Iyo abantu babajije ibyerekeye 'guta ibishashara byatakaye', mubisanzwe baba bashaka igiciro kuri buri gice. Iri ni ikosa rya mbere. Igiciro ntabwo numubare numwe ukuramo imbonerahamwe; ni ikiganiro gitangirana na geometrie muri dosiye yawe ya CAD ikarangirana no kurangiza mukiganza cyawe. Nabonye imishinga myinshi igenda itandukana kuko umuntu yagereranije cote yumuringa woroheje wumuringa nu ruganda ruto, rufite urukuta ruto cyane rutagira ibyuma kandi yibwira ko uruganda rwabashwanyaguje. Igiciro nyacyo kiri mugukusanya ibyemezo byafashwe kera mbere yuko ibishashara byaterwa.
Urufatiro: Byose Bitangirana nicyitegererezo
Ntushobora kuvuga ikiguzi utavuze imiterere. Uburyo bworoshye, bukomeye kubikoresho? Ugereranije bihendutse mubikoresho. Ariko niba igice cyawe gifite imiyoboro yimbere, munsi, cyangwa bisaba ibishushanyo mbonera bya aluminiyumu, igikoresho cyambere cyo gushora gishobora kwiyongera. Ndibuka umukiriya wateguye inzu nziza ifite imiterere yimbere yimbere yo kugabanya ibiro. Igishushanyo gitangaje, ariko ifumbire isaba kugwa ceramic cores hamwe nibice byinshi. Uwiteka guta ibishashara inzira ubwayo yari isanzwe, ariko ikiguzi cyikubye kabiri amafaranga yinjira mumushinga. Nicyo kintu cyihishe kumurongo benshi babuze.
Noneho hariho ibishashara ubwabyo. Igishashara gisanzwe ni igiciro kimwe. Ariko kubice bisaba gutekana gukabije - tekereza birebire, byoroheje bishobora gutera - ushobora gukenera ibishashara byuzuye cyangwa polymer-bivanze. Ibyo wongeyeho wenda 15-25% kubikoresho byawe neza neza. Nibibi bikenewe rimwe na rimwe. Twigeze kugerageza kuzigama amafaranga mugukoresha imibiri ya valve dukoresheje ibishashara bihendutse. Igisubizo? Kugoreka guhoraho, kugoreka muburyo bwa bore butafashwe kugeza butunganijwe, bukuraho icyiciro cyose. Kuzigama byavanyweho inshuro icumi hejuru.
Umubumbe ni kurundi ruhande rwibiceri. Amadolari 10,000 $ yagabanijwe hejuru ya 50 ni ubugome. Ibice birenga 50.000, biba bike. Aha niho umufatanyabikorwa mwiza wo gushinga agomba kukuyobora. Kubijyanye nubunini buke, ibice byinshi-bigoye, rimwe na rimwe bicapuwe na 3D cyangwa ndetse na binding jetting ya ceramic shell ni ubukungu cyane, nubwo ibiciro biri murwego rwo hejuru. Irengana ibikoresho bikomeye. Ibigo bitanga uburyo bwa gakondo nuburyo bugezweho, nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), gira akarusho hano. Bashobora gutanga ibitekerezo byerekana inzira ihenze cyane kubijwi byawe, byaba ari ibya kera gushora imari ibikoresho cyangwa uburyo bwimvange.
Umukino wa Shell: Ibiciro bya Ceramic nigihe cyo gutunganya
Igikorwa cyo kubaka igikonoshwa niho igiciro cya buri gice gitekwa. Buri dip, umusenyi, hamwe no gukama byongera umurimo, imbaraga, nigiciro cyibikoresho. Igice kinini, kiremereye gishobora gukenera ibice 7-9 bya ceramic slurry na stucco. Igice cyoroshye, cyihanganira ubushyuhe igice cyikirere gishobora gukenera amakoti yihariye ya zirconiya hamwe namakoti menshi kugirango ubunyangamugayo, bikarushaho kwiyongera ikiguzi.
Igikonoshwa cyananiwe kwica bije. Niba igishishwa cyacitse mugihe cyo kwangiza (autoclave cyangwa flash fire process) cyangwa mugihe cyo gusuka, ntutakaza ibishashara gusa, ahubwo imirimo yose nibikoresho byashowe muri kiriya gishishwa. Kugenzura ibidukikije byumye - ubuhehere n'ubushyuhe - ni ngombwa. Muri kimwe mu bigo byacu bishaje bidafite ibyumba byumye bigenzurwa n’ikirere, twabona igipimo cy’ibishishwa cyiyongereye mu gihe cyimvura. Igiciro nticyari mubishishwa byazimiye gusa; byari mubukererwe bwumusaruro hamwe namasaha yikirenga kugirango akubite itariki yoherejwe. Ibishingwe bigezweho hamwe nibidukikije bigenzurwa biteka uku kwizerwa mubiciro byabo.
Nibijyanye nigihe cyigihe. Igikonoshwa gifata iminsi 5 yo kubaka niminsi 7 (ukoresheje tekinoroji yumye yohanze cyangwa sisitemu zitandukanye zihuza) ihuza umurwa mukuru wawe nubutaka butandukanye. Iki giciro cyo hejuru gitangwa mumirimo yose yo mumaduka. Imiterere-ivanze cyane, yububiko buke bwibiciro byububiko bizatandukana numurongo wabigenewe ukoresha amamiriyoni yimitwe ya club ya golf. Iyo ubonye amagambo, uba wishyuye neza iduka-cyangwa imikorere idahwitse.
Ikintu Cyuma: Kurenza Igiciro Kuri Kilo
Biragaragara, guhitamo amavuta ni umushoferi munini. 304 idafite ingese na 316. Ibyuma bya karubone na nikel ishingiye kuri nikel nka Inconel 718. Itandukaniro ryibiciro fatizo rishobora kuba 10x. Ariko iyo niyo ntangiriro. Imyitwarire yo gushonga ihindura byose. Superalloys ikenera gushonga vacuum no gusuka, nigikoresho kinini cyigiciro kinini nigiciro cyogukora ugereranije nitanura ryinjira mumashanyarazi kumyuma.
Kwitanga nijambo ryamagambo hano. Nangahe mubyuma usuka birangira mugice cyanyuma? Igishushanyo cyuzuye, cyoroshye gishobora kugira umusaruro wa 70%. Igice gifite uburebure burebure, buto hamwe na sisitemu igoye yo kwinjiza bishobora kugira umusaruro wa 40%. Icyo cyuma cyatakaye - amasoko, abiruka, amarembo, hamwe na risers - birasubirwamo, ariko uracyishyura amafaranga yabanje gushonga, imbaraga zo kuyashonga, hamwe nigihombo cya okiside (suka shrinkage). Buri gihe mbwira abashushanya: gushushanya umusaruro. Rimwe na rimwe, kongeramo 1mm yubugari kurukuta birashobora kunoza cyane kuzuza no kugabanya ibisigazwa, bizigama igiciro cyicyuma kirenze kure uburemere bwiyongereye.
Aha niho uruganda rukora ibikoresho byihariye. Iduka nka QSY, urutonde rwuburambe bwihariye hamwe na cobalt ishingiye kuri nikel ishingiye kuri nikel, yahinduye ibipimo byabo kubikoresho byoroshye. Bazi ubushyuhe bwuzuye bwo gusuka, ubushyuhe bwambere, nigipimo cyo gukonjesha gikenewe kugirango umusaruro mwiza ku gice cya Hastelloy. Gukoresha uruganda rukora cyane cyane ibyuma byumushinga wawe wibyuma bishobora kuba bihendutse kubiciro, ariko imyigire yabo yo kwiga hamwe numusaruro muke ushobora gukora finale yatakaye ibishashara hejuru.
Nyuma yo gukina: Aho Hihishe 50%
Ngiyo ihungabana rikomeye kubashya. Igiciro cyo gukina mbisi akenshi ni kimwe cya kabiri cyinkuru. Gukina bisohoka hamwe namarembo afatanye, imiterere yubuso bwa ceramic, hamwe nudusimba duto duto kumurongo wo gutandukana. Ibintu byose nyuma yo kunyeganyezwa nigiciro cya kabiri cyibikorwa.
Gukata ni ubwambere. Gukata intoki hamwe nicyuma ni akazi kenshi. Automatic abrasive gukata cyangwa gukata bande nibyiza. Kubijwi byinshi, robotike yo guhagarika sitasiyo ni ngombwa. Hanyuma gusya. Kuraho amarembo yo kumarembo no koroshya isura nakazi keza. Igice kitoroshye gifite amarembo ahantu hatoroshye kugerwaho birashobora gufata imashini isya ubuhanga iminota 30, aho igice cyoroshye gishobora gufata 2. Iki gipimo cyakazi cyiyongera vuba.
Noneho, kuvura ubushyuhe. Birakenewe kugirango ugabanye imihangayiko? Kugirango ugere kumiterere yihariye? Iyindi ni itanura ryizuba, indi ntambwe yo gutanga ibikoresho, ikindi giciro. Ikizamini kidasenya (NDT). Igice gikeneye X-ray, irangi ryinjira, cyangwa ultrasonic? Buri kizamini kongeramo igihe nigiciro cyinzobere. Hanyuma, icyaricyo cyose Imashini ya CNC. Igice kinini cyishoramari kiri hafi-net-imiterere, ariko intera ikomeye hafi ya yose ikenera gutunganywa. Uruganda rufite ubushobozi bwo gutunganya imashini, nkibyo QSY itanga, nigiciro kinini. Guteranya no gutunganya bikuraho kohereza, kongera guhuza, no gutandukanya itumanaho hagati y'abacuruzi batandukanye. Igiciro cyo gukina nabi kubera gushushanya nabi gusobanura ibigo birashobora kuba bibi.
Gushyira hamwe: Amagambo afatika
Noneho, iyo ubonye cote, ntabwo uba wishyuye casting. Urimo kwishyura: Icyitegererezo / ibikoresho bya amortisation, inshinge, ibishashara byubaka imirimo & ibikoresho, ibyuma bishonga & gusuka (byahinduwe kumusaruro), kunyeganyega, guhagarika, gusya, kuvura ubushyuhe, bishobora kuba NDT, hamwe nubuyobozi bukuru. Amagambo meza yatanzwe numufatanyabikorwa ufite uburambe nka Ikoranabuhanga rya QSY akenshi izabisenya cyangwa byibuze witegure kubisobanura. Imyaka 30 yabo Igikonoshwa na gushora imari bivuze ko babonye ibiciro byigiciro mumishinga ibihumbi.
Amagambo ahendutse akenshi ni akaga cyane. Bishobora gusobanura ko bakoresha urwego rwohejuru rwo hasi, basibye kugenzura neza inzira, cyangwa kudaha agaciro ibyakozwe nyuma. Natwitswe nibi. Twatanze akazi kubantu bamwe batera pompe kubapiganwa buke. Abakinnyi basaga neza, ariko mugihe cyo gutunganya, twasanze rimwe na rimwe. Igiciro cyibice byananiranye, inteko yatinze, hamwe nicyubahiro hamwe nabakiriya bacu ba nyuma byari isomo ryimibare irindwi.
Kurangiza, kugenzura yatakaye ibishashara ni ibijyanye n'ubufatanye no gusobanuka. Tanga igishushanyo gisukuye, cyakozwe. Sobanura neza ibipimo byawe - ntabwo ari urutonde rwa mbere gusa, ahubwo kubuzima ubuzima bwibihe. Muganire kubyingenzi-bikora ahantu hakiri kare kugirango uruganda rushobore gushyira amarembo hamwe nimpanuka bikwiye. Hitamo umufatanyabikorwa ufite ibikoresho byiza hamwe nubuhanga bwo gutunganya igice cyawe. Igiciro noneho gihinduka agaciro kangana: urihira byukuri, ubuziranenge, nigice gikora neza ubwambere. Nicyo giciro cyonyine gifite akamaro amaherezo.
