Iyo wunvise 'ibyuma bisobanutse neza', ibitekerezo byinshi bisimbukira muburyo bwo gushora imari. Ibyo ntabwo ari bibi, ariko ni intangiriro ikunze kubura ishyamba kubiti. Ibisobanuro nyabyo ntabwo bijyanye nizina ryibikorwa gusa; ni hafi ya ecosystem yose yo kugenzura - kuva urutoki rwa erega rwashongeshejwe kugeza kwihanganira imashini ya nyuma. Nabonye imishinga myinshi ihagarara kuko umuntu yerekanye 'precision casting' ku gishushanyo adasobanuye icyo bivuze mubikorwa byigice cyabo. Byarangiye hejuru? Ihagarikwa ryikigereranyo munsi yubushyuhe? Guhuzagurika mugice cyibice 10,000? Ibyo bidasobanutse niho havuka ibibazo.
Umukino wa Shell: Birenze Umusenyi
Fata ibishishwa. Ihinduka hamwe no guta umucanga byoroshye rimwe na rimwe, ariko ibyo ni bibi. Ibisobanuro hano biva mubutaka bwumusenyi ubwabwo. Birakomeye. Uku gukomera bisobanura kugendagenda kurukuta ruto mugihe cyo gusuka, bisobanurwa neza muburyo bwiza bwo kwizerwa. Ntabwo tuvuga gufata santimetero +/- 0.005 kuri buri buso - ibyo ni ugushora imari - ariko kuri geometrike zimwe na zimwe, cyane cyane ibice binini, binezeza, birashobora kuba bihamye kandi bidahenze. Amayeri ni ukumenya igihe cyo kuyakoresha. Ndibuka igitereko cya pompe iremereye, imiterere yoroshye ariko ifite imyenge ibiri irambiwe. Icyatsi kibisi cyaduhaye itandukaniro ryinshi mumyobo ifite amabara, biganisha kumwanya wo gutunganya ubugome. Guhindura ibishishwa byakemuye ikibazo cyimikorere hafi ya yose. Igiciro cyibumba cyari kinini, ariko twazigamye byinshi mugutunganya imirimo n'ibisigazwa. Ibyo ni ingirakamaro ibyuma bisobanutse neza icyemezo.
Aho ibishishwa bishobora kukuruma biri murwego rwo kurangiza ibyateganijwe. Uzabona kurangiza neza, rwose biruta umucanga usanzwe, ariko bizagira imiterere iranga ingano. Niba igipapuro guhamagarira pristine, nk-kurangiza kurangiza kwitegura, ushobora gutenguha. Akenshi ikenera guturika cyangwa gutunganya. Namenye ko inzira igoye kumushinga hakiri kare, nkeka ko umukiriya azumva 'as-cast'. Ntabwo bakoze. Noneho, gucunga ibyo biteze ni igice cyambere cyo gusuzuma.
Guhitamo ibikoresho nabyo birakina. Dukoresha ibyuma byinshi byuma na karubone dukoresheje ibishishwa ku iduka ryacu. Inzira ikemura ikibazo cyumuriro wa ferrous alloys neza. Ariko nabonye kugerageza gukoresha amavuta menshi ya nikel murwego rumwe, kandi ibiranga ubushyuhe biratandukanye - birashobora gutuma ushwanyagurika mugihe amarembo no gukonjesha bidahinduwe. Nibyo. Inzira ntabwo ari buto ukanda gusa; ni urutonde rwibintu byashyingiranwa nibikoresho.
Gutera ishoramari: Guhitamo kugaragara, hamwe nibintu byihishe
Gushora imari ni posita umwana wa ibyuma bisobanutse neza, kandi kubwimpamvu. Igikonoshwa ceramic gikozwe mubishashara biguha ubwo buso butangaje hamwe nubushobozi bwo gufata amakuru meza. Ariko 'precision' hano ntabwo yikora. Igishashara cyibishashara ubwacyo nisoko ishobora gutandukana. Niba ibipimo byo guterwa ibishashara bidafunze - ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, igipimo cyo gukonjesha - ibipimo byerekana urugero, kandi guhindagurika bigenda byigana muri buri gishishwa na buri cyiciro cya nyuma. Njye namaze ibyumweru mpamagara muburyo bwibishashara kumuryango mushya. Nibikorwa birambiranye, umurimo wibanze utagaragara neza ariko ugena ibintu byose bikurikira.
Noneho hari inyubako ya shell. Amakoti yo kwibira, gusaba stucco. Nintoki, imirimo yubukorikori no mubikoresho bigezweho. Ubuhanga bwumutekinisiye ukoresha ikoti yambere ya slurry ifite akamaro kanini kugirango ufate amakuru meza. Biroroshye cyane, kandi ushobora guhura nigikonoshwa cyangwa ibyuma byinjira. Byinshi cyane, kandi ushobora gutakaza inguni zikarishye. Twigeze kugira ikibazo nurukuta ruto ku cyuma kitagira ingese. Ibishashara byari byiza, ariko icyuma 'cyogeje' ceramic ahantu runaka mugihe cyo gusuka. Igisubizo ntabwo cyari imbaraga zubugome; yarimo ihindura ubwiza bwikoti yambere ya slurry hamwe nicyiciro cyibikoresho bya stucco kugirango yubake cyane, nyamara iracyasobanutse neza. Ubu ni granularité yo kugenzura isobanura neza neza.
Kugabanuka. Buriwese azi ibijyanye n'amafaranga yo kugabanuka kumurongo, ariko imikoranire hagati ya alloy na ceramic shell mugihe cyo gukonja itera inzitizi. Kubice bigoye, ibinyomoro ntibigabanuka kimwe. Ibi birashobora kugushikana kumaganya asigaye cyangwa, mubihe bibi cyane, ibice bishyushye. Dukorana na byinshi ibyuma n'ibidasanzwe bidasanzwe nka cobalt ya valve trim. Ibi bikoresho bifite imyitwarire yihariye yo kugabanuka nimbaraga-kuri-ubushyuhe bwo kugabanuka. Sisitemu yo kwinjirira ntigomba kuba igenewe kugaburira ibyuma gusa, ahubwo kugirango yemererwe gukina kugabanuka hamwe nimbaraga nke ziva mugikonoshwa. Ni imbyino hagati ya geometrie, metallurgie, na siyansi yubutaka. Kunanirwa gusuka kubintu bihenze bya nikel-alloy bikwigisha byinshi kubyerekeye iyo mbyino kuruta igitabo icyo aricyo cyose.
Gukora Intoki: Aho Gutanga Byerekanwe
Nta kiganiro cya ibyuma bisobanutse neza byuzuye nta gukoraho imashini. Ntibishobora gutandukana. Gukina birashobora kuba byiza cyane kuri CMM, ariko niba idafite imashini cyangwa ifite ubukana budahuye, ni inzozi mbi kuri CNC. Aha niho ibikorwa byahujwe, nkibyo twubatse mumyaka, byerekana agaciro kabo. Gutanga ibitekerezo ni bigufi. Niba itsinda ryimashini risanze ibice byimyitozo bishaje vuba cyane mugice cya casting, barashobora gusubira mumushinga kandi dushobora kureba microstructure. Igipimo cyo gukonja cyarangiye? Haba hari carbide itunguranye muri ubu bushyuhe bwa icyuma?
Ndibuka ikintu kigizwe na hydraulic. Gushora imari byari hafi-net-net, ariko yari ifite imyobo itandatu yimbitse, yihanganira neza-gucukurwa no gukoreshwa. Ibyiciro bike byambere byakozwe neza. Hanyuma, icyiciro gishya cyatangiye gutera igikoma. Ibipimo byo gukina byari bimwe. Ikibazo cyagarutsweho no guhindagurika gato mubirimo fosifore yibirungo bitagira umwanda, ibyo bigatuma ibikoresho 'bikomera' kandi ntibikunda gukanda. Gukosora byari byahinduwe na chimie ntoya hamwe no guhindura annealing cycle post-casting. Utagenzuye urunigi rwose, washobora kohereza ibicuruzwa umukiriya wawe adashobora gukora imashini neza, byangiza umubano. Icyitonderwa nigisubizo cyatanzwe, ntabwo ari ibintu byoherejwe gusa.
Niyo mpamvu ibigo bihuza casting no gutunganya munsi yinzu imwe, nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ufite inyungu yihariye kubintu bikomeye. Bamaze imyaka irenga mirongo itatu bakora, basobanukiwe ko kuva mu itanura kugera kuri CNC atari transaction; ni ugukomeza. Umukanishi akeneye ibikoresho fatizo bihamye, byateganijwe kumenyesha byimazeyo umushinga. Iyo urimo guhangana idasanzwe ibyo bihenze kandi bigoye kumashini, uku kwishyira hamwe ntabwo ari ibintu byiza; ni nkenerwa kugirango ugere kubwizewe, buhendutse ibyuma bisobanutse neza ibisubizo.
Ibikoresho ni Ubutumwa
Ntushobora kuvuga neza utavuze ibikoresho. Amavuta ntabwo ari umurongo gusa kurupapuro rwihariye; itegeka inzira yose. Icyuma na ibyuma kwitwara ukundi muburyo. Umuyonga, hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo gushonga hamwe nubworoherane butandukanye, akenshi bisaba ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gusuka hamwe nuburyo bwitondewe bwo kwinjira kugirango wirinde amakosa cyangwa okiside. Ibyo bita 'bidasanzwe bivanze' - bishingiye kuri nikel kandi cobalt—Mureke iyindi si. Bakunze gusukwa kubikorwa bikabije: ubushyuhe bwinshi, kwangirika kwinshi, kwambara birwanya. Ikibazo cyabo gisobanutse akenshi kijyanye n'ubunyangamugayo. Ubwoba muburyo bukwiye bushobora kwemerwa; muri moteri yindege turbine ikozwe muri nikel superalloy, birababaje.
Twakoze kubintu bigize pompe itunganya imiti, byerekanwe mubyuma bya duplex. Kurwanya ruswa byari byo by'ingenzi. Ikibanza cyambere cyujuje ibipimo ariko byananiranye mubizamini bya ruswa. Ikibazo? Icyiciro cya ferrite-austenite cyarazimye kubera ko igipimo cyo gukonjesha kinyuze mu bushyuhe bukabije kitagenzuwe neza bihagije mugikonoshwa ceramic. Kugera kuri 'precision' bisobanura gucunga imiterere ya metallurgjique, ntabwo ari imiterere yinyuma gusa. Tugomba guhindura igikonoshwa kugirango duhindure gato imiterere yacyo kandi dushyire mubikorwa gukonjesha protocole nyuma yo gusuka. Yongeyeho intambwe, ariko niyo nzira yonyine yo kuzuza ibikoresho bisabwa, niyo ntego nyayo yabakinnyi.
Aha niho ibishingwe rusange bikubita urukuta. Gukoresha ibikoresho bidasanzwe ntabwo ari ukugira itanura rishobora kugera ku bushyuhe. Nibijyanye nubumenyi bwukuntu ayo mavuta akomera, uko yitwara hamwe nibikoresho bitandukanye, nuburyo bukoreshwa nyuma yubushyuhe bukenewe kugirango habeho ibintu bisabwa. Nubumenyi bwimbitse, bwihariye bwubaka imyaka, akenshi binyuze mubigeragezo no kwibeshya. Wiga ibinyobwa bikunda kugabanuka-mikorobe, nizihe zikenera imashini isotatike ishyushye (HIP) nkuburyo busanzwe bwo gusenya ikintu cyose cyimbere. Ubwo bumenyi nigice cyibanze cyo kugereranya neza.
Igipimo nyacyo: Guhoraho mu Mubumbe
Hanyuma, ikizamini cyanyuma cya a ibyuma bisobanutse neza inzira ntabwo ari prototype imwe yuzuye. Nigice cya 500 mubikorwa bikora neza nkibyambere. Gusubiramo ni umwami. Aha niho haza ibyangombwa byo kugenzura inyandiko, gahunda zikomeye zo kugenzura, hamwe no kugenzura imibare (SPC). Ntabwo ari ibijyanye n'ubuhanzi nibindi bijyanye na siyanse. Kugenzura ubwiza bwi bwogero bwa buri munsi, kugenzura ibipimo byibishashara hamwe na go / no-go bipima buri cyerekezo gito, gukora ibizamini byangiza buri gihe kuri sample casting kugirango ugenzure neza imbere.
Dutanga ibice byo guteranya amamodoka. Ijwi ni ryinshi, kwihanganira birakomeye, kandi ikiguzi cyo gutsindwa ni kinini. Ibisobanuro hano bisobanurwa nagaciro ka CpK kurwego rukomeye. Kugirango ukubite iyo mibare buri gihe, impinduka zose mumurongo zigomba gukurikiranwa no kugenzurwa. Ubushyuhe bwicyuma mbere yo gusuka, ubushyuhe bwabanjirije ubushyuhe bwibibumbano, ubuhehere bwibidukikije mucyumba cyumisha (bigira ingaruka ku gipimo cyumye). Ni sisitemu.
Iyo ukorana numukunzi nka QSY, imyaka yabo 30 mugukina no gutunganya bisobanura sisitemu yashizweho, inonosoye kubwoko bwa verisiyo yuzuye. Bashobora kuba barabonye uburyo bwo kunanirwa, bubaka bariyeri, kandi basobanukiwe nigiciro cyo kureka ibipimo bigenda. Kubaguzi, iyo mateka yo gukura akenshi iba ifite agaciro kuruta imashini nshya yaka. Bisobanura gutungurwa gake. Kandi mubikorwa, nta makuru ni inkuru nziza. Gutanga icyiciro nyuma yicyiciro gihuye gusa nimirimo - ibyo ni ukuri gutuje, kudashimishije kurwego-rwinganda ibyuma bisobanutse neza. Ntabwo ari ugukora igihangano kimwe; nibijyanye no gukora ibihumbi icumi bisa, byizewe undi muntu ashobora kubaka ibicuruzwa bye atabanje kubitekerezaho.
