze. 'Ibisobanuro' ntabwo byari ugukubita gusa kwihanganira ahantu; byari mugushushanya inzira yose kugirango ibuze igikoresho gutandukana mbere. Icyo ni igisubizo cyihariye utazabona mu gitabo rusange.
Umukiriya muri gahunda
Custom ntabwo buri gihe isobanura geometrike. Rimwe na rimwe, umurimo wimbitse wigenga ntushobora kugaragara. Ari mu kazi. Twari dufite umukiriya wigeze akenera gukora runini runini, rudasanzwe rudasanzwe. Buri bakinnyi, kuba casting, bari bafite itandukaniro rito. Vise isanzwe cyangwa niyo isahani yabugenewe yaba yarabaye inzozi kumwanya wo gushiraho no guhoraho. Igisubizo cyari modular yubatswe hamwe noguhindura, gukomeretsa hamwe nu rwasaya rworoheje twakoreshaga murugo kugirango dushyireho igice kimwe. Twahise dusuzuma buri mukinnyi kugirango tumenye isura ya datum hanyuma duhindure abayikurikirana mbere yo kuyifunga. Porogaramu ya CNC yagombaga kwandikwa kugirango yerekane imibare ihindagurika. Igice ubwacyo cyari cyoroshye - urusyo ruto rwo mu maso, rwabyaye ibyobo bibiri. Ariko inzira yo kuyifata neza kandi isubirwamo kubice mirongo itanu byari byuzuye gutunganya neza umushinga ubwawo. Yongeyeho ikiguzi kumpera yimbere, ariko yazigamye amahirwe mugihe cyo gusiba no gushiraho.
Aka ni akandi gace aho imashini ikora imashini ikora. Amaduka akora imashini gusa arashobora kureba kuri casting akabona ikibazo gikemutse. Iduka nka QSY, naryo ritanga casting, rishobora kuba ryarateguye udupapuro duto twibitambo cyangwa uburyo buhoraho bwo gutondekanya muburyo bwa casting kuva mugitangira, bigatuma ubuzima bwimashini bworoha bitagira akagero. Ubwo bufatanye bwo hejuru / kumanuka ni ishingiro ryibikorwa byukuri.
Noneho hari uruhande rwa software. Ibice bitanu-icyarimwe icyarimwe icyarimwe kibona icyubahiro cyose, ariko kubice byinshi byabigenewe, 3 + 2 umurongo uhagaze ni akazi. Gutegura kuri ibi bisaba imitekerereze yerekana igice mumwanya wa 3D, ukayigabanyamo ibice biranga ibintu bishobora kurangizwa na spindle ifunze kumurongo runaka no kuzunguruka. Porogaramu ntabwo itanga gusa inzira yinzira; barimo gukora choreografi y'urugendo rw'igice banyuze kuri mashini, bagabanya kongera guhuza, no kwemeza uburyo bukomeye bushoboka kuri buri gikorwa. Kubara nabi hano birashobora gutuma igikoresho kigongana na fixture cyangwa ubuso bubi burangiye kuko urimo gukata nisonga ryurusyo rwanyuma aho kuruhande. Nakoze iryo kosa - kugerageza kuba umunyabwenge cyane ufite inguni kandi nkarangiza igice cyaciwe kuko gukuraho ibikoresho ntabwo byari bigereranijwe neza. Byari byibutsa kwibutsa ko ibahasha yimashini iboneka ari ngombwa nkigice cya geometrie.
Icyitonderwa: Ijambo rifitanye isano
± 0.001 santimetero ni umuhamagaro usanzwe. Ariko ibisobanuro birasobanutse. Gufata ko kumurongo wa aluminium 2-ni igiciro gisanzwe. Gufata kuri diametero 20, ibikoresho nyuma yicyuma gikoreshwa nicyuma cyimpeta nindi nkuru. Gukura k'ubushyuhe, igitutu cy'ibikoresho, guhinduranya imashini - byose birazamuka. Ugomba kureka imashini nigice kigatuza. Rimwe na rimwe, ibyo bivuze gukomera, hanyuma ukagenda isaha imwe, hanyuma ukagaruka kugirango urangize urumuri. Gahunda irashobora kubyanga, ariko ubuziranenge bwigice burabisaba.
Ibi nabyize inzira igoye hakiri kare hamwe namazu manini afite amazu. Twabikoresheje neza, tubipima neza mucyumba cyagenzuwe n’ikirere, turabisinyira. Icyumweru nyuma, umukiriya yahamagaye - ntibyari byemewe. Byagenze bite? Umubare munini wibikoresho byavanyweho mugihe cyo gutunganya byari byaragabanije imihangayiko yimbere muri casting yambere. Igice cyari cyarigunze nyuma yuko turangije. Igisubizo, twafashe kubintu byose binini, byaciwe cyane nyuma yibyo, byari inzitizi yo kugabanya imihangayiko. Nyuma yo gutunganya nabi, twohereje igice hanze kugirango ubushyuhe bugabanuke, hanyuma tubigarure kurangiza. Yongeyeho intambwe, ariko yahinduye ibisigazwa bitateganijwe muburyo bwizewe, gutunganya neza. Icyitonderwa ntabwo ari igipimo gusa kumpera ya spindle; ni ituze ryicyo gipimo mugihe no mubikorwa byacyo.
Ibipimo ubwabyo ni indero gakondo. Kubintu bimwe, CMM isanzwe iratunganye. Kubandi - ibinini byimbere byimbere hamwe no guhamagarwa kwa silindrike, cyangwa ibintu bigoye kama-ushobora gukenera kwaguka kubutaka bwihariye, cyangwa gukoresha laser scaneri, cyangwa no kubaka igipimo gikora kugirango ugerageze guhuza igice. Uburyo bwo kugenzura bugomba kuba buhuye nintego nkibikorwa byo gutunganya. Dufate ko ingano imwe ihuye na metero zose ni inzira yihuse yo gutanga igice cyapimwe neza kidaterana.
Ibintu byabantu nu bikoresho byifashishwa
Automation ninziza, ariko gakondo, amajwi make aracyakora kumaso n'amatwi. Ijwi ryo gukata rihinduka kuva hum yoroheje uganira gato; kubona ibara rya chip rihinduka kuva ifeza ukajya mubyatsi ujya mubururu; kumva ubuso bwuzuye kuri burrs imashini ishobora kuba yarabuze. Izi ni cheque itari QC igenzura ifata ibibazo mbere yuko biba ibiza. Umukanishi mwiza yumva imashini nkumukanishi yumva moteri.
Guhitamo ibikoresho ni umwobo wimbitse. Kubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane, ushobora guhitamo hagati yubutaka bwa ceramic (bushobora gukemura umuvuduko wumusazi ariko kwanga guhagarika) hamwe na karbide yihariye (ibabarira cyane ariko itinda). Ihinduka igikorwa cyo kuringaniza hagati yigihe cyigihe, ikiguzi cyibikoresho, hamwe ningaruka zo kwinjiza ibiza. Twigeze kugerageza gusunika imipaka hamwe na ceramic winjizamo nikel alloy mumaso yogukora. Igipimo cyo gukuraho ibyuma byerekana ko cyari cyiza. Mu myitozo, ikintu gito kidahuye neza hejuru yabateraga cyateje micro-interruption, hanyuma iyinjizamo irasenyuka, ifata umubiri wa $ 800 ibikoresho byabigenewe. Twasubiye mubikorwa bikomeye, bihinduka-helix karbide yanyuma yinganda kandi twemera igihe kirekire. Igikoresho cyiza ntabwo buri gihe aricyo gifite imibare ihanitse cyane; niyo irangiza akazi neza.
Aha niho umubano nabatanga ibintu nka QSY ikibazo. Niba urimo gutunganya ibyo bakinnye hanyuma ugahita uhura nikintu gikomeye cyangwa igikundiro, urashobora kugirana ibiganiro bya tekiniki. Bashobora kureba inzira zabo - birashoboka ko ari ikibazo cyo gutambuka, wenda ibipimo byo gucumura - hanyuma bagahindura. Ibikoresho rusange bitanga gusa kohereza raporo yikizamini. Ubufatanye buhindura isesengura ryinenge muburyo bwo kunoza inzira, amaherezo bikazamura ireme ryanyuma gutunganya neza birashoboka.
Gutanga Ibirenze Igice
Umunsi urangiye, ntabwo utanga widget. Urimo gutanga igisubizo cyikibazo. Igisubizo kirimo igice, raporo yubugenzuzi, ibyemezo, hamwe nubumenyi bwa tacit ko niba hari ikintu gisa nkaho, ufite amateka yo kumenya impamvu. Nukuba umufatanyabikorwa, ntabwo ari umucuruzi gusa. Iyo umukiriya yohereje igishushanyo, serivisi nyayo ibaza ibibazo bashobora kuba batatekereje: Iyi radiyo ihamagarwa nkikarishye. Nibyo byo kwemerwa? Kuberako dushobora guhitamo amashanyarazi kugirango akorwe neza nta mpungenge ziterwa nimpande zakozwe neza. Cyangwa, Uku kwihanganira gukomeye cyane kuri datum idakora. Turashobora kuruhuka kugirango tuzigame ikiguzi tutagize ingaruka kumikorere?
Urwego rwinama nirwo rutandukanya iduka ryakazi nukuri gutunganya neza utanga. Yubatswe kuri ibyo byiciro byose byambere: gusobanukirwa ibikoresho, gushushanya inzira zikomeye, kumenya imipaka yimashini nibikoresho, no gukoresha metrologiya ifatika. Ihindura gahunda yo kugura mubufatanye. Urabona iyi mitekerereze mumasosiyete amaze imyaka mirongo yikurikiranya, nka QSY. Amateka yabo yimyaka 30 ntabwo ari statut yo kuramba gusa; nigitabo cyibibazo byakemuwe, ibintu bifatika byize, nibikorwa binonosoye. Ubwo bumenyi bwinzego buhinduka igice cyagaciro imashini muri buri gice, cyaba icyuma cyoroshye cyoroshye cyangwa ibintu bigoye bya cobalt alloy ya serivisi ikabije. Ibisobanuro biri mubice, ariko imiterere gakondo iri mubitekerezo byagezeyo.
